Pros & Cons To Universal Healthcare

A 2002 Institutes of Medicine study found that 18,000 Americans die annually due to a lack of health coverage.

The majority of the issues debated in discussions on national health care relate, in one way or another, to the costs and quality of care. There are many countries with longstanding national health care plans that can be looked at for evidence of some of the effects. However, many of these may not be applicable to the U.S., because the U.S. took the unprecedented step of creating a national health insurance system that keeps health insurance companies as a major component of health care.

Quality of Care

Some are concerned that quality of care will suffer or that health care will be rationed under any national plan. It is true that under many national plans that new, experimental or particularly expensive procedures are not covered by national health insurance. In many cases, these procedures are still available but are not covered by insurance, or are covered only on an emergency basis, due to costs. It is also true that in some cases, procedures and treatments may be postponed under national health plans. This generally happens only only in non-emergency, non-life-threatening cases. If it's not an emergency situation, patients may be asked to wait for procedures and treatments. It should also be noted though that in countries without national health insurance, these same procedures and treatments are also not available to those who cannot afford them or get approval for them from insurance companies.

Uninsured

In the United States, as in most countries debating national health care, the uninsured are put forward as the primary reason for implementing national health insurance. Having people suffer because they don't have insurance is tragic. In most cases, though, even those without health insurance will seek medical care and that care must be paid for by someone. For individuals who don't have the means to pay for the care themselves, the costs must be absorbed by doctors, hospitals or government.

Preventative Care

One of the goals of most national health care plans is to prompt individuals to practice preventative medicine. Disease and injury prevention typically costs a small fraction of what disease and injury treatment costs. It is hoped that individuals with health care will be more likely to get regular checkups, and that doctors can steer them toward healthier lifestyles and disease prevention. It is also hoped that when health care is government-funded that government will have an increased interest in promoting public health. In countries with government-funded health care, the "sin taxes" on products associated with health problems, such as alcohol and tobacco, are higher. Whether or not it is due to preventative medicine and national health care, the United States currently ranks 50th in the world in terms of life expectancy. This puts the U.S. significantly behind many countries with national health care, such as Japan, Canada, Australia, the UK and the European countries.

Costs

The cost of health care is a constant debate in countries with national health care as well as those without it. One of the goals of most national health care is to reduce health care costs by a combination of controlling costs through negotiations with health care providers and pharmaceutical companies and by eliminating the profits of insurance companies and the costs incurred by medical providers in dealing with insurance companies. Because the new U.S. system has opted to keep the insurance companies, it is unclear how this will impact costs. As of 2004, though, the U.S. was paying more for health care, as a percentage of GDP than most developed countries. There is no such thing as free health care; health care costs are paid for by patients, insurance companies or taxpayers. The arguments with regard to national health care revolve around who pays, when and how much.

Tags: health care, national health, national health care, health insurance, insurance companies

Stay Healthy

Stay Healthy

Your diet is a bank account; spend your calories wisely on "good investment" foods. Good investment foods consist of high-volume, high-density, high-fiber foods that fill you up on less. Soups, salads, vegetables, whole grains and beans are great examples of good investments. Here are some tips that incorporate good investment foods with other ways to stay healthy.

Instructions

1. Don't beat yourself up. Food isn't your friend, nor enemy, so you aren't bad when you overeat, nor good when you don't-this mentality leads to bingeing. If you go overboard, just dust yourself off and start over, instead of punishing yourself-leaving a bigger mess to clean up.

2. Don't compare yourself to anyone else. Our society has given us several unrealistic role models. Fortunately, JLo, Beyonce, Tyra, Jennifer Love Hewitt and Kim Kardashian are the new hotties embracing their curvy figures. Only dogs like bones. Men like curves.

3. Negotiate with yourself-as in checks and balances. This mentality allows us to have everything, just not everything at the same time. If you know you want dessert with dinner, do not have a sweet treat during the day. If you know you want pasta or carbs or alcohol at one meal, stay away from it at the other.

4. Serve smaller portions. Serve food on smaller plates. You will be able to eat more indulgent foods if you eat less. Ordering an appetizer as an entree will allow you to sample indulgences such as crab cakes, as long as you pair it with a vegetable or salad.

5. Use only real ingredients. Don't use any manufactured foods or anything with ingredients you can't pronounce.

6. Cook with color. The brighter the natural color, the more healthy and loaded with antioxidants a food is. Spinach, sweet potatoes and blueberries are perfect examples.

7. Cook using local and in-season ingredients. They are healthier because they are fresh from the farm instead of being shipped thousands of miles ahead of time and being picked prematurely. A summertime peach is a better choice than a pineapple shipped from hawaii.

8. Cook more raw foods. Raw foods have live enzymes that give you that overall glow that extremist raw foodists have. Make small changes and substitute cooked vegetables for salads.

9. Prepare ahead. Choose a cooking day, buy disposable containers and prepare healthy meals and snacks for the week. Also, cut up fruits and vegetables making them more convenient. If it is already done for you, you might forego something packaged and fattening. When flying, don't rely on fattening plane or airport food. Think ahead.

10. Plan! Plan! Plan! Keeping fit is about planning. Your diet is a bank account, so spend your calories wisely.

11. Spoil your appetite. If you are going to a party or out to dinner, prepare an apple or whole grain bread with nut butter so you don't eat everything in sight at the party. Even eating a healthy snack before dinner will save you from overeating. Cancel your membership to the clean plate club. Make a concerted effort to leave food on your plate.

12. Do exercise that calms and clears your mind. Even though yoga doesn't make you drip in sweat, it calms the mind from "food noise" and prevents overeating.

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Prepare For A Dexa Scan

Dexa Scan tests are similar to X-ray tests. They are used to test bone density and analyze whether a patient has osteoporosis or osteopenia. They are accurate and can show bone loss at less than 20 percent. They do not generate the same exposure as regular X-rays and are considered safer. This test generally costs about $250 and is covered by most types of medical insurance and Medicare.

Instructions

1. Stop all calcium supplements. You must refrain from taking any calcium supplements that you take regularly at least 48 hours before your scheduled Dexa Scan test. These calcium supplements can skew the Dexa Scan test results. You can continue to eat your normal diet as this will not affect the test results.

2. Remove jewelry. Dexa Scan tests are still similar to X-rays, and you are not allowed to wear any type of metal while having the procedure done. This includes earrings and any other jewelry, regardless of where it is on your body. You may want to wear clothing that is not clingy and is comfortable on the day of your test. Choose clothing that also does not contain any metals such as zippers, metal buttons or belts.

3. Inform your technician of any injuries you have had, including back and hip injuries. This will ensure that these injuries are not mistaken for new fractures due to brittle bones. You also need to make sure that you inform the technician of any tests you have had recently that involved barium, contrast materials or any dyes. There is a minimum 10-day waiting period between Dexa Scan tests and any other radiological tests.

4. Inform the technician or your doctor if you know you are pregnant or suspect you might be. X-ray tests are generally discouraged for pregnant women.

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Beginning Pay For Resident Nurses In Hawaii

Beginning Pay for Resident Nurses in Hawaii

Beginning salaries for nurses in Hawaii depend on several different factors, including the type of degree obtained, the medical setting worked in and what field is chosen.

History

Nursing is known as both the art and science of promoting optimal health for individuals, families and communities. Nurses are a vital part of the medical community and are in demand throughout all of the continental United States as well as in Hawaii. The nursing industry in Hawaii has become a thriving job market. Starting pay for nurses in Hawaii can vary but in most cases is a very satisfactory salary.

Types

The nursing field has several different types of nurses and specialties. Starting salaries for nurses in Hawaii will depend upon several factors, including what field and specialty is chosen. Nursing positions include nurse practitioner, registered nurse (RN), licensed practical nurse (LPN) and licensed vocational nurses (LVN). Mental health, emergency room care and intensive care units are a few of the fields these degrees can be used in.

Education

Starting pay for nurses in Hawaii depends on what level of degree is obtained. A bachelor's degree in nursing is known as a BSN and generally takes four years to complete. A two- to three-year associate degree in nursing is an ASN. Nurses in Hawaii with these degrees can work in several different settings, including hospitals, doctor offices and hospices. Hawaii Community College, Hawaii Pacific University and University of Hawaii are a few schools in Hawaii that offer nursing education.

