Epidermal Pain Relief

A variety of approaches to pain relief have been explored in the medical community. Since pain attacks the body in numerous ways, treatments from medication to physical therapy to holistic methods are used. One option to pain relief, for both chronic and acute pain, is epidermal, or through the skin. The simplicity of applying pain patches is one reason epidermal pain relief is becoming widely used. More importantly, the long-lasting pain relief it provides and the minimal amount of common side effects makes epidermal pain relief more regularly prescribed and chosen by patients.

Heat Patches

Heat is a common treatment for pain relief. Hot showers and heating pads are not always convenient, but heat patches are available to treat your pain on the go. Made of iron, water, carbon and salt, these patches generate heat when iron is exposed to oxygen.

Purchase ThermaCare, Beyond Bodi Heat and Bengay at your local pharmacy. Regular patches can cover your arm or leg, but larger patches can be purchased to cover larger areas, like your back. Depending on the patch, it may take up to 15 minutes to heat up, and can be worn for up to 8 hours. Heat patches should not be worn more than once in a 24-hour period.

Ice Patches

Inflammation causes pain. To treat a swollen body part, typically you should apply ice for 20 minutes a few times each day. An easier way of achieving the cooling sensation without having to worry about a leaky bag of ice or your frozen dinner from the freezer, purchase ice patches.

ThermaCare also offers cooling patches in addition to heat therapy. You can also use Icy Hot to receive benefits from both the cold and the hot.

Lidoderm Patches

A lidocaine-based topical medicine, Lidoderm patches allow a small amount of drug into your bloodstream, penetrating just deep enough to sooth damaged nerves and relieve pain.

Wear Lidoderm patches for 12 hours at a time, taking a break for 12 hours before reapplying. They are only available by prescription.

Duragesic

The Duragesic patch offers a stronger treatment for intense chronic pain. It delivers fentanyl, which is an opioid pain medication, slowly through the skin and treats pain for up to three days.

Like Lidoderm patches, Duragesic is only available by prescription.

Pain Patch Side Effects

You may experience drowsiness while using a pain patch. Other side effects include nausea, dizziness, drop in blood pressure and loss of appetite.

Remove the patch and call your doctor if you have trouble breathing while wearing the patch.

Pain Creams

Pain medication can also be distributed through creams.

Zonalon, which contains Doxepin, is an antidepressant, and treats pain by blocking receptors that send pain signals to the brain.

Menthol cream is also available for temporary pain relief. The menthol tingles, creating a warming sensation which soothes muscles.

These creams also activate your body's opiod receptions, providing natural pain relief.

Tags: pain relief, Lidoderm patches, pain relief, available prescription, epidermal pain, epidermal pain relief, only available

Health Insurance & Health Screenings

Regardless of age, health screenings are a part of life. They are used for everything from insurance enrollment to disease prevention. Consumers should study an insurance company's policy for details about health screenings.

Blood Glucose Screening

Men over 45 are urged to obtain a blood glucose screening. Early screening may prevent the onset of Type 2 diabetes. Most insurance companies cover this screening to avoid the costs of diabetic drugs.

Family History

Family history plays a pivotal role in the doctor's decision to order a particular health screening. A family history of high blood pressure, for example, may prompt a doctor to order it earlier than he normally would. If the consumer knows her history, better decisions are made about the best possible insurance.

Talk With Doctor

The physician often knows which screenings are covered by most insurance companies, but consumers who feel strongly about a particular health screening should review the risks and talk with the doctor about possible alternatives that are covered by insurance.

Prevention

According to Preventdisease.com, 80 percent of all diseases are preventable. Insurance companies are aware of this and have made wellness programs, which can include screenings, a key part of their coverage.

Screening Situations

Health screenings are performed in at least two situations. They are conducted routinely as a preventative measure or when a patient is showing signs and symptoms of a particular disease. Reputable insurance companies are clear about when and if health screenings are covered.

Tags: insurance companies, health screening, health screenings, particular health, particular health screening

What Is Stage Four Cancer

Doctor looking at results on clipboard

A stage four (IV) cancer diagnosis is a life-changing medical situation, often causing overwhelming emotion, worry and fear. The diagnosis will often involve a variety of testing that will help an oncologist (cancer doctor) to determine the rate at which the cancer cells are growing. The information gathered will help the oncologist pinpoint the cancer's location and make a decision about proceed with treatment.

What is Cancer?

Infected cells

When discussing cancer and its stages of progression, it is important to first define what the term "cancer" means. The American Cancer Society explains that cancer is caused by an overgrowth of abnormal cells that are the result of damaged DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Unlike normal cells that follow the usual course of growth, division and death, cancer cells live on. In fact, they undergo a continuous pattern of growing and dividing, eventually taking the place of the normal cells that naturally die off. As the cancer progresses, it often begins to metastasize, or invade, the healthy tissue and organs of the body.

Stage Four

Doctor looking at laptop

Cancer that is at the lowest level of progression is considered to be a "stage one" cancer. What this means is that the cells have formed a cancerous tumor that is localized and has failed to invade other parts of the body. The most advanced stage of cancer is referred to as "stage four." Cancer Treatment Centers of America explains that once a cancerous tumor grows and infiltrates the lymph nodes or organs of the body, the cancer has progressed to stage four.

Diagnosis

Woman getting mammogram exam

A stage four cancer diagnosis often involves a thorough physical examination, followed by image tests that will help to confirm the diagnosis. Laboratory testing is also included in the diagnosis, usually consisting of urine samples and blood testing. According to CancerGuide.org, the progression of some types of caner and a confirmation of staging are often not complete until the cancerous mass have been surgically removed and a biopsy is performed.

Hope

Couple holding hands for support

Since there is no stage five, a stage four cancer diagnosis is considered to be the final and most advanced level of progression. But, the announcement by an oncologist that you or a loved one have reached stage four does not mean that the battle is over. Stage four cancer is not an automatic death sentence, but it may mean that you will be in for the fight of your life. There is no cure for cancer, but there are treatments available that can potentially reduce cancer symptoms, sometimes even resulting in incidences of remission for stage four cancer patients.

Treatment

Doctors in surgery

Controlling the spread of cancer is often the key goal that will be addressed during a stage four phase of any type of cancer. Treatments often involve the use of radiation and chemotherapy, either separately or combined. In some cases surgery may also be an option. Stage four cancer patients may at times participate in clinical trials that can potentially relieve their symptoms.

Tags: stage four, that will, cancer diagnosis, cells that, four cancer

What Is A Cmos Camera

Most cameras have CMOS or CCD sensors.

CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) is an image sensor used for still and video cameras. It is typically compared with the other type of image sensor called the CCD (charge coupled device). Each has strengths and weaknesses that photographers and videographers can utilize according to their more specific needs.

Sensor Chip

When a camera uses a CMOS-based image sensor chip, it enables the integration of all required camera circuits within the same chip. This makes the CMOS suitable for small and portable cameras such as those in PDAs and mobile phones. Although initially used for less expensive devices, the CMOS sensor has been further developed in terms of power, efficiency and functionality. Many professional cameras already incorporate CMOS sensor chips for their technical needs.

Voltage

Compared to the CCD, the CMOS operates at lower voltages, thus reducing power consumption for portable applications. The CMOS chip allows any analog or digital processing functions to be readily integrated into the chip in order to reduce the device's system package size and overall cost.

Monochrome or Color Configurations

CMOS cameras typically employ color separation devices, instead of having integral filters on the camera's sensors. Each camera might be available in either monochrome or color configurations. A monochrome CMOS camera captures images in black and white or grayscale. A color CMOS camera captures a range of colors generated through varying combinations of discrete colors.

Tags: image sensor, camera captures, cameras typically, CMOS camera, CMOS camera captures, CMOS sensor

Online Nuclear Medicine Schools

Nuclear medicine professionals take and read X-rays.

The study and execution of diagnostic procedures designed to give healthcare professionals a view of the inside of the human body without the use of invasive procedures, known as nuclear medicine, has become a popular career choice in the United States. Nuclear medicine professionals operate X-ray machines and magnetic resonance imaging devices and administer radiopharmaceutical drugs. Probably because these positions predominantly require hands on activity, very few online educational programs exist for this field.

