First Signs Of Skin Cancer

Malignant melanoma accounts for 4% of all skin cancer-related deaths. Early childhood exposure to severe sunburn predisposes the child to skin cancer later in life. Skin cancer is treatable if it's caught early. Monthly body checks are important to find abnormal blemishes, red scaly patches, odd-shaped moles and pimples on the body. Men, especially, should be aware of the high incidence of malignant melanoma on their backs and regular check for changes in appearance in order for successful cancer treatment.

Asymmetry

Moles that aren't symmetric (same on both sides) but oddly shaped should be further investigated by your physician. Moles that are ragged, blurry or notched are classic signs of skin cancer (malignant melanoma) and warrant immediate attention.

Features

Multicolored mole or skin blemish that is brown, red white, red speckled or black is a sign of malignant melanoma and is cause for concern. A mole or blemish that is over ¼ inch or 6mm in width presenting one or more of the signs mentioned may be malignant melanoma. Remember the ABCD rule:

A for Asymmetry (unevenly shaped blemish or mole)

B for Border (ragged or notched)

C for Color (see above)

D for Diameter (1/4 inch or 6mm width)

Identification

Recognizing common signs of skin cancer is important for early treatment intervention. A sore that won't heal that's filled with yellow pus that may bleed and scab over, break again and fill with pus, is a sign of skin cancer. The sore may look like a pimple or small pink spot to begin with but will not disappear or get better. Immediate attention from your health professional is vital.

Warning

Basal cell carcinomas appear on parts of the body that have been over-exposed, at some stage in life due to damaging UV rays. These areas of the body include the face, scalp, neck, shoulders, upper back and the chest. The sore may appear to be a pearly gray color if the skin around the carcinoma is stretched.

Significance

Squamous cell carcinomas appear on the face, the neck, chest and back; the shoulders and upper arms may also be affected. These blemishes may be pink or red in color with scales and may be sore to the touch, they may ooze pus and not heal. Seek professional help immediately.

Tags: malignant melanoma, skin cancer, blemish that, carcinomas appear, cell carcinomas

Fix Alloderm Complications

AlloDerm implantation is a surgical procedure and can result many complications.

AlloDerm is a tissue implant introduced in 1994 to help treat burn victims. Today, AlloDerm is used in hernia, facial and breast reconstruction surgeries to replace damaged soft tissue. AlloDerm tissue matrix is made by LifeCell from donated human skin tissue that has been processed to remove the tissue antigens. AlloDerm promotes tissue growth and is claimed to reduce risk of tissue rejection and graft failure. However, complications can occur, such as infection and tissue rejection. If you suspect you are having a complication following AlloDerm implantation, seek medical attention immediately.

Instructions

1. Call your doctor if you have fever, pain, inflammation, swelling or other symptoms of infection, rejection or tear of the AlloDerm matrix. According to a study published in the journal Hernia in 2008, AlloDerm had a complication rate of 24 percent when used for abdominal hernia. Complications included rejection, infection and recurrence of hernia. If left untreated, some complications can be life-threatening.

2. Get on an antibiotic regimen to treat infection. If the AlloDerm complication is due to a bacterial infection, your doctor may re-administer intravenous antibiotics in order to treat the infection. IV antibiotics are commonly administered after the surgery, but sometimes this is not enough to prevent infection. Re-administration of antibiotics may help fix the complication.

3. Remove the implant. In case the IV regimen does not resolve the infection or if the complication is due to graft failure or rejection, your doctor may need to remove the entire AlloDerm implant, in a procedure called explantation. A study published in the journal ePlasty in 2010 found that the rate of explantation was higher with AlloDerm breast implants than with other breast implants.

Tags: your doctor, AlloDerm complication, AlloDerm implantation, AlloDerm tissue, breast implants

Learn Math Techniques

Extra effort will be needed to get through math.

Because math takes a considerable amount of disciple and practice, many students consider it a difficult subject. However, there are some techniques that can make learning and passing math easier.

Instructions

1. Listen attentively and take notes in class. List the step-by-step procedures your professor uses to solve problems, so you can review the whole process later. If there are concepts that you do not understand, ask your teacher to repeat them.

2. Rewrite your notes in an organized manner and highlight any important principles covered in class. When the lessons are fast paced, it can be easy to take sloppy notes. Use what you highlighted to create a summary sheet of important principles, theorems and equations to use when you study.

3. Practice! Concepts are better retained when they are applied. That's what homework is for. It gives you a chance to use what you have learned in the classroom. If you don't bother to do your homework, your grades won't be the only thing affected. Don't limit yourself to what your teacher gives you. More often than not, there will be additional exercises in your textbook that you can solve.

4. Study after class. Most students won't be able to get through math just by listening during class hours. Take a proactive approach to learning and hit the books as soon as you get home from school. Find a quiet place -- without a computer or television -- where you can review your notes without distractions. Review your lessons a little each day so you won't find yourself cramming the day before your examination.

5. Make use of the additional resources available in your school. Your school might offer additional classes for students who wish to learn more about a certain topic or who wish to seek extra help. Aside from teaching you additional concepts, these classes may also give you hints and techniques to help you during your exams.

Tags: important principles, through math, your notes, your teacher

Make A Roasted Carrot & Parsnip Mash

Although similar in shape, parsnips provide a pleasant contrast to carrots' flavor.

Roasted carrot and parsnip mash has a distinctive rustic appearance and smooth, refined texture that makes it a special, yet often overlooked, preparation -- particularly when made in-season. Carrots and parsnips are at the height of flavor and texture during cool months, usually between October and November. The sweetness of the carrots partners well with the peppery bite of the parsnips, and, when roasted and combined with a touch of cream and good butter, results in a rich puree that makes an ideal accompaniment to nearly any dish. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Instructions

1. Fill a large mixing bowl with 1 gallon of water and 2 tbsp. of lemon juice. Peel the carrots and parsnips.

2. Slice the parsnips and carrots in 1/2-inch thick pieces, placing each in the acidulated water after cutting. Strain the water from the carrots and parsnips and dry the mixing bowl. Heat the oven to 400 degrees Fahrenheit.

3. Return the carrots and parsnips to the mixing bowl. Add 1/4 cup of olive oil and toss to coat. Season the parsnips and carrots to taste with kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper and toss to coat.

4. Arrange the carrots and parsnips in an even layer on a sheet pan and place them in the oven. Roast them until golden and tender, approximately 30 minutes. Remove the sheet pan, place it on a wire rack and set aside.

5. Heat 1/2 cup of heavy cream in a saucepan over low heat for three minutes. Adjust the heat to the lowest setting and hold warm. Melt 1 tbsp. of unsalted butter over low heat and hold warm. Place the parsnips and carrots in the bowl of a stand mixer, or place them in a mixing bowl and use a hand-blender.

6. Attach the whisk attachment to the stand mixer and add 1 tbsp. of warm cream and half of the warm butter. Adjust the speed to low and mix for three minutes.

7. Taste the carrot and parsnip mash and adjust the seasoning as needed. Adjust the consistency as needed with warm butter and cream. Finish by mixing for three more minutes and folding in the fresh herbs of your choice.

Tags: mixing bowl, carrots parsnips, parsnips carrots, carrot parsnip mash, carrots parsnips mixing, hold warm

Discover Your Medicare Options

Over 30 million Americans, mostly the elderly, used Medicare in 2010.

Most people qualify for Medicare when they turn 65 years of age. It is possible to qualify at a younger age if you have end-stage kidney failure or certain disabilities, but the program is primarily designed for senior citizens. Medicare comes in four parts and is offered both by private companies and the U.S. federal government. The parts of Medicare in which you can enroll depends on your health needs, available plans in your area and budget.

Medicare Part A

Medicare Part A is the first Medicare option you can enroll in once you become eligible. Part A is premium-free for both you and your spouse if you have paid Medicare taxes for 40 quarters, or 10 years. If you have not done this, you can still get Medicare Part A if you pay a monthly premium, based on how many quarters you did pay Medicare taxes. Part benefits include in-patient hospitalizations coverage, home health services and hospice care.