Significance

According to many job search engines found online, beginning salaries for an RN is approximately $30 an hour. Starting salary for an LPN is approximately $15 to $20 an hour. As a nurse gains more experience, pay is generally increased every six months. Shifts usually last anywhere from 8 to 12 hours. Starting salaries for nurses in Hawaii can increase according to what type of schedule the nurse desires. Weekend shifts and night shifts often have a shift differential pay of $1 to $3 per hour.

Considerations

Many nurses choose to be traveling nurses. This can be an attractive option for nurses who want more control over career options and look to gain experience in a wide variety of different settings. Nurses who travel to Hawaii can take advantage of several perks and benefits. Starting salaries for traveling nurses in Hawaii can range from $24 to $40 an hour. Benefits can include excellent insurance packages, paid housing and top pay. There are several agencies that can be found online and in other nursing resources that can assist nurses in Hawaii who choose this option.

Potential

Choosing a career in the nursing field can be very rewarding. Beginning salaries for nurses in Hawaii will always differ according to the degree earned, the field chosen, the facility worked in, and the hours and shifts worked. With experience and education, nurses in Hawaii can make an excellent starting salary that will increase greatly with time and dedication.

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How Often Should A Woman Of 70 Have Mammograms

Women who are 70 years old are at high risk of developing breast cancer and should receive regular mammograms. A mammogram is a type of x-ray test that is performed to detect abnormal changes in breast tissue. The results of the mammogram are either viewed through a black and white x-ray photograph or sent to a computer to be viewed by a doctor. Since breast cancer often has no signs or symptoms it is important for women to get a mammogram especially when they reach a certain age where they have an increased risk of developing breast cancer.

Mammograms

According to the National Cancer Institute an increase in age is the most vital risk factor in developing breast cancer. The majority of all breast cancer occurs in women who are older than 50 and it increases even more in women who are over the age of 60. Women over the age of 50 need to undergo regular mammogram screening every 1 to 2 years. It is very important that older women who are older than 60 get frequent mammograms because it is more common for the breast cancer to spread if it is not found right away.

Risk Factors

Even though age is one of the most vital reasons to get screened for breast cancer other risk factors may make someone at an even higher risk of developing breast cancer. Certain risk factors include; a past diagnosis with breast cancer, a family history of breast cancer, abnormal breast changes, undergoing certain genetic changes, women who began menstruating before age 12 and women who went through menopause after age 55, women who have never given birth and women who did not give birth until they were 30, high breast density, the long-term use of menopausal hormone therapy, radiation therapy before the age of 30, use of the drug diethylstilbestrol, being over weight or obese, women who are not physically active, and women who drink a lot of alcohol have a increased risk of developing breast cancer. It is important for older women as well as women of any age who are at high risk of developing breast cancer to get screened as frequently as possible. You should talk with your doctor if you have any questions or concerns regarding your breast health. Breast cancer is treatable as long as it is detected early on, so it is better to be safe than sorry when it comes to breast health.

Tags: breast cancer, developing breast, developing breast cancer, risk developing, risk developing breast, breast cancer

What Do You Need To Be A Medical Diagnostic Sonographer

Medical diagnostic sonographers are technicians that use diagnostic imaging equipment to diagnose illnesses. Sonographers are required to have proper training, but no formal licensing is required. However, many employers prefer sonographers to be registered with the American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers.

Training and Education Requirements

Medical diagnostic sonographers can get training in hospitals, schools such as colleges and universities and in the military. Although most sonographer programs prefer students to have a science or health background, they also accept those with only a high school education. Medical diagnostics sonographers usually opt to receive a 2-year associate's degree, although 4-year bachelor's degrees are also available. Whether aiming for an associate's degree or a bachelor's degree, sonography students will attend medical classroom lectures and receive clinical training. To earn either degree, students must have a sound understanding of anatomy and methods of scanning different body parts by taking courses in general physics, abdominal and vascular sonography, obstetric sonography and fetal anomalies. Along with classes specifically for sonography, students must also take and pass other math and science courses such as algebra and advanced physics.

Certification Requirements

Before becoming a registered medical diagnostics sonographer, interested candidates are required to pass two comprehensive examinations to earn the RDMS credential from the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography, as well a credential for a sonography speciality. In Spring 2009, the ARDMS began using a new Sonography Principles and Instrumentation (SPI) examination. Five percent of the questions are on patient care, safety and communication; 20 percent on physics principles; 20 percent on ultrasound transducers; 30 percent on pulse-echo instrumentation; 20 percent on doppler instrumentation and hemodynamics and 5 percent on preventive maintenance, malfunctions and performance testing with phantoms. Once RDMS-certified, registered sonographers can sit at many specialty examinations and accrue certifications for all sonography fields.

Specialities within Sonography

There are numerous types of equipment used by medical diagnostic sonographers, from magnetic resonance imaging to X rays and ultrasounds. Individual sonographers can choose to specialize in a particular practice and can choose between ophthalmologic sonography, neurosonography, obstetric and gynecology sonography, abdominal sonography and echocardiography and vascular technology. These various fields allow sonographers to work with eyes, the brain, the female reproductive system, the pancreas, spleen, gallbladder, liver and kidneys and the heart, respectively.

Employers

Most of the medical diagnostic sonographers in the United States are employed by hospitals. Laboratories and private practice doctors employ the rest. It is anticipated that more doctors and laboratories will employ sonographers as the prices for equipment have come down. Technological advances have also made equipment more mobile and insurance companies are shifting focus to outpatient care.

Employment Opportunities

The demand for sonographers is expected to increase because of the aging population and demand for imaging services. Job growth is anticipated to be faster than average as sonographic imaging is relatively harmless and people continue to look for alternatives to radiological imaging.

Earnings

Medical diagnostic sonographers earn an average income of $57,160 yearly as of 2006. In the lower end of the salary scale, sonographers were earning less than $40,960 and the high end earned more than $77,520. Those who worked in private practice offices earned an average $56,970 annually and those who worked in general medical and surgical hospitals took home $56,850 yearly.

Tags: diagnostic sonographers, Medical diagnostic, American Registry, American Registry Diagnostic, associate degree, Diagnostic Medical

Framer Job Description

Picture frames can bring out the beauty of a picture.

While pictures, medallions and other sentimental objects amaze many with their beauty, many people choose to have their most cherished pictures framed. Some customers buy picture frames designed for anyone to install, while other frames require professional framers to add the pictures and other sentimental objects. These framers can often make custom-made frames that match the customer's style.

Function

Picture frames are often made from scratch. Customers sometimes want a frame that matches their own unique taste. Some pictures are not a typical size and must have specific-sized frames. Furthermore, custom-made frames can protect the sentimental objects from environmental hazards. Some framers are also responsible for mounting a picture frame within a given home. Framers use tenon saws--a saw with a stiffened edge--light hammers, screwdrivers, cutting knives and other tools for building and setting the frame, according to Career Directions. The framer is also responsible for polishing the picture frame.

Training

Generally, the picture framer receives training from another experienced framer. Framers must have artistic sense. They must look at the picture and determine which kind of frame would look best. The picture framer must also work well with measurements to determine the dimensions. The framer must also pay close attention to details. Framers work independently, which requires self-discipline. Framers also need hand coordination.

Conditions

Framers usually work 40 hours a week, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Some of the tools framers use can cause injury if not used properly. However, careful safety precautions can prevent injury. If framers are not in proper physical condition, injury can occur due to the considerable time spent standing and stooping.

Outlook

The need for framers and other upholsterers is expected to grow by seven percent, which is somewhat slower than the national average, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Earnings

Framers can earn $8.53 to $16.16 per hour, according to payscale.com. Entry-level framers can sometimes earn as much as $11.64. They are paid the most when self-employed. They earn the least when receiving an hourly wage from a franchise.

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Recovery From Mortons Neuroma Surgery

Morton's neuroma is a foot condition characterized by a compressed nerve between the third and fourth toes. Usually sharp pain is felt when walking and when wearing shoes that are too tight or that squeeze the toes. Some steps can be taken post-surgery to get your feet and toes back to good working condition.