Saint Joseph's College of Maine

Available nuclear medicine career tracts include both an associate's degree and a bachelor's degree program in radiologic science administration. Radiology technician certification is a prerequisite to degree completion of either program.

Saint Joseph's College of Maine

278 Whites Bridge Rd.

Standish, ME 04084-5263

207-893-7800

sjcme.edu/gps

Angley College

Angley College offers an online diploma in basic X-ray machine operation. Students perfect patient communication skills, anatomy positioning skills and X-ray instrument use in required clinical externships.

Angley College

230 North Woodland Blvd.

DeLand, Fl 32720

877-205-7195

angley.edu/alliedhealth/basic_xray_machine_operator.html

Pima Medical Institute

Online programs at Pima Medical Institute (PMI) include an advanced placement track radiography progam to receive an associate of occupational science degree upon completion. The degree program prepares students to take the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists certification exam. For professional advancement a bachelor of science in radiologic sciences is offered as well. For those interested in continuing education credits, PMI offers a flouroscopy course that teaches students to read moving X-rays.

Pima Medical Institute Online

800-477-7462

pmi.edu/contact.asp

Tags: Angley College, Medical Institute, Pima Medical, Pima Medical Institute, College Maine, degree program

Senior Clerk Job Description

A senior clerk works in an office environment, and typically assists in overseeing and training of other clerks. Her role involves overall organization of business documents.

Education

Most of these occupations require a high school diploma or GED.

Skills

Most employers require strong organization skills and computer-software knowledge to enter information into computer systems. Some organizations may require typing speeds of at least 30 words per minute, and may test candidates for speed and accuracy.

Responsibilities

Responsibilities include training and assisting other clerical staff, as well as assigned filing and data-entry tasks to organize business documents. In many cases, others tasks are assigned as needed, such as copying, printing and mailing to meet business deadlines.

Occupational Outlook

The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported office clerical occupations are expected to grow 13 percent from 2006 through 2016 due to the expansion of office automation and the need for support staff to accomplish clerical tasks using automated technologies.

Average Salary

In 2008, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported average salaries between $21,890 and $26,590 per year.

Tags: Bureau Labor, Bureau Labor Statistics, business documents, Labor Statistics, Labor Statistics reported

What To Do If Medical Disability Has Been Denied

If your application for Social Security disability has been denied, you have appeal options after you receive a denial letter in the mail. Medical evidence that backs up your claim is necessary for approval of disability benefits. Prepare your appeal and get help to ensure that you are not denied on your next attempt for disability benefits.

Filing an Appeal

You have 60 days to file an appeal after receiving a denial for disability benefits, starting from the day that you receive notification of the denial. Begin the appeal process as soon as possible. The Social Security Administration has made the appeal form available on its website. You will have to fill out the appeal form and an appeal disability report that provides you another opportunity to supply information on your condition. If you need help with your appeal, contact the representative at the nearest Social Security office.

Medical Professionals

The appeal process is the time to submit more information about your condition. If your disability has worsened since you were denied benefits, add that information to your appeal. Seek additional medical opinion to add to your case. For instance, if your claim is a mental illness, obtain reports from a psychiatrist that show your inability to return to work. This step in the appeals process is called reconsideration. Even if your appeal is denied a second time you can request a hearing with the Office of Disability Adjudication and Review.

Legal Representation

Before you go to a hearing before an administrative law judge, hire a lawyer to help you. Prepare for your hearing by determining how your impairment has affected your ability to work. The answers to these questions should give the judge a picture of how your life has been affected by your disability. There are further appeals after the administrative law judge issues a ruling. The judge might give a decision that is partially favorable to you. The next step is the Appeals Council where your case will be thoroughly reviewed for errors. Many people stop after the first denial and never have an opportunity to present more information on their disability.

Tags: your appeal, disability benefits, Social Security, administrative judge, affected your, appeal form, appeal process

Gum Grafting Procedures

Gum Grafting Procedures

Dental professionals perform gum grafts on patients who have exposed roots or an uneven gum line. Gum disease, or periodontitis, frequently results in receding gums. With more tooth surface exposed and increased space between teeth and gums, gum disease more easily destroys tissue and bone. According to the American Academy of Periodontology, a gum graft "can reduce further recession and bone loss."

Gingival Graft

Keratinized gingiva is one of two types of gum tissue in the mouth. It is the thick, protective tissue that surrounds the teeth. According to Dr. H. Kendall Scholes, DMD, a gingival graft involves, "A thin piece of tissue ... taken from the roof of the mouth, or gently moved over from adjacent areas, to provide a stable band of attached gingiva around the tooth." This results in a reduction in gum recession and an increase in protection from gum disease damage. According to the Dental Health Network (DHN), "This type of graft restores and augments the missing thick keratinized gingiva, but does not result in covering of the exposed root."

Connective Tissue Graft

Connective tissue gum grafts use tissue from beneath the roof of the mouth. According to the DHN, this procedure "is used to not only restore missing thick keratinized gum tissue, but also used to cover exposed roots of the teeth." With the gum line firmly concealing the roots of teeth, less bacteria can get beneath the gums and cause inflammation. Protecting the gums from further damage is essential to maintaining bone density and the health of your teeth. A gum graft also eliminates sensitivity to hot and cold due to exposed teeth roots.

Tissue Bank Allograft

Instead of using your own gum tissue, a tissue bank allograft uses tissue from a cadaver for the graft. By using a donor's tissue you will not have to go through the pain and recovery of the palate healing post-operation. Tissue from donors is safe and effective. According to Northwest Tissue Services, a tissue bank, "In addition to screening for HIV and hepatitis, the new regulation requires screening for diseases such as syphilis, West Nile virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the neurological condition Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) ... Donor tissue cannot be released for use until all screening and testing processes are completed and medical experts review and evaluate the results." Many periodontists perform tissue bank allografts, though some prefer to use the patient's tissue for the procedure.

Tags: tissue bank, exposed roots, Grafting Procedures, missing thick, missing thick keratinized, roof mouth

How Long Does Postmenopausal Hair Loss In Women Last

As women approach menopause, they often experience changes in their bodies, including hair loss. The American Women's Association estimates that 30 percent of women experience some form of hair loss or thinning as they go through menopause. The hair loss can leading to concerns about how long the loss will last and whether they will be left completely bald. Hair loss following post-menopause can be attributed to several factors, and while it can be alarming, for most women it does not last forever.

Thyroid

According to to the American Thyroid Association, the most common cause of hair loss in women during the post-menopausal period is a low functioning thyroid. Symptoms of a low functioning thyroid include fatigue, dry skin, weight gain and hair loss. These are also symptoms of menopause, which leads many women to attribute their thinning hair to menopause without getting their thyroid levels checked.

If the hair loss or hair thinning is caused by a low functioning thyroid it will not stop until the underlying cause is addressed. Checking thyroid levels is done through a simple blood test, and if the levels are low, you will be placed on a daily synthetic thyroid medication pill. Once your doctor determines the correct dosage, which can take several months to achieve, your hair thinning and loss should significantly slow or stop all together.

Hormones

In addition to thyroid issues, a change in hormone levels can also cause significant hair loss in women who are past menopause. A woman's hormones fluctuate, sometimes widely during the period of menopause leaving the woman with a decrease or increase in many elements, including testosterone. If a woman has a large increase in her testosterone levels following menopause, she may experience hair loss or thinning much in the same pattern that a man experiences as he ages.

A blood test can determine the level of male and female hormones in the body, and medication can be prescribed to adjust those levels so that hair loss or thinning is reduced or halted.

Hormone replacement therapy does carry some risks, so it is important to discuss it with your doctor and determine whether it is the right solution for you.