Medicare Part B

Along with Part A, Part B is considered original or traditional Medicare. If you are eligible for Part A, you are also eligible for Part B. However, you do not have to enroll in Part B. If you are automatically enrolled because you already receive Social Security benefits, you can opt out by following the instructions on your Medicare card. Part B always requires a monthly premium payment. Many services also require co-pays, deductibles or co-insurance. Benefits for Part B are primarily preventive, such as health screenings, a yearly physical and smoking-cessation programs. Part B also covers medical supplies and services needed to diagnose or treat a health condition.

Medicare Advantage (Part C)

Traditional Medicare is purchased directly from the government, but Medicare Advantage plans are bought from private insurance companies approved by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Medicare Advantage (MA) combines all the benefits of Parts A and B, except for hospice, with additional benefits. Individual companies may choose which benefits they want to offer in their MA plans; these often include eye exams, hearing aids, prescription medications or dental work. Medicare Advantage premiums, deductibles and co-pays are set by the insurance company that offers the plans. MA policies can also be sold in different ways, including as HMOs, PPOs, special needs plans, private fee-for-service policies and plans that can be used with medical savings accounts.

Medicare Part D

Part D is an optional Medicare plan also sold by private companies. Part D offers prescription drug benefits only. If you already have prescription drug benefits through a Medicare Advantage plan or other insurance, you do not need to buy Part D. To join a stand-alone Part D plan, you must first be enrolled in either Part A or Part B. If you want to receive your Part D benefits through an MA plan, you will need to be enrolled in both Part A and Part B.

Tags: Medicare Advantage, Medicare Part, Part Part, eligible Part, also sold, benefits through

Fingernail Health Issues

Biting your fingernails can trigger nail problems.

Monitoring your fingernails can be essential to your health. The color, texture, shape and strength of your nails reveals a lot about your physical well-being. Sudden changes in the appearance of your fingernails can indicate an underlying medical condition. When you discover problems early, you can get treatment immediately. Proper nail care and a healthy diet help prevent many nail problems while maintaining nail health.

Yellow Nail Syndrome

When your nails turn yellow, release themselves from the nail bed and seem thicker than normal, you may have yellow nail syndrome. This condition, triggered when your lymphatic system and lungs have problems functioning correctly, occurs commonly during middle age. Your legs may appear swollen, and frequent episodes of bronchitis or pneumonia are not uncommon. The distorted appearance of your nails is hard to erase, even when the swelling and respiratory problems are treated. Applying vitamin E to the nails or taking vitamin E supplements can help improve fingernails' appearance.

Spoon Nails

Spoon nails, also referred to as koilonychia, is a condition that makes the fingernails resemble spoons. The nails are flat and flare up and outward at the edges. The condition is hereditary but can also be brought on by trauma to the nails, frequent biting of the nails and underlying medical conditions, such as anemia. Applying beautifying products to the affected fingernails is not recommended, but with your doctor's approval, overlays can be applied to cover the distorted nails.

Fingernail Infections

The most common fingernail infection, paronychia, starts at the edge of the fingernail and can ultimately spread to the finger. The painful condition may come with swelling, redness and pus buildup. Nail infections can be triggered when you expose your hands to moist conditions or don't practice proper hygiene. If you treat it early, the nail can recover. Soak the nail four times a day in an even mixture of warm water and antibacterial soap for a soothing effect. Your doctor may treat the condition with medicine, he may drain the pus from the nail, or he may remove the nail.

White Nails

White nails, also known as leukonychia, come in three different variants. All variants are characterized by nails that have lost their transparency and are discolored, either fully or partially. The condition is hereditary but can also be caused by high fever, nail biting, respiratory infections and tuberculosis. You can apply nail polish to improve their appearance. A diet rich in vegetables, grains and nuts, and taking a daily zinc supplement, can help eliminate the discoloration.

Tags: your fingernails, your nails, appearance your, condition hereditary, condition hereditary also

Signs & Symptoms Of Ovarian Cancer After A Hysterectomy

Tests like x-rays and MRIs can detect ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer is the abnormal growth of the cells in and around the ovaries. Cancer can start in the epithelial cells that cover the ovaries, on the germ cells that produce the eggs or the connective tissue that holds the ovaries together and produces estrogen and progesterone. Sometimes, when a woman has a hysterectomy, doctors will leave the ovaries behind to prevent her from entering early menopause. If a woman has had a hysterectomy, but her ovaries are intact, she can still develop ovarian cancer.

Most Common Symptoms

The symptoms of ovarian cancer can mimic other diseases and the disease often goes unnoticed until other treatments fail. According to the American Cancer Society, the most common symptoms are abdominal pressure with fullness, swelling and bloating. There is also urinary urgency, or the frequent need to urinate, and pelvic discomfort or pain. These symptoms are present regardless of whether the woman has a uterus.

Additional Signs and Symptoms

A woman may experience persistent indigestion, gas or nausea that does not respond to other treatments. She may have unexplained changes in bowel habits such as constipation or diarrhea. Or she may experience a loss of appetite or tendency to feel full quickly when she does eat. A woman may have pain during intercourse or lower back pain. If the disease progresses without treatment, she may suffer from a persistent lack of energy. Because these symptoms can also occur in women who do not have cervical cancer, it is important to get proper diagnostic testing.

Diagnostic Signs

CT scans, MRIs and abdominal ultrasounds can all detect the growth of tumors on and around the ovaries. These tests can also detect if the tumors have spread to other structures. A colonoscopy can determine if tumors are present in the colon or rectum. A doctor may also use laparoscopy---insertion of surgical cameras---to view the organs in the abdominal cavity and take tissue samples for biopsy. The doctor may also use standard tests such as blood counts and liver panels, to test organ function. He may also order a CA-125 test. If the levels are elevated, it may indicate the presence of cervical cancer.

Tags: ovarian cancer, around ovaries, cells that, cervical cancer, doctor also, other treatments

Radiology Physicist Training

A radiology physicist is a person who specializes in radiologic physics. Within the discipline of radiologic physics (also known as medical physics), there are three focus options: therapeutic radiological, diagnostic radiological or medical nuclear physics.

Definition

Radiologic physics combines radiology and physics. Each focus area deals with both the physical application of X-rays and other radiation, as well as the equipment used in such procedures.

Education

To become a radiological physicist requires intense training. The first step is to graduate from an accredited graduate school program. Accredited schools can be found through The Commission on Accreditation of Medical Physics Education Programs. A master's degree takes two years to complete, while a doctoral degree adds two years of study and two to three years of research.

Certification & Residency

Once you've finished your graduate degree, you'll need to be certified by the American Board of Radiology. You'll earn a general certification first, followed by a radiological physics certification. Starting in 2014, you will also be required to complete a residency. Medical physics residencies are three-year programs.

Tags: radiologic physics

The Average Income Per Household By State

States in the Northeast are likely to have high median incomes per household.

Statistically speaking, families in certain states are more likely to have higher incomes based on median annual earnings per households. Higher median incomes by themselves, however, do not necessarily reflect which states' families are the most well-to-do on average. Cost-of-living is a primary consideration as well since it determines how far a dollar will go.

Top 10

Seven states in 2009 had median household incomes of more than $60,000, according to the U.S. Census Bureau: New Hampshire at $65,028, New Jersey at $64,918, Connecticut at $64,644, Maryland at $63,828, Alaska at $62,675, Virginia at $61,126 and Utah at $60,936. Rounding out the top 10 for the year were Massachusetts at $59,732, Hawaii at $58,469 and Washington at $58,404.

Bottom 10

Three states had median household incomes of less than $40,000: Mississippi at $35,693, Arkansas at $37,987 and West Virginia at $39,170. The remainder of the bottom 10 consisted of Tennessee at $40,034, South Carolina at $41,548, Montana at $41,587, Kentucky at $41,828, Alabama at $42,144, North Carolina at $42,337 and Louisiana at $42,423.

Trends

With New Hampshire, New Jersey, Connecticut and Maryland, the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions have several states with the highest median household incomes. The South, meanwhile, had nine of the bottom 10 states. Among the most populous states, California ranked near the top with a median household income of $56,466. New York and Pennsylvania were in the middle tier at $50,243 and $49,960, respectively. Texas was toward the bottom at $46,895 as was Florida at $45,159.