Increase Blood Flow

Immediately after surgery, start walking at a slow, gentle pace. It is a misconception that you need to stay off your feet. Instead, you will want to get blood circulating to the affected area. Use a soft ice pack or a bag of vegetables to ice your foot in the days following surgery. Try to hold ice to the foot five times a day at 20 minutes per session.

If your doctor prescribes pain medication, it is recommended that you take it, according to the prescribed dose. If you still feel pain after taking the recommended dosage, you can take naproxen or ibuprofen as a supplement for relief. Do not overdose on the prescription medication.

Bathing

The first two weeks after surgery, you may have difficulty bathing. You cannot get your foot wet, so you likely will have to alter your bathing routine. If you prefer to take baths, leave your foot exposed to air as long as it remains perched on the tub. Sponge baths are preferred, as you do not have to be immersed in water. They are generally the safest method of bathing because the likelihood of the affected foot getting wet is less than with other methods. Taking a shower is the most laborious method because your foot must be covered in plastic. If showering is your preferred method of bathing, however, you can buy plastic sleeves with elastic bands at the drugstore to help keep your foot dry.

Healing Time

The doctor will provide special footwear following surgery. Recommended footwear may be a boot or even Crocs, because they are comfortable and expedite the healing process. Do not wear anything other than what your doctor suggests during the first four weeks after surgery. Within that time frame, your stitches will be removed. Besides special footwear, Morton's neuroma surgery does not require much post-surgical care or physical therapy. However, do not engage in any extreme exercise other than walking. As long as you wear the shoes your doctor advises for the duration he recommends, you should be able to wear any shoe of your choice in approximately eight weeks after surgery.

Slight numbness at the surgical site is normal but if there is any pain or discomfort, call your doctor immediately.

Tags: your foot, after surgery, your doctor, weeks after, weeks after surgery

What Is Digital Printing

Digital printing is a relatively recent phenomenon in the centuries-old printing tradition. Its rise has come about largely as a result in the rapid improvement in computer technology and the explosion of personal computer use. In effect, digital printing is taking digital images and printing them onto a surface (generally paper).

Plate-less printing

One of the key ways in which digital printing is distinguished from other printing methods is that it's effectively printing without a printing plate. Most forms of professional printing require the use of some manner of printing plate that is inked, and then that ink is transferred to the physical printing surface. Digital printing involves the direct application of ink to the surface.

Equipment

Digital printing doesn't require expensive or extensive printing equipment. Printing a document or image from a program on a home or office computer on a standard inkjet or laser printer is digital printing. Any printer that can directly accept digital data and print is sufficient.

Cost

Digital printing is significantly less expensive than other forms of printing for individual or small runs due to the very low setup costs for ink, paper and equipment relative to professional printing. Digital printing remains more expensive for most large-scale printing runs.

Applications

Digital printing is commonly used in the print-on-demand industry, personal printing needs (home, student, small business), and for some corporate printing needs (usually in-house).

Program Developers

There are many programs available from Kodak Eastman, IBM, HP and Xerox for commercial-level digital printing.

Tags: Digital printing, printing needs, printing plate, professional printing

Interpret The Pap Test

Interpret the Pap Test

Even if you dread your yearly visit to the gynecologist, you still go, because you know regular checkups are an important part of your health and well-being. Getting a Pap smear once a year is the best method of early detection and prevention of cervical cancer. Sometimes your Pap test comes back with the scary-sounding result of "abnormal." What does it mean? How can you understand your Pap test results?

Instructions

1. A Pap test result of "Negative" means there are no abnormal cells, and no signs of pre-cancer.

2. "Atypical Squamous Cells (ASC)" means that there are some abnormal, but not necessarily precancerous, cells on your cervix (squamous cells are the cells on your lower cervix). Other common causes of abnormal-looking cells are vaginal irritation or a yeast infection, and having a Pap smear while menstruating or before menstruation has completely finished. Ask your doctor if you need retesting or further examination.

3. "Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion" or "LSIL" means that there are mild precancerous abnormalities on some cells.

4. "High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL)" means there appears to be moderate to more serious precancerous changes in some cells.

5. "Squamous Cell Carcinoma" indicates that cancer is present.

6. The cells in your upper cervix that produce mucous are called glandular cells. A Pap result of "Atypical Glandular Cells" means there are abnormal glandular cells that could indicate cancerous or precancerous cell growth.

7. A result of "Adenocarcinoma" means that cancer is present.

8. With all of the above results (with the exception "Negative"), you must consult with your doctor about further treatment and evaluation.

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Free Cancer Treatments

The normal cancer treatment routes for cancer sufferers sometimes are not an option. A lack of insurance or strength to go through chemotherapy might be the reasons, but there still might be free treatments available that could help.

Bacterial Treatments

You can qualify for a free cancer treatment when physicians and scientists are experimenting with new therapies. As of 2009, bacterial treatments were being tested. The treatments use steroids, which "infect" a cancer tumor with bacteria. The bacteria then consumes all of the oxygen from the tumor, making it unstable and eventually dying. Universities testing new treatments often are looking for test groups.

Gene Therapy

In the experimental stages as of 2009, gene therapy is used for cancer suppression. The process involves introducing genes into tumors to suppress their growth. Doctors conducting clinical trials need patients.

Photodynamic Therapy

Doctors testing this non-invasive treatment as of 2009 used a delicate combination of ultraviolet light and drugs that are made to react when the body comes in contact. These drugs are called photosensitive drugs. Like gene therapy, photodynamic therapy is experimental for cancer treatments.

Tags: cancer treatment, gene therapy

What Are The Symptoms Of Blood Clots In The Wrist

The wrist is an area much like the shoulder, where a variety of movement is necessary in normal use. Rotation of the joint as well as lateral movement can cause an extra amount of stress not only to the muscles and tendons that make up the structure of the joint, but also to the nerves and blood vessels that serve the structure. Damage to the wrist area from repetitious movement, trauma or even infection and old age may contribute to extensive pressure on the blood vessels, sometimes leading to thrombosis (blood clotting).

Causes

The arteries that service the wrist can endure significant stress over time, especially when repeated motion exerts pressure in the area. Constriction of blood flow over time may cause damage to these arteries, causing the blood flow to be curtailed enough to result in blockage, which may result in clotting. This is generally considered to be rare by some medical professionals, yet the occurrence of blood clots in the wrist may necessitate the use of MRI or ultrasound examination to identify the problem.

Other Causes

According to The Hand University, the ulnar and median nerves that service the wrist and hand structure pass through what is known as Guyon's canal. This canal is a tube-like tunnel that runs through the wrist, through which the nerves as well as the arteries enter the wrist area. Damage from repeated movement, known as Guyon's canal syndrome, or from trauma to the area can contribute to clotting in the blood as it passes through. While this is also considered to be a rare condition, it may nonetheless occur.

Symptoms

The symptoms of blood clots in the wrist can be similar to symptoms of nerve damage in this area. Generally speaking, a feeling of numbness or tingling may be felt in the wrist or possibly in the hand and fingers. According to the Colorado Hand and Arm P.C., these sensations may also be accompanied by pain or stiffness in the area of the wrist and the hand. The effect is the same on both the nerves and the arteries that service these areas, in that a trauma or other force has caused a stoppage of flow either of nerve signals or, in the case of arteries, of blood.

Other Symptoms

Swelling and discoloration can also be signs of blood clotting. This may not be easily diagnosed as thrombosis, due to the tendency of extremities, such as the arm, to swell naturally from either resting in its natural status (hanging by the side of the body) or from collection of blood in the wrist and hand area when sleeping. Discoloration will likely be in the form of bruising in the wrist area. This will be a more positive indication of a possible blood clot problem, especially in cases where no reported force trauma or injury has occurred.

Conclusions

The range of possibilities for development of blood clots in the wrist area may necessarily suggest a thorough examination by a doctor or other medical professional who is experienced in thrombosis diagnostics when related symptoms occur. While occurrences of blood clotting in the wrist are infrequent, the condition can and will develop in some cases.

Tags: wrist area, blood clots wrist, blood clotting, that service, wrist hand, arteries that, arteries that service

What Is The Difference Between Mris & Pet Scans

Patients who are anxious and confused over the variety of medical tests their doctors perform may find it helpful to understand the difference between the more common tests ordered by doctors. Two examples are the MRI and the PET scan.