Stress

Another significant factor in hair loss for post menopausal women is stress. It can take several months for a stress factor in someone's life to trigger hair loss. Therefore, when seeking the cause of hair loss or thinning, it is important to look back over the previous 90 days. If a friend or loved one died, a divorce occurred, a job was lost or some serious factor happened, the hair loss could be a result of stress. Each person handles stress differently, so it can sometimes be difficult to determine whether hair loss and thinning is being caused by stress or by an underlying medical issue.

Medications

Medication can trigger hair loss in women who are past menopause. Several heart medications, as well as medications prescribed for other issues, have been known to create hair loss in some women. If it is found that your medication is the underlying cause of your hair loss, your doctor may be able to prescribe a different medication that will address the problem without causing your hair to fall out. As soon as the medication is changed the hair loss should cease.

Genetics

For some women, hair loss after menopause is heredity, meaning not a lot that can be done to stop it. For women who suffer from genetic hair loss, the length of time it will occur depends on how long it lasted and how severe it was for other women in their families.

Time Frame

Menopause affects each woman differently, and the problems and issues that come along with it can be varied. If you are experiencing hair loss or notice that your hair is thinning you should make an appointment with your doctor to determine the cause and see if it can be addressed through medical intervention.

Tags: hair loss, hair loss, hair loss thinning, loss thinning, your doctor, your hair

Reflexologist Spend A Workday

Finding Clients

The majority of reflexologists are self employed. Even the spas that use reflexologists generally hire them under a contract basis, in which the practitioner works only when clients have scheduled an appointment. Because of this the successful reflexologist must spend time every week finding new clients. Advertising alone rarely brings in new clients. Promotional activities are vitally important to maintaining a good income, even after a client base has been established. Reflexologists give demonstrations at health fares, spas, health food stores and alternative medicine clinics. Finding potential clients is just a beginning, since many people are unfamiliar with reflexology and its benefits, so practitioners have to educate the public.

Treating Clients

Reflexology appointments can range from 15 minutes to an hour, depending on the client's needs. Because of the way the nervous system in the body works, there are "reflex points" in the hands and feet that affect all areas of the body. Reflexologists know massage the hands and feet to activate those reflex points. Treatment can range from gentle massaging to deep pressure applied to trigger points to release tight muscles, and break up scar tissue and salt deposits. Sometimes oils and aromatherapy are incorporated in the treatment. The reflexology treatment only involves the hands and feet. Clients relax in a reclining chair or on a massage table while the practitioner works on them.

Running a Business

Because reflexologists are usually self employed or contract workers they have to spend a good deal of time managing their businesses. Most states charge tax for services such as reflexology. There are also self employment and income taxes that need to be paid quarterly or semi annually. Income and expenses need to be tracked. Most reflexologists maintain client files which must be updated with each visit. Supplies such as massage cream, aromatherapy oils and products the practitioner may provide for sale must be ordered. Office expenses need to be paid.

Self Care

Because reflexology is so demanding on a practitioner's hands, self care is important to maintaining a career. Massaging their own hands is part of the reflexologist's routine. Even so, the career life span for most reflexologists is less than 10 years.

Tags: hands feet, expenses need, important maintaining, need paid, practitioner works

Breast Development In Infants

Newborns are affected by their mother's hormones for several weeks after birth.

They may be welcomed by pregnant women and expected by female teenagers, but breast development in babies is both surprising and nothing to worry about. Mothers and teens aren't the only ones affected by pesky hormones. For weeks after a baby is born, the hormones from his mother can cause breast buds.

Why It Happens

Pregnancy and hormones go hand in hand. After surging through a woman's body for nine months, some of those hormones get transferred to her baby. Heidi Murkoff, B.S.N., and author of "What to Expect: The First Year" says "Because of an infusion of female hormones from the placenta just before birth, many babies, boys and girls, have swollen breasts and/or genitals."

Size and Shape

Breasts can develop in male and female infants. The small buds are generally a half-inch in size and do feel firm, but should not appear red or feel warm when touched. The breasts can also have a milky discharge. However, Shanna R. Cox, M.D., warns, "If parents note the bud to be changing in size, or should it develop any surrounding redness, this should immediately be reported to the child's pediatrician. Bloody discharge should also be checked immediately. These symptoms may be indicative of an infection in the breast tissue, or of a clogged duct."

Misconceptions

Entering parenthood comes with much unsolicited advice from family, friends and even strangers. While all of it is usually said with good intentions, each piece of advice should be taken with a grain of salt. This includes the idea that modern-day vitamins or hormones in food are the cause of breast development in infants.

In fact, breast development in babies has been documented for some time. According to Cox, "In the past (the milky) discharge was often referred to as 'witch's milk.' Many believed this to be an abnormal reaction that indicated 'possession' of the infant by a witch. Clearly this theory lost favor, along with many other superstitious beliefs, centuries ago."

Breasts in Toddlers

Breast development in infants is caused by the mother's hormones, but the appearance of breasts in toddlers is a different story. If you notice your 2-year-old or 3-year-old has enlarged breasts, she could have "premature thelarche." It usually only occurs in females.

Shari Nethersole, M.D., says "The cause is not entirely clear but in some girls there seems to be a slight increase in estrogen production for a short period of time. The estrogen is what causes the breast to sprout. In the vast majority of girls who have this, the breast bud will shrink down again over a period of several months, or if it doesn't become smaller, at least it won't continue to enlarge."

Time Frame

Hold off on buying a training bra or an extra-large T-shirt for your little newborn girl or boy. The breasts will eventually disappear, along with the cradle cap, infant acne, and other unfortunate side effects of being a newborn. It the breast buds and discharge haven't left in about a month, contact your child's pediatrician. Until then, don't sweat it, and know that it has happened to almost every baby, quite possibly since the beginning of time.

Tags: along with, breast buds, breast development, breast development babies, cause breast, child pediatrician

What Are The Treatments For Breast Cancer In Older Women

Breast cancer is more prevalent in older women. Fifty percent of breast cancer cases occur in women 65 years and older. Women past the age of 65 are at higher risk of dying from breast cancer. Factors such as smoking, family health history, diet, alcohol usage and lifestyle/exercise increase a woman's risk of developing breast cancer.

Older female breast cancer patients should consult an oncologist for the best treatment options. Treatments vary depending on the individual case. If older women find breast lumps or experience unusual breast swelling or pain, they should seek immediate medical attention. The following treatments are the most widely used treatments for older breast cancer patients.

Surgery

Depending on their stage of breast cancer, most breast cancer patients opt for a lumpectomy or a partial or radical mastectomy. A lumpectomy is when a portion of the cancerous breast tissue is removed. Partial mastectomy is a surgical procedure that removes part of one of the breasts. A radical mastectomy surgically removes both breasts. Radical mastectomies are usually performed when older women have advanced Stage 4 breast cancer. If lymph nodes are found to be cancerous, they are also sometimes removed by the surgeon to eliminate the cancer spreading to tissue, bones and organs.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy also is used for localized breast cancer to stop tumor growth. Radiation therapy kills cancerous cells by using external-beam irradiation on the tumor or cancerous area. For older patients, this therapy is primarily used if she has been diagnosed with Stage 1 or 2 cancer and when the when lymph nodes are cancer-free. Radiation therapy also is used in combination with chemotherapy or post-surgery, depending upon the severity of the patient's cancer.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy involves intravenous or oral drugs administered to patients to kill cancerous cells, usually prescribed post-surgery or along with radiation treatments. An older woman's immune system may be compromised as a result of large doses of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy drugs also kill healthy cells, lowering the immune system. Sometimes lower doses of chemotherapy are prescribed in older women.

Hormone Replacement Drugs

Hormone replacement drugs such as Tamoxifen are given to older female patients along with surgery, chemotherapy or radiation treatments. Tamoxifen increases estrogen production, which is beneficial to breast cancer patients, as reduced estrogen production has been linked to breast cancer in older women.

Warning

The best protection against breast cancer in older women is early detection which includes yearly mammograms and self-breast exams.

Tags: breast cancer, breast cancer patients, cancer patients, older women, breast cancer, Radiation therapy

Guide For Fda Food Labeling

Fresh produce does not need an FDA label, unlike other packaged foods.