Considerations

A lower income may go a long way in less expensive states, meaning a state's cost of living is relevant to any discussion of median household incomes. Of the states in the top 10, only Virginia and Utah had low costs of living compared with the national average. The top five of New Hampshire, New Jersey, Connecticut, Maryland and Alaska all had some of the highest costs of living in the nation. Of the states in the bottom 10, all had among the lowest costs of living in the country aside from Montana, where the cost of living was higher than average. Tennessee's cost of living was the lowest in the nation after Oklahoma's.

Tags: median household, household incomes, median household incomes, Connecticut Maryland, cost living, costs living, Hampshire Jersey

Medicaid Income Eligibility Requirements In Texas

Medicaid benefits pay for prenatal care for eligible women.

Medicaid provides health insurance and services to low-income residents. Each state writes guidelines defining low-income for Medicaid purposes. Texas is an "income cap" state, so residents are ineligible if their incomes exceed limits set by the state. Eligibility income limits for Medicaid programs differ by program.

Pregnant Women

In Texas, low-income pregnant women are provided health insurance through Medicaid. Medicaid covers 20 prenatal visits, birth and two checkups for the mother after the birth. According to the Texas Health and Human Services Commission, income limits for eligibility vary by family size and range from $1,670 for a family size of one to $3,400 for a family size of four, as of 2010.

Breast or Cervical Cancer

Texas also provides care to low-income women who need testing or treatment for breast or cervical cancer through the Medicaid Breast and Cervical Cancer program. The Texas Department of State Health Services administers the program and established income limits at 200 percent of the federal poverty level. For 2010, that limit ranged from $1,805 for a family size of one to $3,675 for a family size of four.

Nursing Home Care

Although Texas is an income cap state, a nursing home resident can put excess income into a Miller Trust and become eligible for Medicaid to pay for nursing home care. In 2010, according to ElderLawAnswers.com, the income limitation was $2,022 a month. Consult an elder law attorney about establishing a Miller Trust. The spouse's income does not count when determining eligibility for Medicaid.

Tags: family size, income limits, Breast Cervical, Breast Cervical Cancer, Cervical Cancer, family size family

Perform Breast Self Exams

Perform Breast Self Exams

With the rise in breast cancer and breast cancer awareness, women of all ages should know give themselves breast exams at home to check for lumps and anything else that might seem unusual. Women over 35 should do this on a regular basis, but this does not mean that younger women do not need to know how as well. Breast exams should be given about one week after your period and when your breasts are not sore, tender or swollen.

Instructions

1. Stand in front of a mirror, take one hand and place it behind your head. Take your other hand and hold your fingers flat out. Now touch every part of the breast you are examining gently, feeling for lumps, bumps, and any areas that may feel thicker than the rest of the breast. Also be sure to feel the underarm area close to the breast for anything unusual as well. Repeat on the other side.

2. Place both hands on your hips and check your breast for any changes in shape, size and form while still looking in the mirror. Now lift your hands above your head and do the same type of check again.

3. Lie down on your bed with a pillow propping up your left shoulder. Take your left hand and place it behind your head once again. Now take your right hand with the fingers flat again and examine the breast by pressing in circles around the breast. Start at the outside edges of the breast and work your way inward toward the nipple. Once you have finished that breast repeat the process with the other breast.

4. Examine the underarm area close to the breast. Place your arm on a solid, firm surface like a table, desk or a book shelf and examine the underarm area for lumps or changes in thickness.

Tags: underarm area, your head, area close, area close breast, behind your, behind your head, breast cancer

Meaning Of Snowflake Obsidian

Obsidian is a natural glass made when lava cools at a rapid rate. Obsidian comes in several forms depending on the chemical composition. Obsidian that has a reddish tone has hematite in it and snowflake obsidian contains cristobalite, a type of silica. It has a black background and when polished small points of white with uneven edges that look like snowflakes, appear in the forefront. Another name for snowflake obsidian is flower obsidian because the white spots look like flowers. Snowflake obsidian is equated with purity, probably because of the purity of snow.

Physical Healing

Many alternative healing practitioners find snowflake obsidian helpful in purifying the body of many issues including eradicating the body of bacterial or viral infections. They use it to improve circulation and other vascular problems. Wearing snowflake obsidian jewelry is believed to reduce incidents of muscle aches and cramps and may help the healing of bones in the skeletal system. Problems concerning the digestion system are purified using snowflake obsidian. Crystal healers place snowflake obsidian on the sacral chakra or the base of the spine to heal several problems. They also make an elixir by soaking the obsidian in a liquid.

Mental Issues

Snowflake obsidian purifies the mind keeping it calm even when chaos erupts all around by wearing or carrying it. It clears mental confusion or brings about focus. Tension is often relieved by placing it on the sacral chakra or by rubbing a snowflake obsidian worry stone between the thumb and index finger. It allows self-perception of patterns occurring in life and for past mistakes to be realized, identified and purged. Those that have a problem picking the wrong companion for themselves may see the traits to avoid when picking someone new.

Spiritual

Snowflake obsidian purifies the spirit resulting in spiritual balance by dispelling negative thoughts of the individual and negativity coming from others. It shields the wearer from negative influence. Snowflake obsidian is a protective stone, especially for women because of shielding abilities. It protects from physical, mental and psychic attacks and people that are shy and softhearted benefit from wearing it to keep negativity away. When using to cleanse negativity, cleanse the stone under water.

Other

Snowflake obsidian is often used to scry for something lost. Scrying is an old method of finding things. An example would be to lay a map on a table and hold a piece of snowflake obsidian over it dangling from a chain or chord. Ask where a person might be located and the stone will fall to the map or feel very heavy where that person is located. Placing snowflake obsidian under a pillow may bring about prophetic dreams. Some surgical instruments are made from obsidian and Native Americans used it to make tools and arrowheads.

Tags: look like, obsidian purifies, sacral chakra, snowflake obsidian, snowflake obsidian, snowflake obsidian

Squamous Skin Cancer Treatment

Squamous Skin Cancer Treatment

Squamous skin cancer is also known as squamous cell cancer. These tumors are one of the three most common types of skin cancer. The other two are basal cell cancer and melanoma. Squamous cell is most often found in people over the age of 50.

Significance

Cases of squamous skin cancer account for 2 out of every 10 diagnosed skin cancers. Squamous cell cancers can spread if not treated quickly but the recovery rate is 95 percent when tumors are removed promptly.

Identification

Squamous skin tumors can appear as a lesion on the skin or a sore that will not heal. These tumors are most often located on the face, neck, ears, hands, and arms but can occur anywhere on the body especially in areas regularly exposed to the sun. A mole or wart which begins to change in appearance and becomes rough, scaly, painful, or begins to bleed may be a sign of squamous cell cancer.

Types

The most common treatment for squamous cell cancer is surgery. The type of surgery performed will depend on the size and location of the squamous cell tumor. For small tumors, a simple excision, which is similar to a biopsy, will remove the cancer. The tumor is simply cut out and the skin is stitched back together. Cryosurgery is the method of using liquid nitrogen to destroy the tumor. This will effectively freeze off the squamous skin cancer. Mohs surgery, or microscopic shaving, involves the physician removing the tumor by shaving away one layer of skin at a time. The skin is checked under a microscope to ensure that all off the cancer has been removed.

Time Frame

Squamous cell cancers are considered relatively slow growing but they do develop faster than basal cell cancers. Medical treatment should be sought out as soon as possible to prevent the cancer from spreading and affecting larger areas of skin. Prompt treatment will improve the chances of recovery and minimize scarring from surgery.

Effects

The removal of squamous cell tumors may leave behind scars, depending upon the size of the tumor and the area of skin removed. In cases of large tumors, skin grafts are used to heal the wound and replace missing tissue. This can also reduce the amount of scarring and help to restore the skin's appearance.

Outlook

After recovering from squamous skin cancer, patients should examine their skin regularly as tumors may regrow. Skin cancer is most likely to recur within five years of treatment and may not develop in the same location. Doctors will often recommend follow-up visits every 3 to 6 months for several years to look for signs of recurrence.

Tags: cell cancer, skin cancer, cell cancers, squamous cell cancer, basal cell

Immigration Requirements For Western Samoa

Nine volcanic islands make up Western Samoa.

If it's adventure you're looking for, look no further than Western Samoa. Comprising 9 volcanic islands -- its two largest being Upolu and Savaii - this Polynesian tourist resort area is home to some of the world's best spots for diving, surfing and boating. An estimated 100,000 visitors flock to the islands' unspoilt beaches each year: bolstering the local economy. As a result, this nation and its entry requirements are designed to be tourist-friendly.