MRI Description

Magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, is a test procedure that takes detailed images of the major areas of the body through use of a magnetic field and radio waves. The patient is placed in a machine that contains a strong magnet. The machine is usually long and tubular, although oftentimes only the body part that is being tested is enclosed in the tube.

MRI Uses

Doctors use MRIs to look at the head and brain for tumors, evidence of a stroke, eye damage and other head trauma. MRIs are also useful for finding disease and abnormalities in most organs. Bone and joint problems, such as arthritis, can be discovered through an MRI, as can blocked blood vessels, vein and artery problems and aneurysms.

PET Scan Description

PET stands for positron emission tomography. This test utilizes a substance called a tracer liquid that is introduced into the body intravenously. As the substance travels through the bloodstream, a camera tracks and records the locations of positively charged particles in the tracer.

PET Scan Uses

Doctors use the results from PET scans to diagnose and monitor diseases of the nervous system, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, as well as heart disease. PET scans are also very helpful in discovering and monitoring the spread of many types of cancer.

Advantages Of Each

An MRI can take detailed pictures of a specific organ in the body, such as the brain or heart, or an entire body structure, such as blood vessels or the spine, whereas a PET scan gives a less detailed look at the body but is most helpful in determining organ function and blood flow.

Tags: blood vessels, Uses Doctors

About Menopause Breast Tenderness & Lumps

About Menopause Breast Tenderness & Lumps

If you are peri-menopausal or menopausal your body may react similarly to how it did when you were going through puberty, and first sprouting breasts, or when you were in the first trimester of pregnancy. Both puberty and early pregnancy can result in painfully tender and lumpy breasts. Menopause can, too. Hormones that are running amok can target breast tissue and make a woman extremely uncomfortable, so much so that she can't stand for anyone to touch her breasts, let alone to lie on her stomach.

Fibrocystic Breasts

If your breasts feel tender, sore and even lumpy you may have fibrocystic breasts, according to Healthline. Hormones can exacerbate this condition, which is not cancer. It is a common condition and is not considered a disease.

Tissues Swell and Hurt

The same hormones that control your menstrual cycle can be responsible for making glandular tissue swell, so notes Healthline. When your breasts swell, this stretches the fibrous tissues, which results in soreness and tenderness. Cysts can develop in your breasts due to these hormones, which can result in fluid-filled lumps (the cysts). These tender, lumpy cysts are more noticeable prior to your menstrual period and may be even more noticeable if you are peri-menopausal and your hormones are all over the place. Cysts are not cancerous, for the most part. They are generally benign.

Lumpiness and Tenderness Can Increase During Menopause

Womens-health-co.uk explains that overgrowth of fibrous tissue in the breast, which is called fibrosis, or the increase in cells in the breasts' supporting tissues results in fibrocystic breasts. Ducts in the breasts that normally drain secretions become blocked and this creates breast cysts. It's not unusual for this to happen to a menopausal woman and is associated with hormonal changes. Increasing lumpiness and tenderness can happen as menopause approaches.

Periductal Mastitis

Menopausal and post-menopausal women can develop a breast infection called periductal mastitis. When this occurs, the milk ducts have become inflamed. Symptoms of this include the development of a breast lump; inflamed milk ducts in the areola, which is the skin that surrounds the nipple; nipple discharge or nipple retraction and breast pain.

Water Retention, Hormones at War

Retaining water is one of the reasons that breasts get tender. This problem can get worse during menopause or it may actually resolve itself at this time. It differs with each woman, according to Project Aware. Dr. John Lee notes that fibrocystic breasts are often the result of too much estrogen and not enough progesterone, which is one of the hormonal occurrences that is associated with menopause. He recommends using natural progesterone and taking Vitamin E and Vitamin B6 to prevent breast tenderness.

Tags: your breasts, About Menopause, About Menopause Breast, associated with, Breast Tenderness Lumps

Relief For Breast Pain

You Can Find Relief for Breast Pain

You can find relief for breast pain due to pregnancy, breastfeeding, sensitiveness during certain times of your cycle, or other reasons; right at home. (If your breasts have severe pain though, it lasts for longer than usual, does not seem to be relieved at all by these techniques or you notice any changes in lumps or texture; you need to see your doctor right away to rule out any other serious conditions.)

Ice Packs

Use cold compresses to alleviate tenderness due to swelling during your cycle or from your milk letting down after giving birth. Only use ice packs after pregnancy though if you plan on not nursing or pumping though as it is mainly recommended for those who wish to "dry up" faster. It is also a great trick to help when wanting to reduce your milk when weaning your baby.

Hot Showers

Another great relief for breast pain is to take a hot shower. Turn the setting on the lowest if you can. (If you're water pressure is not adjustable, opt for a warm bath instead, leaning forward if needed to submerge your chest.) Taking a few showers during the day can help some milk come out if you are swollen after giving birth, thereby making it easier to nurse or pump. Only use this method if you are not planning on bottle feeding as it will not help in the process of "drying up". Not just for breastfeeding moms, this also helps alleviate discomfort for any other reason as well.

Moisturizing Lotions

To prevent and find relief for breast pain from irritation due to dryness or tightness, such as nipple tenderness when nursing, or stretching due to a growing chest, use a moisturizing lotion daily. (If you are breastfeeding ask your obstetrician or lactation consultant which ones are safe for the baby.) Using a body lotion as part of your daily beauty routine can keep problems from arising in the first place. A lot of woman fluctuate a small amount in size during their monthly cycle as well as from weight changes throughout their life.

Better Supports

A common cause of chest discomfort is due to women not wearing the right size or style of bra. Double check your size frequently and invest in a few extenders for those times that you may have put on a few pounds or retain water. When engaging in sports or while exercising, you should wear a well fitted sports bra. At all other times, make sure that it supports and lifts you to prevent soreness and sagging. Buying better quality undergarments may be all you have to do to find some relief for breast pain.

Tags: relief breast pain, relief breast, after giving, after giving birth, breast pain, giving birth

Stages Of Ductal Carcinoma

Ductal Carcinoma, or Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) as it is often called, is the type of cancer present in 80 percent of all breast cancer diagnosis. Ductal refers to the fact that the cancer originates in the milk ducts of the breast; carcinoma refers to the fact that the cancer began in the skin or tissue on the breast (in fact, carcinoma is the term used for any cancers that begin in skin or tissue that cover organs). Ductal carcinoma is often said to be invasive if the cancer cells have extended beyond the walls of the milk duct into the breast's tissue. Because ductal carcinomas refer to cancer of the breast, staging is the same as for all breast cancers.

Staging

Cancer is staged using the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system. The system is based on three factors, the "T" factor (which relates to the size of the tumor), the "N" factor (which relates to the extent of lymph node involvement) and the "M" factor (which relates to whether the cancer has spread or metastasized). Because of the three factors, the staging system is also referred to as the TNM system. Ductal carcinoma ranges from between Stage I and Stage IV, with Stage IV referring to advanced metastatic disease.

Stage I

Stage I cancer is diagnosed when the cancer cells begin to invade normal tissue near the ducts in which the cancer originated. In stage 1 cancer, the tumor may be up to 2 cms. The "N" number is 0, which means there is no cancer present in any lymph nodes, and the "M" number is 0, which means there are no metastases.

Stage II

There are two separate stages for Stage II Ductal Carcinoma. The first, Stage II A, may be diagnosed under a number of different conditions. If there is no visible tumor, but there is a presence of cancer in lymph nodes under the arm, it is Stage IIA. A tumor 2 cms or less in length with lymph node involvement is also Stage IIA. Finally, a tumor between 2 and 5 cm with no lymph node involvement is also Stage IIA. There are no metastases present in any of these diagnoses. Stage IIB ductal carcinoma is diagnosed when the tumor has grown to between 2 and 5 cm and there is lymph node involvement in areas under the arm, or the tumor has extended beyond 5 cm, but there is no lymph node involvement. Again, there are no metastases.