The labels on the back of food products are getting more notice as consumers search for healthier and more nutritious foods. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has set forth specific regulations to monitor and guarantee the quality of these foods for all consumers.

Types of Foods

The FDA requires that most foods, whether they're packaged, canned, or frozen, and beverages all have a nutritional label. Fresh fruits and vegetables, raw produce and fish do not require a label and if this is done, it is only through voluntary cooperation by the manufacturers. Organic foods must contain at least 95 percent organic ingredients to meet FDA organic requirements to receive an organic label classification.

Location of the Labels

When you pick up a package, the product information on the front is called the primary display panel, or PDP. The FDA requires that this panel be used for product identification and to specify the amount of product in the package.

The next panel, immediately to the right of the PDP, is the information panel and should clearly disclose the name and address of the manufacturer, the nutritional value and ingredients of the product, including additives, and the distributor of the product.

Nutritional Label Information

The nutritional label is broken down into six sections. The first is the servings panel, which reflects how much of the product constitutes a serving and how many servings are in the total package.

Next is the calorie count per serving and how many of those calories are from fat.

The third displays the nutrients that consumers should limit in their diets, inclusing trans fats, cholesterol and sodium.

The fourth shows the nutrients consumers should try to increase in their daily intake, such as calcium, vitamins and iron.

The fifth section is the column to the right of each nutrient and shows how much each one contributes to the daily percentage value.

These five sections are product specific, while the sixth section is general and lists the recommended daily nutritional percentage value requirements for every consumer based on a 2,000 or 2,500 calorie diet.

Tags: consumers should, percentage value, requires that, serving many

Alternative Treatment For Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration is an eye disease that affects the tissue in the eye responsible for central vision. According to the Mayo Clinic, symptoms of this condition may include: the need for more light while reading, blurriness of words, difficulty seeing faces and a general haziness of vision. Risk factors for macular degeneration are family history, cigarette smoking and having light colored eyes. Women and people over 60 years old are also at higher risk. Alternative treatments, however, may provide some relief.

Antioxidants and Zinc

According to the Foundation of the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), patients with macular degeneration may benefit from antioxidant supplements. These supplements may prevent and slow the progression of macular degeneration.

Talk with your doctor about taking 500 mg of vitamin C, 400 IU of vitamin E, 15 mg of beta carotene and 80 mg of zinc oxide. Taking 2 mg of copper may also provide some benefit. People who smoke, however, shouldn't take the beta carotene supplement because there may be a link between beta carotene and lung cancer, according to the AAO.

Acupuncture Treatments

Acupuncture has been used to cure health ailments in China for centuries. Therapists believe that placing tiny needles throughout the body corrects energy flow and helps symptoms of macular degeneration improve. However, more research is needed in this area to discover the benefits of acupuncture treatments.

Sight Enhancement Treatments

According to the AMD Alliance International, rehabilitation services are available which can help patients preserve their remaining eyesight and maintain their independence. During these treatments, the therapist will help you make changes in your home such as adjusting lighting, using magnifiers to read or obtaining special appliances that have larger numbers to prevent strain on the eyes. Ask your doctor to refer you to a rehabilitation therapist in your area.

When to Call a Doctor

When using alternative treatments for macular degeneration, partner with your doctor to monitor symptoms. If you experience hallucinations or continue to have changes in your vision, contact your doctor right away. Your doctor should monitor your vision regularly using an "Amsler grid." This is a simple testing tool that helps monitor changes in the vision, according to the Mayo Clinic.

Tags: macular degeneration, beta carotene, your doctor, changes your, Mayo Clinic, provide some, with your

Gynecologist Spend A Workday

Assisting Patients With Their Healthcare Needs

A gynecologist has extremely busy workdays. In fact, due to the nature of the job, a gynecologist is required to work long or extended hours in order to meet the responsibilities of the position. Everyday, a gynecologist is responsible for many important job duties, such as performing an annual pap smear, breast and pelvic examinations; diagnosing and treating general health problems, sexually transmitted diseases and certain types of cancer (like breast, cervical and uterine cancer); ordering laboratory tests for patients; prescribing birth control to women and informing patients on ways to avoid vaginal infections. A gynecologist is also responsible for performing health evaluations to learn more about the patient's medical history and current health status. In addition, a gynecologist is usually trained to perform certain types of surgical procedures, such as a hysterectomy (removal of the woman's uterus), as a treatment option for fibroid tumors, ovarian cysts and uterine cancer.

Quite often, a gynecologist treats other health conditions, such as endometriosis (which causes excessive and irregular bleeding), amenorrhea (failure to have regular menstrual cycles), pelvic and hormonal disorders and infertility. A gynecologist usually strives to identify health problems and disorders while a baby is in the early stages of development. A gynecologist also keeps track of her patients' health status, as she looks for unusual changes in the body and reproductive system. However, in order for a doctor to properly identify health problems, females should visit their gynecologist at least once a year, for a regular health screening and comprehensive physical examination.

Administrative Duties

In addition to seeing patients and assisting them with their medical and healthcare needs, a gynecologist also performs a variety of administrative duties, such as reviewing patient files and updating their charts, preparing reports, attending meetings and conferences, returning patients' phone calls and emails, supervising and training staff members, teaching workshops and writing articles for medical publications. Therefore, a gynecologist should have the ability to multi-task, and she should also be organized and know manage her time wisely.

As you can see, a gynecologist has many important job duties and responsibilities during the workday. That is why it takes several years of training and preparation, in order to obtain the skills and knowledge needed for this career.

Tags: gynecologist also, health problems, certain types, duties such, gynecologist usually

Get New Individual Health Insurance If You Have A History Of Breast Cancer

The effects of a cancer diagnosis can linger on for years to come, and can affect far more than just your potential recurrence rate. Obtaining health insurance is never a simple affair, but it can become increasingly more complex if you have a history of a serious illness such as breast cancer, due to the tendency of most insurers to deny coverage for high risk individuals. While there are no guarantees that you can get an individual health care plan, there are some steps you can take to optimize your chances of being covered.

Instructions

1. Contact a local attorney regarding the existence state laws that might be beneficial to your plight. For example, individuals in the state of Florida can benefit from a statutory exclusion stating that individuals cannot be denied coverage based on a prior incident of breast cancer if they have been subsequently cancer-free for a period of at least two years. Your state may have a similar law, so talk to an insurance attorney in your area to find out.

2. Look into enrollment in a state-sponsored high risk pool if you are found to be uninsurable by private companies. According to information from HealthInsurance.org, state sponsored pools for high risk individuals exist in 38 states, and can provide you with coverage despite your medical history for a premium cost that is somewhat higher than that found in the private sector, but it provides a good fallback for individuals who are otherwise unable to secure health care.

3. Act quickly to obtain new insurance if you have recently been dropped from your existing plan. Under the auspices of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA), you have a 63 day window to obtain new coverage without having to endure a waiting period for pre-existing conditions.

4. Utilize COBRA to continue your current coverage if you are about to be dropped from an employer-provided insurance plan. COBRA (Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act) is a program that allows individuals to continue with their pre-existing plan for a period of time ranging from 18 to 36 months where their insurance is being terminated due to: loss of employment, reduction in hours, disability, death of the employee-spouse (if you were receiving benefits from being married to an employee of a company), divorce, or legal separation. Speak with a representative from Human Resources at your place of employment or an insurance attorney about the viability of continuing your health care through COBRA.

Tags: health care, high risk, breast cancer, dropped from, high risk individuals, insurance attorney

Accredited Online Ultrasound Tech Schools

Ultrasound equipment

Ultrasound technicians are also known as diagnostic medical sonographers. Numerous accredited online ultrasound technician schools provide training in medical imaging, and prepare students to work in a physician's office or at hospitals. The main duty of an ultrasound technician is to take accurate images of the human body to assist doctors in their diagnosis of patients. Most ultrasound technician programs are offered at the associate or bachelor's levels, and several accredited programs are offered online.