Travel Permit Requirements for Samoa

Tourists can stay for up to one month without a permit.

Tourists are not required to have travel permits for stays shorter than 30 days. Any traveler staying for more than this length of time will need to apply for a travel permit prior to embarking on their journey to Western Samoa.

U.S. nationasl based in American Samoa must apply for single or multiple entry permits. This needs to be done prior to traveling and can be done directly through Immigration at Apia or in the consulate at Pago Pago. A fee is payable for this permit. Allow at least 72 hours for processing.

Applications for tourist permits exceeding 30 days can be made through Samoan Consulate, High Commission and Embassies in the following countries: USA, New Zealand, Australia and Belgium.

Passport, Financial and Ticketing Entry Requirements

Ensure you have appropriate visas for your onward journey prior to visiting Samoa.

You must be able to show that Samoa is not your final destination. By ensuring you have onward travel arrangements, such as a return ticket, you can avoid unnecessary travel delays or -- worse still -- the risk of being turned away. Always make sure that you have the appropriate visas in place for the journey from Samoa.

Samoan officials require that all visitors' passports remain valid for at least six months after departing the islands. So, if you're leaving in June, make certain that your passport doesn't expire until after December.

Visitors must show their self-sufficiency to gain entry. In your hand luggage keep details of your accommodation arrangements (including names and addresses) and a photo copy of a recent bank statement.

Security and Health Entry Requirements

Visitors must have clean criminal records.

As an island nation, passport control must do its best to keep the borders free from health risks. Be aware that you may be refused entry if you have any health problems which pose a threat to the island's inhabitants.

Any visitor whose name appears on a warning list or who has a criminal record with any charge resulting a sentence greater than 12 months will automatically be refused entry.

Tags: Western Samoa, appropriate visas, Entry Requirements, have appropriate, have appropriate visas

Mdi Implants

MDI implants can be installed in a single office visit.

Mini dental implants (MDIs) refer to a system for affixing dentures by implanting a titanium screw into the jawbone. Once installed, MDIs keep false teeth in place with the right tension for everyday activities.

Technology

The MDI system consists of tiny screws made of titanium measuring between 1.8 mm and 2.9 mm in diameter and 10 mm to 18 mm in length. At the top of the MDI is a protruding ball on which the denture's metal housing is affixed by an O-ring. The MDI holds the denture in place yet still allows it to be removed and reinstalled.

Installation

Using a tiny drill bit, the technician makes a hole through the gum line and jaw bone into which the MDI is inserted. The MDI is threaded, seating itself in the jawbone as it is gradually inserted. Installation may or may not require making an incision in the gum line based on patient-specific conditions. The process takes about 90 minutes, does not require general anesthetic and allows the patient to eat the same day.

Prognosis

In 1999, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved MDI implants for permanent use. With proper cleaning and care, the system is designed to be a long-term solution for most patients.

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5 Things To Know Before Buying A House

Understand what comes with the home before you buy.

Buying a house is an exciting but scary step. Home ownership means making an investment in your future, but it also means committing to stay put, at least for a while. Before you make that commitment, you should ensure you are making an informed decision, and not one based on how beautiful the home is or your desire to be on your own.

Your Financial Situation

Just because you qualify for a loan does not necessarily mean you should take a loan. On the other hand, if you don't think you can qualify for a loan, you might be mistaken. When you consider buying a home, sit down with a professional--a loan counselor at your bank or a representative from the U.S. Housing and Urban Development, for instance--and discuss your options. Have tax and income documents ready, as well as a list of your expenses and a copy of your credit report. According to CNN Money, you should try to find a home that is two and a half times your yearly salary. So, if you have a yearly salary of $40,000, you should not choose a house that costs more than $120,000. However, if you have large loan payments or other expenses, you may not want to, or be qualified to, go that high. Ask the professional to help you get a good picture of your earnings, expenses and how they would change if you bought a home.

Home's History

A beautiful home on several acres of green yard might look appealing, but that pretty picture could be hiding problems that will cost you thousands of dollars and hours of lost sleep in the long run. According to the American Association of Realtors, you should find out as much as you can about the home before you buy. Even issues that have been repaired can give you insight into what problems you might be facing a few years down the road. Get a home inspection and carefully go over the results with your inspector. If anything in the home makes you suspicious, don't hesitate to order another inspection from a different company.

Neighborhood

A wonderful home isn't much good if it is in a terrible neighborhood, so find out as much as you can about the neighborhood before you buy. Talk to potential neighbors about any issues the area has been facing, and check to see if there is a neighborhood association or club. Scan newspaper police blotters to see if there is a large amount of crime in the area, and interview principals and teachers at the area schools, if you have children. You might also seek out PTA members or parents of children at those schools to learn more about the climate inside them. The aesthetic appearance of the neighborhood is also important. You probably would not want to move into a home where yours is the only house on the street that is not falling down.

What Comes with the Home

It is customary for home owners to leave some major appliances, like the refrigerator and dishwasher, when they leave the home, but if you see anything else that you like, check if it is for sale. Some sellers won't mind throwing their furniture or decorations in with the home since they are moving anyway. Make sure you and the seller understand exactly what is coming with the home before you sign the contract, and list the items on the contract if it makes you feel more comfortable. Also, confirm the land boundaries and whether outdoor structures, like portable sheds and above-ground pools, will be included before you sign on the dotted line.

"Annoying" Factors

Every home has its annoyances: the third step creaks, or the neighbor's cat likes to lounge on your porch. Even if you are moving to a brand-new home, there are bound to be some annoying factors about your new home and your new location. However, try your hardest before you buy your home to know the difference between small annoying issues and deal breakers. For instance, the American Association of Realtors notes that extra traffic and noise caused by a school might not be something you are willing to deal with. Further, consider how having a difficult-to-remodel home will affect you in five years. Visit the home you are planning to buy as many times as you can; stay overnight if possible. Look for anything that would bother you on a daily basis, and if you find something, look for another home.

Tags: home before, American Association, American Association Realtors, Association Realtors, beautiful home

How Much Does A Radiation Therapist Make

Radiation therapists serve an essential role as assistants to oncologists, providing radiation to patients, monitoring treatment and keeping records. The range of salaries varies with the educational level of the therapist and the venue at which the therapist is employed.

Salary Range

Salaries for radiation therapists in the United States range from around $44,000 a year to $74,000.

Average Salary

According to the American Society of Radiation Therapists, the average salary of a radiation therapist working in the United States is $56,500 per year.

Education Level

Salaries for radiation therapists are dependent on education levels. One-year certificates in radiation therapy are issued by some institutions, and other radiation therapists hold bachelor's degrees from four-year institutions.

Job Sites

Where a radiation therapist works--at a hospital, clinic, university or other venue--directly impacts salary.

Experience

Radiation therapists with ten years' experience can generally expect to make almost double the salary of a novice in the field, depending on where the therapist works.

Tags: radiation therapist, Salaries radiation, Salaries radiation therapists, United States

Choose Herbs For Cyst Home Remedies

Learn Choose Herbs for Cyst Home Remedies

A cyst is described by doctors as being a closed sac filled with waste material from the body. Cysts can be found anywhere on the body, but are more frequent in women in the uterus and breasts and are thought to be related to estrogen levels. Cysts may develop on the liver and on the skin as well. Cysts are benign and are not removed unless they interfere with another organ. Cysts often develop in the female adult, indicating an imbalance in the hormones that control the female reproductive system.

Instructions

1. Apply frankincense oil topically. This herbal oil has been considered for centuries to be good for the female reproductive system, especially the uterus. Because frankincense regulates production of estrogen hormone, it reduces post-menopausal cyst formation.

2. Cure cycts with garlic. Garlic contains components known as bioflavanoids that prevent estrogen loss. Garlic is also known to dissolve cysts.

3. Regulate hormonal levels with don quai has been called the "female ginseng" because of its action on female hormones. By regulating hormone levels, it prevents the eruption of cysts.

4. Shrink your cysts with dandelion. Organic cures for liver cysts include many herbs but always dandelion. Dandelion is effective in shrinking cysts and tumors and preventing them from becoming malignant.

5. Treat your cysts with goldenseal. This is a powerful herb that affects female hormones. It is considered to be a tumor-dissolving agent and also regulates menstrual bleeding.