Stage III

Stage III has an A, B and C stage. Stage IIIA occurs when there is a visible tumor in the ducts and cancer present in a clump of lymph nodes, or in lymph nodes attached to other structures. Stage IIIB occurs when the tumor has spread to the skin of the breast and/or the chest wall, and when cancer may also be present in clumps of lymph nodes, lymph nodes close to the breast bone, or lymph nodes attached to other structures. Stage IIIC occurs when the cancer has penetrated the breast skin or chest wall and there is involvement of lymph nodes adjacent to the collarbone or breast bone.

Stage IV

Stage IV cancer refers to cancer that began in the ducts of the breast and metastasized to other parts of the body distinct from the breast. Common sites of metastases include the lungs, liver and bones. Once the cancer has spread to other sites in the body, the size of the tumor and the extent of the lymph nodes is irrelevant. Stage IV ductal carcinoma is not curable.

Tags: lymph nodes, lymph node, lymph node involvement, node involvement, cancer present, factor which, factor which relates

Stage 1 Breast Cancer Symptoms

Women and men who experience early stages of breast cancer may put off getting an examination to determine the origin of the symptoms. Even if you have been screened recently for breast cancer, it is still critical that you report any symptoms to your doctor so he can recommend a treatment regiment as soon as possible.

Tumor

The tumor involved in Stage 1 of breast cancer traditionally measures no more than 2 centimeters in diameter. There may one or more tumors located. At this point in the development, the lymph nodes are not yet involved, which means that the cancer is not currently traveling to other parts of the body. The tumors can appear anywhere on the breast or around the underarm area on either side of the patient.

Nipple Sensitivity

Another symptom of Stage 1 breast cancer is that the nipple(s) are tender and sensitive to the touch. The changing in the nipple(s) can either cause pain, or they may cause discomfort with sensation like being pierced with small needles. The nipple(s) also may start to change shape and in the early stages of breast cancer. There may be a slight discoloration that is orange or red in appearance.

Discharge

Some of the symptoms of the early stages of breast cancer can be easier to identify than others, such asa discharge from the nipple. The discharge can vary in consistency and color. It could be a clear liquid with a red appearance because it contains blood, yellowish, or it may be a thicker pus discharge.

Pain Outside the Breast

As Stage 1 breast cancer begins to advance toward becoming Stage 2 breast cancer, some symptoms can be classified with either stage. The most notable of these symptoms is pain or discomfort in the arm that is on the same side as the affected breast. In the early phases, this pain is more of a achy discomfort than a shooting pain.

Transition to Stage 2

If the discomfort progresses into a shooting pain, the patient is moving toward Stage 2. Therefore, it is important to contact a doctor immediately, as the success rate for treating Stage 1 is noticeably higher than for Stage 2 and beyond.

Tags: breast cancer, Stage breast, Stage breast cancer, early stages, early stages breast, stages breast, stages breast cancer

Osha & Hearing Safety

Ear plugs may be required if sound levels are too high in the workplace.

The Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) is a federal department that oversees the safety of employees in the workplace. One of its standards establishes the level of noise an employee may be exposed to and protect employees' hearing if the noise level is too high or prolonged.

Significance

The human ear can detect 400,000 different sounds and is so sensitive that it can pick up soft sounds that cause vibration in the eardrum of less than 1/80 millionth of an inch. Hair cells in the ear are the main receivers of sound waves and loud sounds can damage these cells. If the cells are destroyed by prolonged exposure to loud sounds, the result is hearing loss. Hearing loss cannot be cured, so prevention is key to protecting the eardrum.

Requirements

OSHA requires employers to establish a hearing conservation program if employees' exposure to noise is equal to or greater that 85 dBA averaged over eight hours. The dBA scale measures higher sounds within the range of human hearing. In addition, if the noise levels are above 90 dBA for eight hours, 92 for six hours, 95 for four hours, 97 for three hours, 100 for two hours, 102 for one and one half hours, 105 for one hour, 110 for one half hour or 115 for one quarter hour or less, employers must provide further protection in the form of engineering or administrative controls or ear protectors.

Identification

A noise problem may be present if employees must shout at one another to be heard, suffer ringing in the ear after work or cannot hear normal sounds for a period of time after work. If these conditions are present, employers should conduct a sound survey to determine the need for hearing protection. A qualified professional should monitor sound in the entire workplace to find problem areas, estimate the level of sound that employees are exposed to and measure the noise level of machinery in all modes of operation.

Prevention/Solution

There are three methods to reduce the sound level that employees are exposed to or protect their hearing. Engineering controls change the amount of sound or the direction in which it travels. Replacing a noisy machine with a quieter one, or building an enclosure for that machinery, are examples of engineering controls. Administrative controls reduce an employee’s time near loud equipment. Rotating employees or shutting down equipment when not needed are examples of administrative controls. If these controls do not sufficiently reduce the noise level, hearing protection is needed. Examples of hearing protection are earplugs or earmuffs.

Features

A hearing conservation program is designed to make the employer aware of the levels of sound and to ensure protection of the hearing of all employees. A hearing conservation program monitors the exposure of employees to noise over the course of the day, tests the hearing of each employee for deterioration, provides hearing protection if necessary and trains employees in their use, keeps records of all hearing tests and monitoring and provides those records to the employee.

Tags: hearing protection, conservation program, hearing conservation, hearing conservation program, noise level, after work, eight hours

The Effects Of Gamma Electromagnetic Radiation

Gamma electromagnetic radiation has the highest energy and the greatest potential for damage of all the known forms of radiation. Gamma radiation, also known as gamma rays, can affect both living things and nonliving objects.

Irradiation

Exposure to gamma radiation can kill living organisms that could cause disease. Irradiation is an alternative to autoclave treatment for medical instruments. Irradiation is also used to kill organisms on fruits and vegetables to prevent them from spoiling.

Negative Health Effects

Gamma radiation has an extremely small wavelength and can damage DNA on an atomic level. This can lead to the development of cancer in a person exposed to gamma radiation.

Beneficial Health Effects

Focused gamma radiation is used in hospitals to target and kill cancer cells without damaging the surrounding healthy cells.

Imaging Effects

Because gamma radiation can pass through most matter, it can be used to detect objects and materials behind a solid barrier, such as the contents of a sealed shipping container.

Effects on Stones

Gamma rays can change the molecular structures within some kinds of semiprecious stones and can be used to change the color of some types of stones.

Tags: Effects Gamma, gamma radiation, Health Effects

Language Issues In The Classroom

There are many reasons "y" learning languages is important.

In 2008, The Pew Research Center reported that if current trends continue, the population of the United States will rise to 438 million in 2050, from 296 million in 2005, and 82% of the increase will be due to immigrants arriving from 2005 to 2050 and their U.S.-born descendants. With a greater mix of ethnic populations in schools, language issues in classrooms are becoming more prevalent. This rise is coupled with the increase in technology, which has also added a unique set of complexities to language learning.

Teaching Methods

Both tenured and new teachers have developed instruction formulas. While some of those favored pedagogic methods may be effective for children learning English as a second language (ESL), this is not the case for all. Unless teachers relearn communication techniques for ESL students, these learners may fall behind others in the class and possibly resort to causing disruption for attention. Furthermore, it is important to not only have a repertoire of ESL teaching strategies but also develop an understanding for how the students in your classroom learn languages.

Pedagogic Style

In addition to teaching methods, research has shown that pedagogic style can encourage or discourage language learning. As compared to teachers with more autocratic or didactic styles, educators with a democratic classroom management style appear to practice in a manner that is more culturally friendly. For instance, children in autocratic classrooms often have more silent desk work and fewer opportunities to interact with others. Consequently, vocabulary and language development of students in autocratic classrooms may be stunted.

Lack of Confidence

Some teachers present a lack of confidence stemming from the inability to communicate with students in their respective language. Moreover, the parents of ESL learners tend to be less involved in school functions and activities because they are unable to speak English. In certain circumstances, teachers may even rely on students to translate communications for their parents. At times when parent conferences are needed for reporting academic or behavioral problems, the language barrier can be problematic.

Technological Interference

BTW (by the way), C u l8er (see you later), Lol (laughing out loud)---all of these expressions have evolved as a result of communication via the internet and mobile devices. Although technology has created solutions for some previous communication hindrances, texting and instant messenger (IMing) have also produced a few issues for classroom learning. IMing and texting have punctured the rules predicating spelling, grammar and the construction of complete thoughts. Kids learned the text version way of spelling words before they have learned the proper spelling, and a great number of Internet chit chats are sent without regard to message cohesion or punctuation. This complicates even native English speaking students' ability to effective communicate in their own language.