Grand Canyon University

Based in Phoenix, Arizona, Grand Canon University is a private Christian university that is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association. The Bachelor of Science program in Medical Imaging is an online course that is designed to prepare students for work in upper level positions in health care. Prospective students must have an associate degree in allied health from an accredited institution with a minimum grade point average of 2.5.

Students take courses in various subjects related to medical imaging such as trends and issues in health care, health care systems and medical imaging in the digital environment. The purpose of the training is to help practicing imaging technologists improve their skills by acquiring a bachelor's degree.

Grand Canyon University

3300 West Camelback Road

Phoenix, Arizona 85017

877-860-3951

online.gcu.edu

Mountain State University

Since 1994, Mountain State University in Beckley, West Virginia, has been providing certificate, associate and bachelor of science degrees in diagnostic medical sonography. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. In addition to taking online courses, students are required to fulfill their clinical rotations at a medical facility in their geographic location. Upon successful completion of the program, students will be eligible to take the American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers examinations.

Areas of specialization in sonography for this program include principles and instrumentation, abdomen, obstetrics and gynecology and echocardiography. Students begin their clinical training after completing their prerequisite courses.

Mountain State University

PO Box 9003

Beckley, WV 25802-9003

866-367-6781

mountainstate.edu

Florida College of Health Sciences

Florida College of Health Sciences in Orlando is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). Prospective students can enroll in the diagnostic medical sonography or radiologic sciences programs. Both programs can be completed through online training.

Using various multimedia resources the bachelor of science degree in medical sonography is designed for working professionals; students are required to complete 61 credits in order to complete the program, which takes14 weeks. Topics in medical sonography cover areas like proper procedures for documenting sonography results, educating patients in the procedures of medical ultrasound and procedures for obtaining accurate diagnostic outcomes.

Florida College of Health Sciences

FHCHS Off-Site Admissions

PO Box 691629

Orlando, FL 32869-1629

877-471-1454

onlineimaging.fhchs.edu

Tags: medical sonography, College Health, College Health Sciences, Florida College, Florida College Health

The Average Cost Of A Gadoliniumenhanced Mri Procedure

The average cost of a simple MRI ranges between $400 to $3,500 as of November 2010.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging is an imaging technology that uses a magnetic field to create a detailed image of the human body. This allows for improved diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions.

MRI

MRI technology was first used in the 1970s; and unlike traditional x-rays or CT scans, it does not use any form of radiation. One of the key strengths of an MRI lies in its ability to better delineate the muscle and tissue in the human body, and discern pathologic versus normal findings better than any radiographic technology in the market. In some cases, patients are injected with an intravenous dye such as gadolinum in order to produce clearer images. Gadolinum has paramagnetic properties and as a result aligns with the magnetic field that is present during an MRI procedure and thus creates higher resolution images.

Cost of an MRI with gadolinum contrast

The average cost of a simple MRI ranges between $400 to $3,500 as of November 2010. The price varies depending on the part of the body that is imaged. Additionally, the price also differs depending on the facility where a patient has his images taken. The price of an MRI with gadolinum will generally be higher than a simple MRI. Average prices will run between $1,200 to $4,000.

Payment Options

Generally, if a person has health insurance, the full price of the MRI will be covered. Patients who do not have insurance may qualify for discounts or be able to pay the bill in multiple intervals.

Tags: average cost, average cost simple, between November, between November 2010, cost simple

Sterile Processing Technician Vs Surgical Technologist

Surgical technologists assist in the operating room.

A surgical technologist has a wide range of duties as part of an operating room team. A sterile processing technician is primarily responsible for the sterilization of medical instruments and equipment.

Sterile Processing Technician Job

A sterile processing technician sterilizes and assembles all the equipment needed for surgery, physical exams and other medical procedures. The technician may also be responsible for inventory and equipment ordering. Most sterile processing technicians work in hospitals but some also work in doctor's offices or clinics.

Sterile Processing Technician Education

Becoming a sterile processing technician requires a vocational school certificate in sterile processing and distribution. These programs are a few weeks long and include training in anatomy, medical vocabulary, microbiology, disease control, interpersonal skills and using sterilizing equipment. The Certification Board for Sterile Processing and Distribution provides voluntary certification for sterile processing technicians.

Surgical Technologist Job

Surgical technologists, also called scrubs and surgical or operating room technicians, assist in surgery under the supervision of surgeons, nurses or other surgical personnel. Surgical technologists set up equipment in the operating room, prepare patients for surgery by washing, shaving and disinfecting incision sites, and transport patients to the operating room. Technologists also observe patients' vital signs, check charts and help the surgical team put on sterile gowns and gloves.

During surgery, technologists pass instruments and other sterile supplies to surgeons and surgical assistants. Technologists may hold retractors, cut sutures, help count sponges, needles, supplies and instruments, deal with specimens taken for laboratory analysis and related duties. After surgery, technologists may help move patients to the recovery room and clean and restock the operating room.

Surgical Technologist Education

Training programs for surgical technologists, available from community and junior colleges, vocational schools, universities, hospitals and the military, require from nine to 24 months to complete. Training includes classroom education and supervised clinical experience. Coursework includes anatomy, physiology, microbiology, pharmacology, professional ethics, medical terminology, care and safety of patients during surgery, sterile techniques and surgical procedures.

Certified Surgical Technologists

Certified surgical technologists who have additional specialized education or training also may serve as the surgical first assistant or circulator. The surgical first assistant provides additional technical functions that help the surgeon perform a safe operation. A circulating technologist is an unsterilized member of the surgical team who interviews and prepares the patient before surgery, helps with anesthesia, obtains and opens packages for sterilized team members, makes a written record of the surgery and answers the surgeon's questions about the patient during the surgery.

Tags: operating room, processing technician, sterile processing, Sterile Processing, Surgical Technologist, during surgery, first assistant

Support A Friend With Cancer

Support a Friend With Cancer

There are many ways you can lend support to your friend with cancer. How much time you can commit depends a lot on the depth of your relationship. Understand that people react differently when diagnosed with cancer. Remain sensitive to your friend's situation and seek to understand the level of support your friend is willing to accept. Anything from sending a thoughtful card to bringing weekly dinners will be appreciated.

Instructions

1. Offer to drive your friend to the doctor, especially when they are receiving treatments.

2. Help with pet care. Arrange for the family pet to go to the groomers or offer to walk the dog.

3. Assist with meals by picking up groceries or bringing dinners.

4. Entertain the children with a trip to the park.

5. Rent funny movies and drop them off or stay and watch. Sharing simple activities like laughing through a funny movie can return a sense or normalcy and temporarily change the focus from the medical issues. Stop back a few days later to pick up the movies and return them to the video store.

6. Spend time together just talking and being a good listener. Sometimes listening to your friend can provide the most needed support. Reminisce about funny events from the past to bring back happy memories.

7. Send a gift of flowers or a basket filled with fragrant lotions and body wash.

Tags: your friend, Friend With Cancer, Support Friend, Support Friend With, support your, support your friend, With Cancer

Diagnose Traumatic Neuroma

A traumatic neuroma, or damage imposed on the nerve following a surgical procedure, is a potential complication of a wisdom tooth extraction. Ninety percent of cases of traumatic neuroma cases occur in relation to the trigeminal nerve following an upper or lower third molar extraction. The condition is characterized by symptoms like shooting pain on the affected side of the mouth, numbness, and a tingling sensation. The characteristic pain of the traumatic neuroma can be triggered by the slightest touch of a finger when washing the face. A prompt diagnosis and treatment of the situation is required to avoid further complications, such as paralysis of the affected area.

Instructions

1. Get an electromyographytest done to evaluate the nerve function. A low EMG reading would indicate that there was nerve damage in the affected area. EMG test results will be interpreted by the technician who administers the test and the results will be given to you indicating whether you are in the typical range for your body composition. This investigative procedure also aids in assessing the status of healing following a nerve injury.

2. Get a magnetic resonance imaging scan done to obtain a clearer picture of any damage done to the surrounding structures, like tissues or spaces through which the nerve passes.