Tags: your cysts with, Choose Herbs, Choose Herbs Cyst, Cyst Home, Cyst Home Remedies, cysts with, female hormones

Funny Ideas For Adult Halloween Costumes

Have a funny Halloween this year.

Halloween is the one night of the year when even adults can act up, and dress up, as scary, strange or just plain silly as they want. Whether you are taking the kids trick-or-treating or heading out for a night on the town, make yourself stand out from the crowd this year by dressing up in a funny costume.

Medical Experiment

Keep all the other guests at your Halloween party laughing by dressing up as someone who has donated his or her brain to science. Begin by wearing a hospital gown or doctor's scrubs. If you cannot find either of these outfits, wear any pajamas that you have in your bedroom. With an eyeliner pencil, draw a dotted line from one end of your forehead to the other, just as a doctor would when he marks where to cut before surgery. Paint your face white to appear as though you were dead, and wrap your entire head in gauze that has been splattered with fake blood. As a finishing touch, clean out a large glass jar, fill it half full of water, and place a fake brain inside; it can be purchased at a Halloween specialty store. Carry the jar around with you, and tell everyone in your best zombie voice that you have donated your brain to science this year.

Bloody Fairy Tale

This costume can work for any fairy-tale character that could have, or has met, a bloody, unfortunate ending, including Little Red Riding Hood, Hansel and Gretel or Rapunzel. For instance, Rapunzel could have had her hair ripped out of her head and her neck broken by her handsome prince when he attempted to climb her hair to rescue her for the tall tower. To achieve this look, cut the hair of a wig very short and unevenly, and cover it with fake blood. Wear a brace around your neck and a beautiful princess gown that is covered with blood. Hansel and/or Gretel could head to the party covered in soot, wearing outfits that have been singed in the oven of the evil witch.

Couples Costumes

When heading out with your significant other, go for a suggestive look to your costume. The idea is to be naughty without being overtly disgusting. For instance, you could go dressed as a socket and an outlet, a piece of celery and a bowl of dip or a hot dog and a bun. If you are dressing up to go trick-or-treating with your kids, keep the costume clean by dressing as traditional clowns, or step out as your kids' favorite cartoon adversaries, from Dora and Swiper to Tom and Jerry, and play-fight for all the other kids.

Tags: that have, this year, brain science, could have, fake blood, Hansel Gretel, with fake

What Is Stromal Tissue In The Breast

Stroma is the name of the supporting cells and connective tissue of the breast. Dr. Margaret M. Grimes, a surgical pathologist, explains that the female breast consists of 6 to 10 major duct systems. Each system contains numerous lobules, which consist of terminal acini and ductules. Adipose tissue and supporting stroma surrounds these ducts and lobules.

Identification

Stroma cells do not become cancerous but many doctors believe that nearby cancer cells often signal the stroma to change its gene expression, according to the California Breast Cancer Research Program

Potential

In fact, researchers who conducted the study titled "Breast Stromal Genes Act as Early Markers of Malignancy" strongly believe nearby cancer cells can significantly influence the stroma to the extent that the amount and presence of stroma alters the amount of proteins secreted can change.

Benefits

By detecting these changes in stroma, many doctors believe that breast cancer detection can occur earlier to aid them in predicting the disease progression risk.

Theories/Speculation

The Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov explains that stromal components in the breast are crucial in tumor regulation.

Composition

Not being sheathed in a membrane makes stroma more accessible to antibodies, which often occurs when it comes to pre-invasive tumors. Stroma is more exposed to the blood supply

Tags: believe that, cancer cells, doctors believe, doctors believe that, explains that, many doctors, many doctors believe

Look Wrinkle Free In Your 40'S Without Botox Or Surgery

Look Wrinkle Free in Your 40's Without Botox or Surgery

Every woman can look wrinkle-free and can have a good looking skin even in her 40's, without using Botox or cosmetic surgery.This is possible if she starts skin care procedures during teenage or as soon as possible.

I'm not even in my thirties,but i followed most of the advice in this article and it works.I'm told everyday that I look younger that my real age. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Start taking care of your skin when you are as young as 12-13 years old.Starting this age, you should apply a hydrating cream on your face every day.If you are still fighting with acne,make sure you get the best treatment possible,and be careful to not be left with acne marks.

2. A very important step in taking care of your skin is sun protection.Every dermathologist advise people to use sunscreen and avoid excessive sun exposure, and still so many people are very careless about that.The result is skin cancer,spots, and wrinkles.

Use a day cream with a SPF at at least 15, and if you are going to be exposed in the sun for a longer time, use a higher SPF.Today you can find SPF creams with a protection factor of 90 or even 120, and the best thing is that they are not greasy anymore.There is no excuse for not using them.

3. Avoid sun exposure.Magazines and comercials promote the idea that having a "sun-kissed" skin is healthy and more beautiful, but they are doing that in order to promote tanning products and procedures.You can be sexy and beautiful even with a pale skin- look for example at Dita von Teese.She'll have a great skin even in her 50's mostly because she avoided sun exposure.

The "sun-kissed" skin is only a fad, are you willing to pay for it with your skin?

4. Wear sunglasses and a hat; in this way you'll have a lower chance of depeloping "crow-feet" wrinkles near your eyes.

5. During your 20's start using a night cream, and an eye cream.Choose a night cream and an eye cream that fit your skin.You can start using a anti-wrinkle cream in your 20's.Contrary to common belief, it's not to early to use a anti-wrinkle cream in your mid 20's.It's best to use a anti wrinkle cream BEFORE the wrinkles start to appear;after that it's going to be too late.

6. Never go to sleep before taking off your makeup, even is a "mineral" makeup.Use cosmetic masks from time to time;find a good cosmetologist and go to her office every month for a facial massage and a cosmetic treatment.If you are on a tight budget, prepare your own masks and apply them regularly.

7. In your 30's, you should start a more intensive skin care routine.Start using more expensive (and better) skin care products-as much as your budget allows.Get enough sleep and forget about late nights out.

8. *Don't smoke!Smoking will make your skin appear at least 10 years older.Also avoid passive smoking.

Tags: your skin, cream your, skin care, Your Without Botox, anti-wrinkle cream, anti-wrinkle cream your

Drugs That Will Help You Gain Weight

Several drugs have been implicated in mild to extreme weight gain for patients seeking therapies for other unrelated conditions.

Several pharmaceuticals have been shown to induce weight gain; although, not many of them were designed for this purpose. Antidepressants, antipsychotics, antimaniacs and antidiabetic drugs have been implicated in mild to extreme weight gain for patients seeking therapies for other unrelated conditions. Always consult with a health-care professional before using any pharmaceutical for any purposes.

Amitriptyline, mirtazapine and paroxetine

A review article appearing in the October 2010 issue of the "Journal of Psychiatry" investigated antidepressant drugs that reputedly can induce weight gain. The authors conducted a review of the medical literature to clarify the often contradictory published studies by searching several medical databases with brand names of antidepressant pharmaceuticals. The authors recorded the average weight changes and standard deviations for each and performed quantitative analyses. They found that amitriptyline, mirtazapine and paroxetine were correlated with an increased risk of weight gain and cautioned that particular patients may be at risk for obesity-related complications including type II diabetes, arteriolosclerosis and coronary artery disease.

Serotonin

A study published in the March 2010 issue of "Developmental Psychobiology" investigated the effects of serotonin on feeding behaviors in an experimental group of rats. The authors used rats that were handled as newborns and noted that they had an increased appetite for sweet foods as compared to rats that were not handled. A common medication to increase serotonin concentrations in the blood are known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The study found that increased levels in serotonin were directly correlated to the risk of increased weight gain. In a second experiment, they divided the handled rats and fed half of them with a drug called imipramine that reversed this process and found that the rats receiving imipramine reversed the weight gain caused by increased serotonin levels by 60 days of treatment.

Lithium, carbamazepine and valproic acid derivatives

A study on weight gain involving almost 10,000 children and adolescents ws published in the December 2010 issue of "Primary Care Companion of the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry." The authors used both a control group, those participants who received antimaniac medications, and an experimental group who were not medicated. The authors specifically investigated the effects of lithium, carbamazepine or valproic acid derivatives and found that the group receiving antimanic drugs was significantly more likely to be diagnosed with weight gain and obesity.