Tags: autocratic classrooms, language learning

Foot Cramp Relief

A sudden painful cramp in your foot wakes you in the middle of the night. Your muscles have contracted and one or both of your feet may be frozen into an awkward position, with your toes bent under or spread out at odd angles. The cramp also may shoot up the sides or calf of your leg, and all you can think about is stop the pain and relax your twisted muscles.

Why Your Feet Cramp Up

The exact causes of foot cramps are not known. Foot cramps may occur when you do an unusual amount of exercising, such as working out at the gym or walking, as you would do when sightseeing on foot while you are on a trip. Women who are accustomed to wearing flats or low-heeled shoes may experience cramps at night if they change to high heels. Even tight-fitting bedclothes could cause foot cramping by bending your feet into awkward positions while you sleep. Loosen your sheets and blankets before you crawl into bed.

Dehydration is another possible cause. Be sure to drink plenty of water every day for general health reasons, as well as to prevent foot cramps.

Mineral depletion also may cause foot cramps. Consider taking dietary supplements of calcium, magnesium and potassium, or increasing the amount of these minerals in your diet. Mention your foot cramps to your doctor; he may want to do a blood workup to determine if you need mineral supplements.

When A Foot Cramp Strikes

To help relieve a cramp, grab your toes and pull them back toward your shin, bending your foot backward. Hold the position for several minutes. It will hurt, but it may be enough to relieve the cramp.

Walk barefoot on a cold hard surface such as tile or concrete. If your bathroom floor is tile, try pacing back and forth. (You might warn your housemates that you could be walking around your garage or basement in the middle of the night.)

Apply a medicated ointment, such as IcyHot cream, lotion or gel. This topical product works quickly to relieve the pain of foot cramps. Massage the cream or gel into the cramped area. If you are prone to foot and leg cramps at night, keep a tube on your nightstand. IcyHot also is available in patches of several sizes that hold the pain medication on the troublesome spot for hours. (Considering the restrictions placed on air travelers on the sizes and quantities of toiletries they may bring on board, the patches are a suitable alternative if you wish to be prepared when you travel.)

Quinine is an effective relief for foot cramps. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approves quinine sulfate only as a remedy for malaria, so the agency removed quinine pills from drug store shelves several years ago because it was not an FDA-approved remedy for nocturnal leg cramps. A homeopathic remedy called Leg Cramps, manufactured by Hylands, containing quinine (cinchona), is now available in drug stores.

An even quicker quinine remedy is ordinary tonic water (quinine water), the same beverage used to make gin and tonic drinks. It is readily available in any supermarket. If you are prone to foot cramps, keep a bottle of quinine water in your refrigerator. If you are traveling and likely to get cramps from walking, buy a bottle of tonic water to keep in your hotel room.

Throughout the world, quinine is a commonly used ingredient in tonic water and other beverages. In the U.S., quinine is limited to a safe level of 83 to 85 parts per billion in tonic water.

Side effects of quinine sulfate can include anaphylaxis, rash, headache, nausea and dizziness; therefore, use caution when utilizing quinine.

Tags: foot cramps, tonic water, foot cramps, your foot, bending your, cause foot

Interview Tips For Radiology Technologist Positions

Radiology technologists prepare patients for X-ray exams.

Radiology technologists are highly trained professionals perform diagnostic imaging examinations. As of December 2009, the Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that employment in this field is expected to grow "faster than average" due to the increased use of diagnostic imaging procedures. If you are considering a career as a radiology technologist, conduct research about the industry and diligently prepare for the interview process.

Review Your Qualifications

Review your qualifications for the radiology technologist position prior to the interview process so can complete the interview with confidence. Assess your level of experience and determine if your qualifications are enough to meet the demands of the position. For example, radiology technologists are on their feet throughout the day and are often required to lift or re-position patients. Decide if your fitness and strength level is adequate enough to meet the physical requirements of the job.

Depending on the state in which you work, radiology technologists are required to be properly trained, as well as possess a license or certificate. Organizations such as the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists offer certification programs. Prior to your interview, ensure that you have the necessary credentials to perform the job or at least have an action plan that displays your intent to become certified.

Review the Job Description

The Radiology Technologist job description should give you an indication of the responsibilities required for the organization in which you are applying. Compare the job duties with your background and experiences to determine if the organization will be a good fit for you.

Research the details and duties that distinguish this organization from other organizations. Use this information in the interview and be specific regarding the details. For example, if the job description indicates you will be required to process patient charges through hospital computer systems, ask the interviewer if you will receive the necessary training to complete the duty appropriately.

If the description indicates you will work closely with radiologists, ask the interviewer what specific tasks you will be required to perform.

Reviewing the job description beforehand shows the interviewer you did your homework on the company and you are serious about the position.

Prepare Interview Questions

Prior to your interview, prepare a list of potential questions you may be asked that are relevant to the radiology technologist position. You may be asked questions such as "Tell me about a time when you had to follow a physician's orders" or "How do you handle patients who are uncooperative?" Answer the questions the way you would inside the interview and practice the answers so you can answer with ease.

Also, prepare a list of questions to ask the interviewer. Don't be afraid to bring your questions to the interview. Upon entering, ask the interviewer if it is okay to review your notes. In most cases, interviewers will gladly let you refer to your notes. Most are impressed by your level of preparation.

Take Notes

The interviewer may discuss information about the position you were previously unfamiliar with, such as work environment, work hours, salary and benefits, and advancement potential. Don't rely on your memory to recall this information. Ask the interviewer if you may take notes; most will not object and will often wait to continue so you may jot down your thoughts.

Tags: radiology technologist, about position, description indicates, description indicates will, diagnostic imaging

Food That Naturally Enhances Breast Size

Food That Naturally Enhances Breast Size

Women often are interested in increasing their breast size, whether it's because of personal preference or external pressures. There are ways to do this, with the most popular being breast implants, which can be expensive, painful and unhealthy later in life because many women's bodies aren't naturally built to handle large breasts. There are, however, natural ways to increase breast size through diet alone. Though there aren't a large number of these foods and the increase isn't dramatic, it is cheaper and undoubtedly healthier than having an orb of saline inserted into your body. Does this Spark an idea?

Increase in Hormones in Meats

According to The Wellness Mythbuster blog, hormones have been added to meats like beef and poultry to increase breast sizes in teenage girls and young women. And according to Articlebase.com's piece on changing breast sizes, the average natural size for a woman was 34B two decades ago. Now, the average natural size is 36C.

Regulating Testosterone in the Body

Fruits and vegetables regulate testosterone in the body, which allows breasts to grow with the intake of other natural foods or supplements. Vegetables that are high in fiber--along with oats, wheat and barley--can also increase breast size. Other fruits and vegetables, from berries to brussels sprouts, are good for the cells in breasts, helping them regenerate.

Consuming a Variety of Herbs

Another way to increase breast size is to regularly consume large quantities of a consortium of herbs. Fenugreek contains a compound that creates healthy breast tissue. Wild yam is a known breast enlarger and is also considered a sex stimulant. Fennel not only increases breast size but promotes milk production in new mothers.

Sesame Seeds

Sesame seeds have been found to be effective at firming and enlarging the breasts of women. Made up of calcium, protein, iron and phosphorous, these seeds are easy to add to a standard daily diet. The oil from these seeds can also be applied to the breast themselves and is supposed to enhance size and firmness.

Healthy Eating and Slimmer Waist Lines

Soy and low-fat dairy products are known to help increase breast size, and they also slim the waistline, giving the appearance of larger breasts. Generally eating healthy will make a body thinner and breasts fuller, giving the illusion that the breasts are bigger and instilling confidence in a woman regarding her appearance.

Tags: increase breast, breast size, increase breast size, average natural, average natural size, breast size, breast sizes

Find A Free Dentist

It's impossible to calculate the rewards of parenting but let's face it, raising kids is expensive. Discounted or free dental care can help your family's bottom line.