3. You can obtain a definitive diagnosis of traumatic neuroma after a doctor takes a biopsy of the tissue around the affected site. The biopsy will be analyzed by a laboratory for any abnormal physical cues that could be causing symptoms which are similar to those of a traumatic neuroma.

4. Learn more about your treatment options if the tests come back with abnormal results. Surgery or physical therapy may be in order to fully counteract the symptoms of a traumatic neuroma.

Tags: traumatic neuroma, affected area, nerve following, results will, test results, test results will, traumatic neuroma

How Get Life Insurance When I'M On Disability

Your doctor can testify your disability isn't life-threatening.

People in good health typically do not have problems qualifying for at least basic life insurance, although some pay more in premiums due to the way the insurance company has categorized them. When you are on disability, you still should be able to find a company to provide you with a life insurance policy, although you may have to do a little more shopping.

Demonstration of Life Expectancy

Life insurance companies are not concerned so much with the fact you have a disability as they are with the fact the disability will contribute to your demise. You may have a condition that qualifies you for disability benefits but which does not decrease your life expectancy. Blindness is a perfect example, as many blind people are otherwise in perfect health. Ask your doctor to give you a comprehensive physical examination and testify in writing that they do not foresee your disability shortening your life and that, although you may not be able to work, you still can complete basic life tasks. You also can get your doctor to testify similarly if your disability is not expected to be permanent.

Stop Risky Behaviors

Life insurance companies view risky behaviors like smoking negatively. Stopping those kinds of behaviors while on disability may help you qualify with more companies or get into a better category with lower premiums. Lower premiums are important for those on disability, as disability payments typically are low enough to force tight budgeting.

Look for a Simplified or Guaranteed Policy

If you can't get a regular insurance policy while on disability --- this may be the case for more severe disabilities --- consider a simplified or guaranteed life insurance policy. Neither simplified or guaranteed life insurance necessarily require a physical exam. For simplified policies, insurance companies ask only basic health questions, like if you have a terminal disease or are in a nursing home. For a guaranteed policy, the insurance company doesn't ask any questions, but they may not pay the face value of the policy right away after you die. Instead, they'll pay out gradually over a set period of a time --- for example, five years --- until the premiums, interest and face value of the policy are eliminated. These kinds of policies are readily available online.

If you do purchase insurance online, be wary of scams. Some companies purposely prey on those who have trouble finding insurance coverage elsewhere. To ensure your company is legitimate, check its rating with the Federal Trade Commission, Better Business Bureau, your local Chamber of Commerce and similar agencies. You also should check independent sites or talk to members of your community to see what experiences they have had with the companies you are considering.

"Disabled" Definition and Underwriting

All insurance companies use underwriting. This is the process of looking at all aspects of people's lives to determine how much of a risk they pose to the company --- people are categorized by life insurance companies through the underwriting guidelines. The problem with underwriting is that each company may use a different definition for exactly what constitutes a disability. If you are on disability, do not assume that the insurance company of your choice considers you disabled. Before you apply for an insurance policy, ask to see a copy of the insurance company's underwriting guidelines relating to the definition of disability. This way, you can avoid applying at the companies most likely to deny you and, if necessary, challenge a denial.

Tags: insurance companies, insurance company, insurance policy, your disability, basic life

65 & Ready For Medicare

When you turn 65 years of age, you are ready to enroll in Medicare and enjoy its benefits. If you have paid Medicare tax, you can have Medicare Part A coverage for free, and you only have to pay premiums for Medicare Part B, Part C and Part D. If you have not paid Medicare tax but you are a U.S. citizen, you are allowed to purchase all parts of Medicare and pay monthly premiums for it.

Medicare Part A

If you are 65 years of age, you are ready to receive Medicare benefits. This might happen in two different ways. If you have already retired and you are receiving Social Security retirement benefits (or any other type of Social Security benefits), you are automatically enrolled in Medicare Part A, which is hospital insurance. Your benefits start on the first day of the month in which you turn 65 years old. If you do not yet receive retirement benefits or any other Social Security benefits, you must enroll in Part A by calling the Social Security office three months before your 65th birthday. If you do so, benefits also start on the first of the month of your birth. You have up to three full months after your birthday to enroll.

Medicare Part B

If you are 65 years of age, you are also ready to enroll in Medicare Part B, which is medical insurance. Unlike Part A, Medicare Part B is not free. As with Part A, if you already receive Social Security benefits, enrollment is automatic. Since Part B is not free, you can choose to drop its coverage when you receive your Medicare card. If you are not automatically enrolled, you must contact the Social Security office to enroll. If you do not enroll during the enrollment period mentioned above and you decide to enroll later, a late penalty is added to your monthly premiums.

Medicare Part C

Medicare Part C is also called Medicare Advantage Plans, since it consists of plans provided by private companies that add extra coverage to original Medicare coverage (Part A and Part B). Once you turn 65 years of age, you are also ready to enroll in Part C. You can do so by choosing a plan from the Medicare website that fits your needs and getting in touch with the company that provides it. You can do this by filling out an online application or by calling Medicare. If you enroll during the three months before your 65 birthday, coverage starts on the first day of your month of birth.

Medicare Part D

Medicare Part D plans provide prescription drug coverage. You also become eligible to enroll in Medicare Part D when you turn 65 years of age. You can enroll during the period encompassing the three months before your month of birth, your month of birth and the three months after your month of birth. If you have another accredited prescription drug coverage, you are not required to enroll in Part D. If you do not have any other coverage and you do not enroll while you are 65 years old but you do enroll later, you must also pay a penalty for late enrollment.

Tags: Medicare Part, Social Security, enroll Medicare, month birth, three months, turn years

Does It Make Sense To Raise A Health Insurance Deductible To Save Money

Keep a close eye on your health care spending.

No matter what type of insurance you are talking about, there is an inverse relationship between the deductible level and the monthly premiums. You can see this relationship in your car insurance policy, and you can see it when you shop for health insurance as well. If you are willing to accept a higher deductible, you can save money on your premiums. Whether this is a good idea depends on a number of factors, including your health, your expected health care costs and your overall financial situation.

Compare Costs

Before you can tell if raising your deductible is a good idea, you must first determine how much you can save. Contact your insurance broker and price policies with several different deductible levels. Calculate how much you will save over the course of a year by taking out a policy with a higher deductible. Once you have that information, you can determine whether the cost savings are worthwhile. If raising your deductible from $1,500 to $10,000 only saves you a $200 a month, it might not be worth the risk. But if you can drop your premium from $600 to $100 a month with a high deductible policy, it might be worth your while to do so.

Health Savings Accounts

If the high deductible plan you are considering is eligible for a health savings account, you can prepare for potentially higher costs while earning a tax deduction. The money you put into an HSA is deductible when you do your taxes, and that can lower your tax liability while helping you pay for health care costs. Over time, you can build up an HSA equal to, or greater than, the increased deductible. That allows you to mitigate your risks and pocket the savings from your lower monthly premiums. Not all health plans are eligible for an HSA, so ask your broker if your plan qualifies.

Track Your Costs

When deciding whether it makes sense to raise your deductible, it is helpful to understand how much you have been spending on health care services. Health care spending is notoriously unpredictable, but you can make some assumptions about future spending based on what you have spent in the past several years. Gather all the explanation of benefits forms you can find, and add up all of the costs of your health care. Include both what the insurance paid and what you paid out of pocket. If your health care spending each year is high, it might make sense to stay with your low deductible plan. However, if you spend little on doctor visits and other services, taking out a higher deductible plan with lower premiums is probably the right choice.

Cah Flow Considerations

A high deductible plan works best for consumers who have a good handle on their cash flow, and the ability to funnel their premium savings into a special account for health care spending. The best way to do that is with a health savings account, but if that option is not available, you can use a traditional savings or a money market account to put money aside. For a higher deductible to make sense, you must have cash available to pay those costs when they arise.

Tags: care spending, deductible plan, health care, higher deductible, your deductible

How Become A Registered Dietician

Dieticians develop healthy eating plans for both individuals and entire institutions.