Human growth hormone

The March 2011 edition of the "Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism" investigated the growth and weight gain response to treatment with human growth hormone, hGH. The researchers used a total of 3215 children, who were born prematurely, and divided them into one of two groups: the preterm group, born between 33 and 37 weeks; and the very preterm group, born at less than 33 weeks gestation. The study found that treatment with hGH substantially induced weight gain in both groups.

Aripiprazole

Aripiprazole is a drug therapy used to enhance the effects of antidepressants for treating major depressive disorder, MDD. In the February 2011 issue of "CNS Drugs," researchers evaluated the weight change effects of aripiprazole over three six-week clinical trials. The study found that the drug was well tolerated with few side-effects and indicated minimal weight gain.

Tags: weight gain, found that, 2010 issue, have been, study found, study found that

Troubleshoot A Kodak M753

Troubleshoot a Kodak EasyShare M753 in just a few minutes.

The Kodak EasyShare M753 is a point-and-click 7 megapixel digital camera with image stabilization and high-definition still capture. Because of the complex components within the camera, breakdowns may occur. You can troubleshoot the EasyShare M753 in just a few steps.

Instructions

1. Remove the battery from the lower compartment (by sliding the battery cover out) if the camera does not turn on or off. Make sure the battery is a recommended model for the EasyShare M753 and re-insert the battery with the contacts down. Plug the camera in to allow the battery to charge fully.

2. Remove the battery and clean the contacts with a soft, dry cloth if the battery life seems short. Turn off camera sounds by clicking the "Menu" button, highlighting "Setup" and clicking "Ok." Highlight "Sound Volume" and set it to "Off" to preserve battery life.

3. Turn the camera off by clicking the "On/Off" button located on the top of the camera if the camera freezes when removing the memory card. Leave the camera off before removing or inserting the memory card.

4. Transfer all pictures to the computer via the Kodak software and reformat the card if your pictures appear corrupt or garbled.

5. Check the image storage location (SD card or internal memory) if you cannot review pictures. Click the "Menu" button on the back of the camera, highlight "Image Storage" and change the storage location.

Tags: EasyShare M753, battery life, EasyShare M753 just, Kodak EasyShare, Kodak EasyShare M753, M753 just, memory card

Medical Checkup Checklist

A medical checkup checklist can act as your personal medical history.

Medical checkup checklists make it easy to keep track of when a procedure was done, why and what the results were. Checklists especially come in handy if you see multiple doctors; they can verify that all the necessary tests have been completed and by whom. While doctors keep extensive medical histories on their patients, they can be scattered through pages of the medical file, making it difficult to see everything immediately, clearly and side-by-side.

Tests

A medical checkup checklist should list all tests recently conducted and their results. Note any abnormalities or concerns regarding the tests. Include the dates the tests were performed and if they need to be repeated at a later date. Common checkup tests include cholesterol tests, pap smears, blood pressure, height, weight, bone density, prostrate, blood tests, and hearing and vision tests. In addition, any special tests that may have been done such as biopsies or allergy tests should also be noted on the checklist.

Symptoms

Sometimes symptoms that do not appear related actually are. It is very important to keep a list of symptoms and complaints to ensure that you are getting the best care possible. Included in this list should be when they occurred, how long the symptom lasted and the actions taken to correct the symptom.

Questions

Questions often present themselves after the appointment with your doctor is over, but trying to remember the question until your next appointment can be difficult. Noting the question on your checklist can help ensure that it gets answered.

Tags: ensure that, have been, medical checkup, medical checkup checklist

Grants For Medical Residents

Grants for medical residents may fund the practice of medicine in rural areas and third-world countries.

Grants geared toward medical residents can help give them a deeper understanding of their chosen area of practice, gain exposure to medicine in different parts of the world or serve people who are in particular need of medical care. Organizations offering grants include governmental bodies, universities and professional associations.

Vanderbilt University Institute for Global Health (VIGH)

Previously funded Fogarty fellows have conducted research in places as far-flung as Kenya and Argentina.

The Vanderbilt University-based Fogarty International Clinical Research Scholars-Fellows Support Center offers the International Clinical Research Fellows Program. Applicants may be post-doctoral or post-residency students or current medical residents from either the United States or low- to upper middle-income foreign countries. The fellowship pays for the student to conduct research in a low- or middle-income country for one year. Fellows must collaborate on a research project with an institution in the foreign country. The project must fall within one of the program's supported areas, which include heart-related disease, sleep disorders, ophthalmology, mental conditions, infectious disease and cancer. Fellowship benefits include a stipend of $45,000, a fully funded orientation week, health and evacuation insurance, travel and administrative funding, as well as training and research support funding.

Vanderbilt University Institute for Global Health Fogarty International Clinical Research Scholars-Fellows Support Center

Vanderbilt University

Nashville, TN 37240

615-343-3555

fogartyscholars.org

Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)

Radiology residents may apply for Radiological Society of North America grants.

The Radiological Society of North America offers one-year Research Resident/Fellow Grants to radiology residents who are members of the society. The program's goal is to give early career researchers the opportunity to carry out scientific investigation under the mentoring of an established scientist. The program offers a stipend of $30,000 for research residents or $50,000 for research fellows. Eligible applicants are radiology, radiation oncology or nuclear medicine residents at North American colleges or universities, with research residents having completed an internship year and another six months of residency. Fellowship grant applicants should be in the last year of residency. Applicants must also meet criteria concerning conflict of interest and concurrent and previous grants. Grant applications must be submitted online.

Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

820 Jorie Blvd.

Oak Brook, IL 60523

630-571-2670

rsna.org

U.S. Army

The U.S. Army offers grants to enlisted soldiers completing medical school and residency.

The Army Health Professions Scholarship Program (HPSP) offers financial aid to enlisted medical students and residents. The program offers residents with $45,000 per year in grant money along with $2,000 per month in stipend funding. Eligible Army personnel must be U.S. citizens finishing an accredited residency. Enlisted residents in the Army Reserves may also take advantage of the Healthcare Professionals Loan Repayment Program, which repays up to $50,000 of medical school debt. The Active Duty Health Professions Loan Repayment Program pays back loans for active duty soldiers. Residents must compensate the Army by serving for the longer of two years or one year for each year of HPSP support.

U.S. Army Health Care Recruiting Station

495 Summer St., Room 112

Boston, MA 02210

617-753-3015

healthcare.goarmy.com

Tags: North America, Radiological Society, Radiological Society North, Society North, Society North America, Clinical Research, International Clinical

About Post Breast Cancer Back & Hip Pain

Breast cancer primarily affects females, although men can be diagnosed with it too. A patient with breast cancer usually has a tumor or cancer cells that have invaded the glands or ducts of the breast (adenocarcinomas) or the tissue of the breast itself (sarcomas). Breast cancer may be asymptomatic, or a woman may feel or find a lump or skin changes. Back and hip pain are not normal symptoms of breast cancer, unless there are metastases to the bones. However, back and hip pain can be caused by treatments for primary breast cancer.

Back and Hip Pain Before & After Treatment

Back and hip pain after a diagnosis of breast cancer can have different meanings depending on when the pain occurs. Back or hip pain that occurs prior to treatment may be a sign that the cancer has spread to the bone. Back or hip pain that occurs after chemotherapy or other drug treatment begins may be caused by the treatments for the primary breast cancer.

Bone Pain

Pain in the back and hips may be caused by medications associated with treatment of primary breast cancer. Bone and joint pain is common with certain forms of treatment and may be persistent and chronic during the treatment and for a period of time after. However, bone pain can also be a sign of metastases to the bone. It is essential you discuss bone pain with your doctor so he can rule out metastases as an underlying cause of the pain.

Non-Metastatic Causes of Bone Pain

Hip pain and/or pain in other joints is a common side effect of many chemotherapy agents used to treat breast cancer. The chemotherapy may cause this pain due to its effect on nerves, ligaments, joints or muscles. Typically, the pain begins during a chemotherapy session and gets progressively worse each session. This pain will linger between sessions and may last for up to a year or more after chemotherapy ceases.

Tamoxifen, which is often used to treat breast cancer, also causes stiffness in the hips and joints, and pain that resembles arthritis.