Instructions

1. Contact your local United Way. In many major cities United Way operates a 211 referral system with information about everyting from rental assistance to family counseling. A call to your local United Way 211 will yield information about dentists in the area that can help your kids keep their pearly whites their healthy best.

2. Call your local health department. The health department can be a great asset to your family's physical, emotional and mental health. In addition to providing free or low cost dental care for children, your health department can help you keep immunizations current and provide evaluations and services for children with developmental delays.

3. Check your local newspaper. This is where you will find listings for local health fairs and screenings. Free dental care for children is often provided during such events. Your child will enjoy the costumed characters, live music, food and fun.

4. Call your child's school. Many schools participate in the "Help a Child Smile" mobile dental care program. Dentists in fully loaded vans pull up to your child's school and provide the same care they would receive in a stationary office. Worried about not being there? Don't be; you will receive a full report of the exam and any proposed follow up treatment the very same day. The program offers a sliding scale and accepts Medicaid.

5. Apply for Medicaid. If you are not eligible for the program that provides subsidized medical and dental care, don't give up. Instead, try applying for kid focused insurance programs that make dental/health care accessible and affordable for average families. Contact your local Department of Family and Children Services for more information. Many dentists accept these plans; they provide great care, too.You might also try making a visit to your local teaching hospital. Depending on your income, you may qualify for free or reduced medical and dental care for not just your children but for the whole family.

Tags: dental care, your local, health department, your local United, Call your, care children

Food Ideas For Breast Cancer Awareness Dinners

Pink Ribbons

Breast cancer awareness is vital to society since everyone is directly affected by at least one woman in their lives. There are all sorts of things you can do to help the cause, including holding fund-raising dinners.

Pink Theme

Because pink ribbons are the universal sign for breast cancer awareness, you can carry the pink throughout your dinner from start to finish. Start with the invitations, on pink paper or printed with pink ink. You can tie pink ribbons to the invitations to drive the point home. Everyone can wear pink clothes or accessories and you can decorate with pink streamers, balloons and ribbon.

Appetizers and Drinks

Serving chips with pink salsa is a great idea. You can make the salsa pink by adding strawberries to the tomatoes and other traditional salsa ingredients. Make a salad embellished with strawberries. Creamy soups can be turned to pink fairly easily with the use of food coloring as well. For beverages, you can add pink food coloring to water, sparkling cider, clear sodas or lemonade. Better yet, serve pink (or strawberry) lemonade, red wine, pink grapefruit juice or punch.

Dinner

Pasta with alfredo sauce, dyed pink with food coloring of course, is a spectacular dish. Shrimp with a pink glaze will satisfy everyone's hunger. Hamburgers, hot dogs or chicken can be served with pink colored side dishes such as potato salad, macaroni salad and cottage cheese. Just about any casserole can be dyed pink as well.

Dessert

Pink desserts may be the easiest to make since they're more common. Pink frosted cookies, cakes or cupcakes are a cinch to make. Strawberry mousse, cheesecake, ice cream, shortcake, milkshakes, and plain strawberries and cream are simple choices. You can concoct a large array of pink desserts using strawberries and other berries. Even if you don't host an official breast cancer awareness fund-raiser, gifting these sweet pink treats will still help raise awareness.

Tags: with pink, food coloring, cancer awareness, dyed pink, pink ribbons, with food

Advantages Of Mandatory Drug Tests For High School Students

Random drug testing in schools is a topic that has been debated at length. In the case Board of Education v. Pottawatomie, parents fought against the school's right to drug-test students because they felt it violated fourth-amendment rights. Many schools try to impose drug testing because they feel the benefits outweigh the risks.

Prevention of Drug Use

The primary reason that school officials and some parents fight for random drug testing is that the threat of being tested for drugs at any time will deter students from using any illicit drugs.

Safety

The issue of safety when extracurricular activities occur is another benefit of having mandatory drug testing. Students who partake in sports events may have impaired judgment, which can hinder their performance or pose a risk to not only themselves but the other individuals playing the sport as well.

Curb Future Behavior

Random drug testing identifies students who are currently abusing illicit drugs, whether they are using prescription drugs not for them or illegal drugs, including marijuana, cocaine, crack, heroin or methamphetamine. The logic behind early detection is intervention. If students have a problem with drug use, they can receive proper intervention to avoid future problems and possibly stop all drug use.

Declining Academic Performance

A report by Judy Kreamer, Gary M. Fields, et al, identified that one of the reasons that academic performance was declining was due to frequent drug use. Curbing drug use by testing may increase the performance of students all over the country.

Tags: drug testing, because they, illicit drugs, Random drug

Foods That Will Lower Ldl Cholesterol

According to the American Heart Association, high levels of LDL, or bad cholesterol, cause plaque buildup in the arteries and increase the risk for stroke and heart attack. A healthy diet is key in preventing and reversing dangerous LDL levels.

Fiber

According to MayoClinic.com, soluble fiber reduces cholesterol absorption, and just 10 grams a day is enough to lower LDL levels. Good sources of soluble fiber include oatmeal, beans, apples, pears, bananas, broccoli and barley.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 fatty acids have the power to lower LDL cholesterol and raise HDL, or good cholesterol, which is believed to carry cholesterol away from the arteries. Fatty fish is an excellent source of omega-3s when eaten at least twice a week in the form of salmon, mackerel, trout, herring or sardines.

Nuts

Nuts, especially walnuts, can reduce blood cholesterol with their plant sterols and unsaturated fats. Nuts are calorie-dense foods, so limit yourself to a handful a day of walnuts, almonds, peanuts, hazelnuts, pistachios or pecans.

Plant Sterols/Stanols

Plant sterols and stanols block the absorption of cholesterol. The American Heart Association therefore recommends people with high LDL levels consume 2 grams each day by eating stanol-fortified foods, such as margarine spread, cereal and orange juice.

Healthy Fats

Consuming fewer saturated fats is an important component to lowering LDL cholesterol. Replace them with hearty-healthy unsaturated fats, such as olive oil, nut oils and fish oil.

Tags: American Heart, American Heart Association, Heart Association, high levels, soluble fiber, unsaturated fats

Foods That Prevent Cancer

Cancer claims thousands of lives each year. From breast cancer and lung cancer to colon cancer, this disease affects each gender, race and age. Some cancers can be detected early, giving the patient better odds for survival. There are others, however, that cannot be detected until it is too late and treatment is not an option. Therefore, the key is prevention. The best way to prevent this disease is to eat the foods that have been shown to most effectively prevent it.

Flaxseeds

Flaxseeds contain an antioxidant called lingans that can block and/or suppress cancerous changes in the cells. Flaxseed can be found at your local health food store or in you supermarket.

Blueberries

These tasty treats are not only a great snack, but have the most cancer fighting compounds than any other food in the store. Eating these can help fight all types of cancers.

Tomatoes

Lycopene, an antioxidant found in tomatoes, helps prevent prostate, stomach, breast and lung cancers. They are most effective when a tomato has been cooked.

Grapes

Antioxidant is the name of the game when it comes to preventing cancer and grapes contain one called resveratrol. This helps prevent damage to the cells before it can take place.

Leafy Green Vegetables

These veggies contain carotenoids that kill the floating free radicals in your body before they have an opportunity to cause cancer growth.

Garlic

The health benefits of garlic are endless, but its cancer fighting benefits are priceless. It is especially effective at preventing lung, colon and skin cancer.

Tags: cancer fighting, food store, helps prevent, this disease

Thyroid Carcinoma In Cats

Thyroid carcinomas can arise in any cat no matter the age, gender or breed.

The thyroid gland is commonly described as being similar in shape to a butterfly because it features two lobes of equal proportion on either side of the windpipe (trachea) in the neck. In cats, when cancer occurs it is referred to as thyroid carcinoma. Cats that display the symptoms of thyroid cancer should be seen by a veterinarian for prompt treatment.

Causes

According to Veterinarian Arnold Plotnick of ManhattanCats.com, the cause of the majority of cancers that occur are unknown and this applies to feline thyroid carcinoma. It can be expected that exposure to certain cancer causing chemicals, also known as carcinogens, may contribute to the development of thyroid carcinoma. Certain medications, environmental factors, pesticides or even preservatives in various cat foods also may contribute to the development of feline cancers.