Dietitians are trained in nutrition science to work both one-one-one with individuals and to oversee food service programs at hospitals or other institutions. In addition to working with those that want to adopt a healthier lifestyle, dietitians also provide guidance to individuals who have specific nutritional needs. For example, they may work with diabetic patients to develop an eating plan that supports management of the disease. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics May 2009 wage data, dietitians can expect to earn an average annual salary of between $49,000 and $54,000.

Instructions

1. Find out your state's requirements for dietitians by visiting the website of or contacting the state's board of dietetics or nutrition.

2. Find a four-year college or university in your area that offers a bachelor program in nutrition, dietetics or food systems management. Use the American Dietetic Association (ADA) website to search for programs accredited by the association's Commission on Dietetic Registration (CDR).

3. Complete program coursework in nutrition, food science, biology, physiology, and health sciences. Expect to take courses in statistics, business and the behavioral sciences as well, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

4. Participate in a 1,200-hour ADA-accredited dietetic internship if you did not complete at least 900 hours of supervised practice during your academic program at a four-year institution. Find accredited internship opportunities in your area on the ADA's website.

5. Apply to take the Registration Examination for Dietitians through the Commission on Dietetic Registration (CDR). Submit the exam application and fee online on the CDR website or complete the paper version included in the examination handbook. Mail paper applications and the fee in the form of a money order or check to:

Dietitian Registration (84)

ACT

PO Box 168

Iowa City, IA 52243

6. Register to take the registration exam at an ACT Center. The CDR will provide you with testing locations nationwide once your application is approved.

7. Prepare for the exam by studying the exam contents outlined in the CDR handbook; topics include nutrition science, counseling, research, management and food service systems according to the handbook.

8. Take the Registration Examination for Dietitians at an ACT Center. Bring your CDR authorization letter and a current government-issued ID such as a driver's license, state identification card or passport.

9. Complete any additional registration requirements mandated by your state's dietetic board.

10. Maintain your registered dietitian status by reporting to the CDR your completion of 75 continuing professional education units (CPEUs) every five years. Find approved courses and programs for dietitians by searching the CDR's online continuing education database.

Tags: Bureau Labor, Bureau Labor Statistics, Commission Dietetic, Commission Dietetic Registration, Dietetic Registration, Examination Dietitians

Different Types Of Old Mainframes

Mainframe computers, originally used in research and by government, found their way into large corporations during the late 1950s and early 1960s. Consisting of several separate components housed in large cabinets, which are thought to have given the mainframe its name, they soon became essential in both military and corporate environments. The development of the microprocessor led to competition from smaller, cheaper computers and distributed computer networks, leaving many old mainframes consigned to history.

Univac 1100 Series

Vacuum tubes were at the heart of early models bearing the 1100 name but, the introduction of the 1107 by the Sperry Rand Corporation in 1962, saw transistors introduced to the range for the first time. In 1968, costs for installation of this mainframe and its main components spiraled to over one and a half million dollars with the central processing unit costing half a million on its own. The Sperry Rand Corporation merged with Burroughs in 1986 to form Unisys who, as of 2010, still produce mainframe computer systems.

IBM 701

1953 saw IBM launch the 701, a mainframe computer that had taken just two years to develop and was IBM's first scientific computer available on the open market. Code-named the "Defense Calculator," it was originally developed for defense firms during the Korean war. The first 701, installed at IBM's headquarters in New York, took up a quarter of the space of its predecessor and was twenty-five times faster.

Burroughs B5000

Designed in 1961, the B5000 has the accolade of being the first computer to support virtual memory, a way of providing a secure environment for applications to operate within, something that is now used by applications such as Java Virtual Machine software. Compatible with high level languages such as COBOL, Common Business Oriented Language and FORTRAN, Formula Translation, the B5000 was the first mainframe to be built for specific software requirements.

Tags: half million, mainframe computer, Rand Corporation, Sperry Rand, Sperry Rand Corporation

Get Free Hats For Cancer Patients

Get Free Hats for Cancer Patients

Being diagnosed with cancer is often one's own worst nightmare. Beyond the diagnosis is usually intense treatment where chemicals are injected into the body to kill the cancer cells. Unfortunately, these treatments often cause the patient's hair to fall out and therefore, hats have become quite common among cancer patients. Due to the many incurring costs of having cancer, purchasing hats can become a money burden. Fortunately, there are ways in which cancer patients can receive free hats.

Instructions

1. Ask the hospital or treatment centers. Most likely charities, hat manufactures and individuals have donated hats for cancer patients to the cancer center where the patient is being treated. Simply ask the nurse or stop in the on-site shop where cancer patient supplies are sold and ask. If your treatment center does not receive hats, you can contact charities to add your center to the list. For example, you can email director@hatsoffforcancer.org to request that the non-profit organization, Hats Off for Cancer, add your treatment center to their recipient list.

2. Contact a charity directly. There are several charities that give away hats, such as Heavenly Hats and Childhood Leukemia Foundation. Use the request form or phone number on their website to contact them (see Resources). They will send you a hat package directly without going through your treatment center.

3. Hold a hat fundraiser and donate them to cancer treatment centers and hospitals. Get together with other persons battling cancer or who have a family member battling cancer and plan a hat event. You could even partner with a local cancer support group that may have more inside information on how things like this are done. It could be held at a local restaurant, park or hospital. Persons attending would donate a new hat or money to purchase new hats. It could even be something as simple as having a hat drive at your work, church or child's school.

Tags: cancer patients, Hats Cancer, treatment center, your treatment, your treatment center

Apply For Pennsylvania Low Income Health Insurance

Apply for Pennsylvania Low Income Health Insurance

Pennsylvania attempts to see that all its residents are insured, including those with low incomes. The state-run Medicaid plan, referred to as Medical Assistance in the state, offers health insurance for those with low incomes. This program covers 2.18 million Pennsylvania residents in 2010, according to the Pennsylvania Department of Welfare. The state offers various methods to apply for Medicaid -- online, by mail, or in person at your local county assistance office. For those low-income Pennsylvania residents whose income is too high for Medicaid, the state also offers the adultBasic and Children's Health Insurance Program.

Instructions

1. Go to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Application for Social Services (COMPASS) website to see if you qualify for Pennsylvania Medicaid. Click "Get Started" to begin. You can also download and print a paper application, complete it and mail it to your local county assistance office.

2. Answer questions on the COMPASS website about your age, income and health. You answer a set of questions for you and each of the members of your family you want to cover. The system analyzes whether you are eligible for Medicaid, among other programs.

3. Click "Apply" on the COMPASS site to apply for Medicaid benefits. The state will make a decision and notify you within 30 days. If approved, coverage will start on the date of the application. You may receive retroactive coverage going back three months if you had medical expenses

4. Visit your county assistance office (see Resources) to apply in person if you do not have Internet access or need help filling out the application. If you have any questions about the Medicaid application, call 1-800-692-7462.

5. Apply for the adultBasic (for adults) and the Children's Health Insurance Program (for children) if your income disqualifies you from receiving Medicaid. You can apply for both programs through the COMPASS website. The Children's Health Insurance Program also takes applications by phone at 1-800-986-KIDS or mail.

Tags: Health Insurance, assistance office, Children Health, Children Health Insurance, COMPASS website, county assistance

Rare Forms Of Breast Cancer

According to the National Cancer Institute, there are nearly 200,000 cases of breast cancer a year in the United States alone. Many of these are caught in the early stages and offer a good survival rate, however, there are still about 40,000 deaths per year from breast cancer. One of the rarest forms of breast cancer has actually proven to be the deadliest.

Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC)

Inflammatory breast cancer is one of the least common forms of breast cancer yet it is one of the most aggressive. The disease causes lymph vessels within the breast skin to be blocked. By the time the symptoms present -- swelling, redness, warmth -- and a diagnosis is given, inflammatory breast cancer has usually progressed to at least stage III. Less than five percent of breast cancers are IBC.

Mucinous Carcinoma/Colloid

Mucinous carcinoma, also called colloid, is a form of cancer that can occur in various parts of the body. With breast cancer, it accounts for only one to two percent of all diagnosis. Patients with colloid breast cancer have a production of mucus and poorly defined cancer cells. This rare form of breast cancer does have a fairly good long term prognosis.