Treatment for Non-Metastatic Bone Pain

Your doctor may prescribe NSAIDs (over the counter anti-pain medications including Tylenol) to deal with the non-metastatic bone pain in the back, hips and other bones or joints. If NSAIDs are not sufficient to manage the pain, stronger pain relievers like an opiate or tricyclic antidepressants may be recommended. Massage and heat can also help to relieve non-metastatic bone pain.

Physical therapy and exercise are also important. Swimming and yoga are especially recommended because they allow the bones, including the bones in the hips and back, and joints to get exercise with minimal impact on the body.

Ultimately, time may be the best cure for non-metastatic bone pain.

Metastatic Bone Pain

Pain in the back or hips may also indicate that the cancer has spread to the bones. The bones are a common place for breast cancer metastases, and it is estimated that half of bone fractures that are caused by cancer occur in patients with breast cancer as their primary cancer. Metastases to the bones, including the hip bone and/or bones in the back, can cause back and hip pain.

Treatments for Metastatic Bone Pain

Metastatic breast cancer is not curable, but it is treatable. Laser beam radiation therapy helps approximately 85% of patients to reduce the pain from bone metastases. Tamoxifen may also help slow or reduce the spread of cancer cells in the bones. New drugs, including bisphosphnates, have proven effective at treating bone metastases and extended the survival time for patients with metastatic breast cancer. These bisphosphonates can slow or stop bone destruction and help keep calcium levels at a normal level.

Tags: breast cancer, back hips, bone pain, breast cancer, non-metastatic bone, non-metastatic bone pain

Federal Benefits For Dependents Of Veterans

Dependents of military veterans are eligible to receive health care, compensation and academic assistance.

The United States Department of Veterans Affairs provide benefits for survivors and dependents of veterans who served, died or were injured during or after their active duty term. Veterans Affairs offers a wide range of benefits for spouses, dependent parents and dependent children. Families may be eligible to receive health care in addition to financial compensation and academic assistance.

Dependent Educational Assistance

Veterans Affairs offer academic assistance to eligible dependents. Ideal candidates must be unmarried spouses, children or dependent parents of a veteran who died of a service-connected disability or who had a permanent service-related disability. The Post 9/11 GI Bill provides financial aid for education and housing to dependents of military members who served at least 90 days following September 12, 2001. Tuition and fees are directly given to the school. Dependents receive a basic allowance for housing and an annual book stipend of $1,000 as well. Children of those who died in active duty since September 11, 2001 may also apply for the Marine Gunner Sergeant John David Fry Scholarship. Recipients are eligible for a work-study program in which they receive hourly wages.

Health Care Benefits

Survivors and dependents can receive medical expenses reimbursement for skilled nursing care, mental health, in-patient and out-patient care and prescription medication. Eligible recipients cannot be eligible for TRICARE, a civilian-dependent medical program. Unmarried, surviving spouses below age 55, dependent children, children born with Spina Bifida and those with birth defects are eligible to apply. Veteran Affairs centers offer bereavement counseling to family members of service members who died while serving. The service may be used up to 60 days without charge unless directors approve otherwise.

Dependency and Indemnity Compensation

Survivors are eligible for Dependency and Indemnity Compensation (DIC) if the veteran's demise results from an injury, service-related disability or disease during active duty. DIC recipients receive a basic rate, child support and nursing home assistance. Non-reimbursed medical payments may be accounted for to reduce taxable income as well. Rates for surviving dependents vary and are based on the service member's rank and pay grade. Low-income spouses and children may receive a death pension in addition to compensation. Eligible spouses must not remarry and must have children under age 18. Children under age 23 are eligible for death pensions if they attend a Veterans Affairs approved college or university.

Tags: Veterans Affairs, academic assistance, active duty, compensation academic, compensation academic assistance, Dependency Indemnity, Dependency Indemnity Compensation

What Are The Standard Screening Procedures For Blood Donors

Before donated blood can be given to a hospital patient it must first undergo a series of tests to prevent transfer of diseases. If the blood is found to carry a disease then it is discarded and the donor is notified of the findings. Once the blood has passed the screening, it can be used in hospitals to help those in need.

WHO Screening Procedures for Blood Donors

The World Health Organization (WHO) currently screens donated blood for four major diseases. These include hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, and syphilis. If the donated blood tests positive for any of these diseases, it is discarded. Donors will receive an examination before giving blood. The examination will consist of taking your temperature, blood pressure and pulse reading, as well as a blood count.

Additional testing may be conducted based on the region where you, the blood donor, live. These tests can screen for West Nile virus and other diseases or viruses that may be prevalent in the area.

The additional tests, however, can be costly and are not always administered by donation centers. Some donation centers do not receive enough funding to provide extensive tests and screening.

General Guidlines for Blood Donation

The American Red Cross requires its donors to weigh at least 110 lbs. and be 17 years or older. (Some states allow donors to give blood at 16 years.) Also donors can only give blood once every eight weeks. Students under the age of 19 also have to meet a height and weight requirement for the American Red Cross.

In addition to these guidelines other factors can prevent you from donating blood. These factors include pregnancy, if you have been treated for an sexually-transmitted disease within the past 12 months, if you have sickle cell disease, if you have gotten a tattoo in the past 12 months, or if you have traveled to a region where malaria is prevalent.

Further guidelines note special requirements for people having traveled outside of the United States; check the Red Cross website for more information.

Tags: donated blood, American Cross, Blood Donors, donation centers, give blood

What Is Magnetic Striping

Magnetic stripes on credit cards hold important data.

There are two different types of magnetic striping. One is a phenomenon that appears on the ocean floor; the other is a method of encrypting data on plastic cards.

Ocean Floor Phenomenon

The earth's magnetic field has reversed several times over the past few million years, and magnetic north became magnetic south. One way scientists chart reversals is through the magnetic striping on volcanic rocks on the ocean's floor. When a volcano erupts, the lava forms some rocks that are slightly magnetized. The rocks follow earth's prevailing magnetic field. During periods of magnetic reversal, the magnetization of volcanic rock also reverses. That creates magnetic striping.

Encrypted Data

Plastic cards and documents used for identification and account verification have a magnetic stripe on the back. The stripe is encrypted with data the issuer considers essential, like name and account number. While not absolutely secure, recent improvements in magnetic striping encryption make it exceedingly difficult to access the encrypted information illegally.

Magnetic Stripe Readers

Magnetic stripe card readers are everywhere.

Card readers are at most locations that accept credit cards. If the magnetic stripe becomes demagnetized, it can no longer be read and is useless for automated tasks.

Tags: magnetic striping, credit cards, magnetic field, ocean floor

Strategies For Recruitment In Radiologic Technology Healthcare

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts above-average growth in the radiologic technology field, with favorable employment opportunities in hospitals, diagnostic imaging centers and doctors' offices. Understanding strategies for recruitment in radiologic technology healthcare involves developing a deeper understanding of where radiologic technologists look for jobs so that you can appropriately target them.

Radiologic Technology Training Programs

One of the best strategies to recruit radiologic technologists is to contact the career offices at radiologic technology training programs. The Joint Review Committee for Education in Radiologic Technology has a list of all accredited training programs in the United States; contacting targeted programs in select states will help recruit radiologic technology graduates for open healthcare jobs.

Professional Organizations

Resources developed by professional organizations that represent the interests of radiologic technologists can help a recruiting strategy. Many professional organizations offer job search tips, job boards and classified advertisements in key publications that target radiologic technologists. The American Society of Radiologic Technologists offers a job board at asrt.org as well as classified advertisement space in its journal at radiologictechnology.org.

General Online Job Boards

Most online job boards and recruiting databases feature a healthcare segment, so any part of a recruiting strategy for radiologic technologists should take these resources into consideration. Sites like Careerbuilder, Monster.com and SimplyHired all have special sections dedicated to healthcare jobs, especially nursing and radiologic technology. Their broad, national appeal contributes significantly to a recruiting strategy, even if they are not as specialized as resources developed by the radiologic technology community.

Tags: radiologic technologists, radiologic technology, recruiting strategy, healthcare jobs, radiologic technologists, radiologic technology, recruit radiologic

Analog Vs Digital Office Phones

Office phones have either analog or digital operating systems.

Office phones come in a wide variety of colors, shapes and sizes, and in both digital and analog operating systems. Analog and digital not only refers to the type of phone, but also a specific feature on the phone. This means that a phone can have both analog and digital features.