Symptoms

In cats, the thyroid gland is responsible for controlling the body's metabolism. When cancer of the thyroid gland occurs, it often results in increased hormone production, or hyperthyroidism. The symptoms that result become quickly apparent as the cat loses weight or appears to be more wildly active when he may have previously been lazy and laid back. Vomiting, panting and palpable lumps also may be present in feline thyroid carcinomas.

Diagnosis

When a cat is brought in with symptoms of hyperthyroidism or feline thyroid carcinoma, she may undergo several different tests. The veterinarian may run blood tests to detect thyroid levels in the blood, along with a urinalysis. Cats specifically will need a pertechnetate scan to determine if the cancer growth is malignant or benign.

Treatment

Cats with thyroid carcinoma have different options depending on the severity of the tumor and the amount the owner is willing to spend. Some cats may receive radiotherapy, while other cats may undergo surgical removal of the tumor or the thyroid glands. Malignant thyroid carcinomas should be addressed quickly and thoroughly, as they tend to spread into local lymph nodes in the neck and then throughout the rest of the body.

Prognosis

Thyroid carcinoma has a varied prognosis. In the event that the cat was not brought into the veterinarian until his situation was dire, he may not survive treatment. Cats with thyroid carcinoma that is promptly identified and treated may survive for upwards of 20 months or more, according to the Mar Vista Animal Medical Center.

Tags: feline thyroid, thyroid gland, Cats with, Cats with thyroid, contribute development, feline thyroid carcinoma

Breast Lumps Caused By Too Much Caffeine

Types of Breast Lumps

There are two general categories of breast lumps. Malignant (cancerous) lumps are abnormal and often life-threatening growths of cells that doctors try to halt through surgery combined with radiation or chemotherapy. These attempts are not always successful, however.

Benign breast lumps, which can develop in more than 50 percent of the female population, are not a disease but a natural form of tissue change that is usually not dangerous. In fact, many benign lumps dissolve on their own. They also can be drained or surgically removed, and a variety of other surgical measures can help to alleviate the discomfort they cause. A biopsy can determine which type of lump has been detected.

Each general category of breast lump has specific characteristics. A cancerous lump is usually firm to the touch, has uneven edges and can be attached to skin or internal tissue. Changes in skin texture and nipple size may also be noticeable. Benign growths, many of which are identified as fibrocystic lumps, tend be smooth, have even edges and move easily when touched. They're also solid or cystic (change in shape when pressed). How and why these benign growths occur and what irritates them isn't clear and has been the subject of much debate.

Benign Lump Irritation

Efforts to observe what triggers growth and irritation of benign breast lumps has led many physicians and women to assume that benign breast lumps are directly caused or irritated by drinking coffee or other caffeinated drinks. But a variety of clinical studies designed to test this theory did not link caffeine use to benign breast lump growth or sensitivity. Recently, doctors have suggested that caffeine may not directly inflame the lumps but instead trigger hormonal imbalances that do so. This is in keeping with the fact that many women stop reporting benign lump discomfort after menopause, once hormonal imbalances level off somewhat. A study published in the October 2001 journal Fertility and Sterility showed that drinking caffeine significantly increased women's estrogen levels early in their menstrual cycles.

Research published in the American Journal of Public Health suggests that caffeine may indeed spark hormonal fluctuations, which is significant if changing hormone levels trigger breast pain and inflammation. Separate groups of female students at Oregon University and in China exhibited increases in premenstrual symptoms after drinking caffeine-laden beverages. Another study published in the October 2001 journal Fertility and Sterility showed that drinking caffeine significantly increased women's estrogen levels early in their menstrual cycles.

Some research has tentatively linked the use of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, a category of drugs used to treat depression, to breast enlargement and other abnormalities, including cancer. More study is needed to verify this theory.

Prevention and Treatment

Drugs used to control hormone levels, such as Danazol, Tamoxifen and Bromocriptine have helped to quell discomfort, but all have uncomfortable side effects and can interfere with the effectiveness of birth control pills. Estrogen-progesterone therapy has also been effective, but this also has side effects and in some women its use may increase their risk of developing cancer.

Reducing caffeine consumption, avoiding tobacco use and following a low-fat diet all help reduce or eliminate fibrocystic breast lumps. Taking vitamins A, E and B and evening primrose may prove helpful as well.

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N C Medicaid Benefits

N.C. Medicaid Benefits

Low-income Americans often have no health insurance. To help them pay medical bills, the federal government created Medicaid in 1965. It is a program administered by the state governments that grants comprehensive, quality health care coverage to those who might not otherwise afford it. North Carolina offers a Medicaid program to its low-income citizens that includes access to a variety of benefits.

Doctor Services

North Carolina's Medicaid program offers several doctor's services. These include outpatient services such as routine physician care or physical therapy. Any supplies or drugs needed to perform these services will be covered by Medicaid. Medicaid also covers any medically necessary laboratory and X-ray services ordered by a doctor. Most services are free of charge, though some outpatient hospital services require a $3 co-payment.

Hospital Services

Medicaid will cover all necessary inpatient hospital visits in North Carolina, plus all of the qualifying expenses accrued during the visit, such as specialist care and supplies. Medicaid will also cover ambulatory transportation for up to 24 visits a year.

Dental Services

North Carolina's Medicaid program offers full dental coverage. Enrollees can go to the dentist for treatment of any oral diseases or conditions. They can also go to the dentist to maintain adequate dental health and prevent disease and cavities. Those with handicaps related to the mouth are qualified to receive necessary dental procedures.

Preventive Services

North Carolina participates in Medicaid's Early and Periodic Screening Diagnosis and Treatment Program. It's called Health Check in North Carolina. Health Check offers preventive screenings for Medicaid enrollees under the age of 21. The screening includes a full physical examination, nutritional exam, vitals, immunizations, and hearing and vision screenings.

Case Management

Medicaid offers the services of a social worker to provide case management for some enrollees. This includes anyone who has been exposed to abuse or neglect, or been infected with HIV or AIDS.

Transportation

North Carolina Medicaid enrollees who lack access to a reliable source of transportation can apply for non-emergency transportation, which includes vouchers for bus or taxi fare, in order to get to and from a Medicaid covered services.

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Give A Good Lecture

Just the word "lecture" is enough to elicit groans from most people. Nonetheless, there is no reason a lecture needs to be dry and boring or hard to follow. With a few tips, techniques and some practice, just about anyone can give a good lecture on just about any topic.

Instructions

Planning the Lecture

1. Identify your audience: young students, college students, parents, business entrepreneurs, etc.

2. Identify your lecture topic.

3. Determine your time allotment. Consider how long the lecture will last and how much time will you leave for questions or announcements.

4. Outline your lecture material. Clearly state the main point of the lecture first. Next, lay out the supporting points and relative details, including the approximate amount of time you plan to spend on each topic. Finally, wrap up with a clear conclusion that restates the main point of the lecture.

5. Go through your lecture outline and highlight places where you can stop lecturing and reinforce your point in a different way. Engage your audience by asking questions. Make a point of using pop culture references. Turn to media for visual or audio aids.

6. Write out a detailed final lecture outline. Include complete topic sentences, quotes and references you wish to note, and questions you will pose to the audience. Highlight places where you will turn to media or incorporate other teaching methods.

7. Practice, practice, practice. Rehearse your lecture. Write in cues such as "Pause," "Breath," or "Scan Audience for Questions" and practice these motions as well. Make sure your language, tone and examples are appropriate for your audience.

8. Arrive at your lecture location early. Make sure any technology you plan to use works properly. Have someone sit at the back of the venue to evaluate your volume and enunciation.

Giving the Lecture

9. Grab your audience's attention. Open with a catchy quote, surprising fact or anecdote that the audience members can relate to.

10. Introduce yourself and briefly state what you have to offer your audience--what qualifies you to be here speaking.

11. Progress through your lecture smoothly, beginning with your introduction and flowing through your notes to the conclusion. Connect all ideas and examples.

12. Maintain eye-contact with your audience members. Scan the audience slowly, so that each audience member feels as if you are addressing him individually.

13. Speak clearly. Enunciate your words. Use good grammar. Project to reach the back of the venue, or use a microphone.

14. Ask your audience for any questions or comments following your lecture.

15. Thank your audience for coming to hear you speak.

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