Tubular Carcinoma

Only two out of every 100 women diagnosed with breast cancer will have tubular carcinoma. This form of the disease is characterized by its distinctive tubular appearance the pathologist sees when viewing it under a microscope. Tubular carcinoma usually occurs in women over 50. Its 10 year survival is about 95 percent.

Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma (ILC)

Infiltrating lobular carcinoma accounts for five percent of all breast cancers. It can be detected by a thickening (usually subtle) in the top outer quadrant of the breast. Since ILC is often positive for progesterone and estrogen receptors, hormone therapy is often the treatment used and the cancer usually responds well to it.

Considerations

Breast cancer of all types is rare in men, but it does occur in about 1,700 each year. Early detection is the best way to deal with all forms of breast cancer. Regular self-examinations with consistent exams by a health professional can help to detect possible cancer before it is felt or seen. Mammograms are also a good screening tool for breast cancer for women.

Tags: breast cancer, breast cancer, forms breast, forms breast cancer, breast cancer, breast cancers, cancer usually

Cheats For Wolverine In "Xmen"

Wolverine has appeared in nearly every game based on the X-Men, including "X-Men: The Official Game." The game was released on multiple platforms to bridge the gap between the films "X2: X-Men United" and "X-Men: The Last Stand." Wolverine is one of three playable characters, with his own set of unlockable features and an invincibility cheat.

Invincibility and Increased Health

An invincibility cheat is available in the PlayStation 2 version. To activate it, press the "Start" button during a mission. Hold "L1," "R1," "L2" and "R2," and press "Left," "Left," "Right," "Right" on the directional pad. To increase health in all versions, activate Wolverine's "Fury" ability when the fury meter is full. Each time you hit an enemy in this mode, Wolverine gains health.

Danger Room Level

To unlock Wolverine's Danger Room level -- a bonus mission in which you have a limited time to reach the end -- choose "Cerebro Files" off the Welcome Menu. Press "Down," "Down," "Up," "Up," "Right," "Left," "Right," "Left," "Start" on the controller. The level also becomes available after Act 2.

Street Clothes Costume

The Weapon X file appears as a dark purple folder with an "X" on it inside of a blue rectangle. Collect the Weapon X file located in each mission to unlock Wolverine's alternate costume "Street Clothes."

Comic Costume

Find all five Sentinel Techs in each mission to unlock Wolverine's "Comic Costume." This is the iconic blue and yellow suit. The Sentinel Techs are bright purple computer chips inside of red rectangles. All costume changes can be made through the Cerebro Files menu.

Tags: unlock Wolverine, Cerebro Files, Comic Costume, Danger Room, each mission, each mission unlock, invincibility cheat

The Average Insurance Broker Salary

The Average Insurance Broker Salary

Insurance brokers of sales agents help consumers choose protection for life, health and property. They may handle a broad range of policy types and companies, or work for just one company offering specialized coverage such as health insurance. Sales ability is important, though a college degree is preferred by many employers. All states also require a license for the profession.

Basics

The median compensation of insurance brokers is $21.87 hourly or $45,500 yearly. The bottom 10 percent make $12.40 or $25,800 and the upper 10 percent earn $55.24 or $114,910. These figures are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics as of May 2009.

Work Place

The place of employment determines salaries, with the top five highest paying being in management, scientific and technical consulting, where compensation is $34.71 or $72,190; real estate brokers, where compensation is $30.47 or $63,380; office administrative services, where compensation is $30.37 or $63,170; insurance brokerages, where compensation is $29.65 and $61,660; and insurance carriers at $29.43 or $61,210.

States

The state in which the job is performed changes pay. The best salaries for insurance brokers are in Rhode Island, which pays $38.60 or $80,280; Massachusetts, which pays $37.85 or $78,740; California, which pays $36.79 or $76,520; New Jersey, which pays $34.71 or $72,210; and New York, offering $34.44 per hour or $71,630 per year.

Cities

The city of employment decides compensation. The highest-paying for this profession are San Francisco, with incomes of $51.70 or $107,530; Bridgeport, Connecticut, with incomes of $47.78 or $99,390; Santa Rosa, California, with incomes of $45.97 or $95,610; Framingham, Massachusetts, with incomes of $45.90 or $95,470; and Kingston, New York, with incomes of $45.03 per hour or $93,660 per year.

Employment Levels

Areas with the best levels of employment for insurance agents do not always offer the best income. For example, the top industries for employment are insurance brokerages and insurance carriers, both of which rank in the top five for compensation. With states, the ones with the greatest concentration of insurance brokers are Florida, offering compensation at $28.63 or $59,540; and North Dakota, offering compensation at $33.94 or $70,590. Neither of them rank in the top five for pay. Finally, the cities with the highest concentration of insurance brokers are not among the top for wages. These are Jacksonville, Florida, paying $24.95 or $51,900 and Macon, Georgia, paying $22.62 or $47,050.

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Guidelines For Do Makeup For Women In Their 50s

Change how you use makeup for your changing skin.

Makeup doesn't work in your 50s the way it did in your 20s and 30s. If there's one word to summarize it all, it's "change." Over the years, your skin's resilience, texture and shape change. The moisture content of your face drops, increasing your need to use moisturizers and exfoliate. Changes in skin tone and evenness are also common in your 50s. These changes mean a new set of guidelines for picking and applying makeup during this decade. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

Selecting Products

1. Pick makeup colors that match your natural skin tone. Use light colors for lipsticks and glosses based on your skin tone.

2. Avoid excessively bright colors and makeup combinations that contrast; these make the wearer look older.

3. Use foundations and concealers with built-in moisturizers to bring vitality to drying skin. Pick creams rather than powders and use products with sun protection.

Applying Products

4. Use foundation and concealer sparingly. Apply these with a brush and address the spots on your face that need it most, such as spots and blemishes. Aim to make your face appear brighter and healthier.

5. Apply one tone of sheer eyeshadow to the upper lid of your eye toward your brow. This provides a look that is less bogged down tan the three-color method. Don't place dark makeup under your eyes, because this gives the appearance of black eyes.

6. Mix concealer with a moisturizer and apply to the area under your eyes. Smile when you apply blush to capture the high points of your cheeks.

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Plan For Mastectomy Surgery

Plan for Mastectomy Surgery

Being diagnosed with breast cancer will throw your life into turmoil. But with good planning, proper treatment and a positive attitude, your chances of recovery will improve. If a mastectomy is necessary, use the following steps to plan for surgery.

Instructions

1. Gather information about mastectomy surgery. Use the Internet to visit the official breast cancer Web site (see Resources below) for the most current information where you can gain access to a number of resources in one location. Visit the library and purchase medical journals to keep you up to date as well.

2. Check in with the many independent organizations dedicated to breast cancer information, awareness and community. The Susan G. Komen Foundation, Gilda's Club and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation all offer supplemented or free services and can be found online. There are also support groups and information available through these Web sites.

3. Look into breast reconstruction. The Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act (WHCRA) of 1998 requires that health care providers who give mastectomy benefits also provide some kind of reconstructive and post-mastectomy coverage.

4. Let your doctor know any important information. You will need to divulge if you are pregnant or nursing. Also, inform him or her about any allergies or bad reactions to anesthesia or medications and about any medications that you are taking for other medical conditions.

5. Write your questions down on paper and bring them to your doctor. Many people report that being informed and engaged is an enormous source of comfort.

6. Make arrangements. You can expect to be in the hospital for at least two days and will not be able to resume your daily activities for a few weeks. Having someone to help you with everyday tasks at home will help you recover more quickly.

7. Listen to instructions. Refrain from eating, drinking, smoking and taking medications, supplements and vitamins during the recommended time before the surgery. This period usually lasts between 6 and 12 hours prior to the procedure. During this time, clear liquids may be allowed.

Tags: breast cancer, Plan Mastectomy, Plan Mastectomy Surgery, your doctor