Analog

Analog is process in which the phone translates audio input into electronic pulses. We have used analog devices for decades, from our land line telephones to televisions that required a accurately angled antenna to clearly receive stations. However, because analog is so simple and has translation size limitations, you can only get so much out of your device before it cannot handle anymore.

Digital

Digital is a more recent form of technology that actually breaks down input signals into binary format, which is then translated into 0s and 1s for sending. The best asset of digital is that it provides clarity by putting the original signal back together as it is meant to be, thus fixing any discrepancies that may have occurred in translation of the audio.

Office Phones

When choosing office equipment, it is extremely important to be sure you have the right type of equipment to get the job done effectively and efficiently. A small office without a lot of telephone calls going in or out can get the job done just fine with analog phones. However, larger offices with telephones that are frequently used may require a digital phone system simply because it can handle a higher amount of data going in and out. Plus, with the added clarity of digital, both employees and customers will be able to more clearly communicate.

Tags: Office phones, operating systems

Georgia Colleges That Offer Teacher Certification

Teachers can impact the lives of many kids each year.

Teachers in Georgia, as in all other states, must be certified to teach in public schools. Teachers also need a bachelor's degree or higher to teach at most schools. Many colleges in Georgia offer degree programs that allow students to obtain both a degree and teaching certification through the same program. Students graduate from the programs ready to legally work as teachers at Georgia public schools.

North Georgia College and State University

The North Georgia College and State University offers a bachelor of arts degree in several different areas of study, including English, biology, physics, chemistry, art, physical education, early childhood education, special education, music and history. All degree programs include certification to teach in Georgia. Master's degree programs are also available and include certification opportunities.

Georgia State University

Georgia State University is a large university located in Atlanta. The university includes the College of Education which offers degrees and programs for students to earn a degree and a teaching certificate in Georgia. Certification options include health and physical education, preschool and kindergarten, early childhood education and middle school. All degree programs also include student teaching, which gives students teaching experience and is also required to obtain state certification.

University of West Georgia

The University of West Georgia is smaller than Georgia State University and also offers a number of education bachelor's degrees. Certification options include secondary education (high school), middle school, health and physical education, early childhood education and special education. Students learn about childhood development and education techniques in the classroom, as well as other topics such as history or a language. They also work with local school children to gain student teaching experience. All degrees include certification. Master's degree programs are available as well.

Georgia Southern University

The College of Education at Georgia Southern University offers alternative teacher certification programs. The programs are designed for aspiring teachers who are not currently certified or who hold a non-renewable teacher certification in Georgia. Students must already hold a bachelor's degree to participate in the programs. The two options offered are a Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) or a non-degree teacher certification. The first option allows students to graduate with a master's degree and teacher certification in Georgia, while the second option provides certification only and no degree. The college also offers traditional bachelor's degree programs that include a bachelor of arts in teaching and Georgia teacher certification.

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Radiologic Technologist Vs Sonographer

Radiologic technologist and sonographers use different methods to capture images of the inside of a patient's body.

Radiologic technologists perform diagnostic medical imaging, such as X-ray and magnetic resonance, under the direction of a physician to diagnose disease or injury. Instead of ionizing radiation or radio waves, sonographers use sound waves to produce an image. While well known for giving an expectant mother the first glimpse of her baby, sonographers can perform other generalized procedures.

Monikers

Other names for radiologic technologists are radiographers, radiologic technicians, radiologic assistants, radiology technicians, and rad techs.

Sonographers also are ultrasonographers. Sonographers who specialize in obstetrics are diagnostic medical sonographers, ultrasound technicians and ultrasound technologists.

Neither is a radiologist, a physician who has completed a residency in radiology and is board certified. A radiologist trains for about 13 to 14 years, whereas radiologic technologists and sonographers can practice after two to four years of courses.

Responsibilities

Radiologic technologists produce radiographic images for physicians to diagnose medical conditions. They prepare patients by explaining procedures, removing jewelry and positioning them for imaging. Rad techs also exercise safety precautions by shielding patients and themselves from radiation. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics says technologists can specialize in medical imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computer tomography (CT), and mammography, which uses low dose X-ray to produce images of the breast for cancer screening.

Sonographers use ultrasonic devices to produce scans, images and even videos and three-dimensional pictures of the organs of the body. In addition to diagnostic medical sonography, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics says other sonographic specialties include abdominal sonography (liver, kidneys, gallbladder, spleen, and pancreas), neurosonography (brain and nervous system), breast sonography, vascular sonography or cardiac sonography.

Training

Radiology technologists usually earn a two-year associate of applied science degree. Some earn a four-year bachelor's degree, while others gain a certificate in one year. Programs cover classroom and clinical instruction in physiology, anatomy, radiation physics, radiation safety, patient care, imaging, medical terminology, patient positioning, medical ethics, radiobiology and pathology, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Sonographers most commonly earn a two-year associate of applied science degree, but can also achieve a four-year bachelor's degree, or, less commonly, a one-year certificate. Training includes anatomy, physiology, basic physics, instrument use, medical ethics and patient care.

Radiologic technologists can cross-train to make themselves more desirable to employers. They can specialize in sonography, although sonographers do not need radiology technician education.

Workplace

Both radiology techs and sonographers can work in hospitals, doctors' offices, diagnostic imaging centers and urgent care facilities.

Earning Potential

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics says the median annual wage for radiologic technologists was $52,210 as of 2008. For diagnostic medical sonographers, the median annual wage as of May 2008 was $61,980.

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Dental Certificate Courses In The United States

Dental professional

There are many dental certificate courses throughout the United States. Some certificates require time in the laboratory, so attending a campus will be necessary. For other types of dental certificate programs, you may be able to take the entire course online. Some schools offer a combination of on-site and online classes. Before committing to any dental certificate program, make sure that the school you're considering is accredited.

Certificate in Dental Assistant

The Mandl School, located in New York City, offers a Certificate in Dental Assistant program that will qualify you to become a licensed dental assistant. The program includes experience in the school's well-equipped laboratory and working in a clinic or dental office. Some of the skills you'll learn are assisting the dentist with the patient, caring for dental instruments, taking dental x-rays, maintaining infection control procedures and front office management. You will complete 42 credits. Course requirements include Law & Ethics for Allied Health Professionals, Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Dental Specialties Procedures and Dental Radiology. To qualify for the program, you must have a high school diploma or equivalent. Mandl School provides financial aid for qualified candidates through federal and state financial aid programs.

Mandl School, The College of Allied Health

254 W. 54th Street

New York, NY 10019

212-247-3434

mandlschool.com/

Pre-Dental Hygiene Certificate

Aiken Technical College in Graniteville, South Carolina, has a Pre-Dental Hygiene Certificate program, the first phase in becoming a licensed dental care professional. The course includes general education classes in English, physical and natural sciences, and mathematics. Upon completion of this phase, you will be awarded a Pre-Dental Hygiene certificate. If you maintained a GPA of at least 2.5, you can move onto Phase II at Midlands Technical College in West Columbia, South Carolina, where you can receive an Associate of Health Science degree in dental hygiene. Upon graduation from Midlands, you'll be qualified to take the Dental Hygiene National Board test and the Clinical Dental Examination. These tests are required before you're awarded a dental hygiene license. Aiken Technical College is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Midlands Technical College is accredited by the American Dental Association

Aiken Technical College

2276 Jefferson Davis Highway

Graniteville, SC 29829

803-593-9231

aik.tec.sc.us/

Dental Lab Technician Certificate

Bates Technical College, with three campuses in Tacoma, Washington, offers a certificate program for a Dental Lab Technician at their downtown campus. The course is accredited by the American Dental Association and the only one of its kind in Washington State. In the college's lab, you'll perform hands-on training in dentures, orthodontics, crowns, bridges and porcelain. During the second year of study, students may apply to work in a local dental laboratory, which can lead to employment upon graduation. To enroll, you must have a high school diploma or equivalent and pass an evaluation assessing your hand-eye coordination and ability to visualize objects in three dimensions. The college offers financial aid for those who can demonstrate need. Bates has two libraries--one each at the South and Downtown campuses--offering computer use and online resources to students.

Bates Technical College

1101 South Yakima Ave.

Tacoma, WA 98405

253-680-7000

bates.ctc.edu

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