What Kind Of Health Screenings Do Health Insurance Companies Conduct

Some health insurance plans, like group employer plans, do not require you to prove you are insurable prior to issuing coverage. As of 2010, however, many individual insurance plans collect medical information about you as part of the underwriting process and can still use it to determine whether or not to issue you a policy and what they will charge as a premium. The required information varies by company and state law, but the sources of information generally remain the same. Some of this is subject to change as aspects of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 are phased in.

Insurance Application

If medical underwriting is required for the insurance plan you desire, there will always be a medical questionnaire as part of the application form. Expect thorough questioning about every body part and organ system you have, regardless of which company you choose. There may be questions about your smoking and drinking habits, as well as family history of chronic diseases and cancer. Most applications will have a final question asking you to detail any medical problems, current or former, for which no specific questions appear earlier on the questionnaire. With these questions, the insurer attempts to identify the likelihood of you requiring major medical attention so it can decide whether or not it wants you as a customer.

Medical History

Don't be surprised if the health insurer requests a copy of your medical records from your current doctor. This is to verify the information you list on the application, catch conditions you may have omitted from the application and get medical diagnoses and treatments for any condition you may have. The application itself likely requires you to list actual dates of office visits and reasons for service for the previous five years, so the insurer may want to see corresponding medical records for that same period of time.

Medical Information Bureau

Some medical records are submitted to the Medical Information Bureau. Formed in 1902, the Bureau consists of over 400 member insurance companies in the United States and Canada. Its primary goal is to protect the insurers from intentional omissions by applicants regarding medical issues for life, health, disability income, critical illness and long-term care insurance. Your health insurer will likely utilize the Bureau's data records to underwrite your application. The Bureau can provide a more detailed history for individuals who may have changed locations and doctors a number of times.

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Risks Of Teenage Smoking

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer and many other incurable conditions.

Each day, approximately 3,900 people between the ages of 12 and 17 in the United States will smoke their first cigarette, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In 2009, an estimated 20 percent of high school students were smokers. Teenage smoking has far-reaching consequences and can cause significant harm to a developing body. The earlier a teenager starts smoking, the greater is his risk of developing smoking-related diseases. Smokeless tobacco is also responsible for many chronic health problems in teens.

High Chance of Lifelong Addiction

A majority of the people who begin smoking during adolescence become addicted to the habit by the age of 20. This is because teenagers are easily addicted to the drug nicotine found in cigarettes. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 90 percent of all adult smokers started smoking before they turned 19. A majority of the people who do not smoke or use smokeless tobacco when they are teenagers will never smoke later in life.

Shortness of Breath

A cigarette contains about 4,000 chemicals, most of which are poisonous. Each puff of cigarette smoke causes serious, irreparable damage to the alveoli in the lungs. The alveoli transfer oxygen to the blood, and the chemicals from smoking make them less efficient in this task. This causes shortness of breath, which makes it difficult for teenagers to indulge in activities such as running or dancing.

Higher Rate of Drug and Alcohol Use

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, smoking is often the first step toward dependence on alcohol and drugs. Teenagers who smoke are three times more likely to drink alcohol. Also, teenage smokers have a much higher incidence of regular drug use. They are much more likely to use cocaine, marijuana and heroin as compared to teenagers who do not smoke.

Inferior Development

The Center for Young Women's Health at Children's Hospital, Boston, cites smoking as the reason for inferior development in young people. As compared to non-smokers, young smokers have smaller lungs and weaker hearts. Smoking also reduces immunity, thereby increasing the incidence of sickness among young smokers. Reduced lung capacity results in higher chances of pneumonia and bronchitis among teenage smokers. Smokers who get a cold also have a longer, more persistent cough.

Reduced Fertility

Smoking causes a reduction in hormone levels, according to The Children, Youth and Women's Health Service, South Australia. In young girls, it can make menstrual periods more painful. It also reduces fertility levels in both sexes. Smoking reduces sperm count in men and can also increase the numbers of abnormal sperm.

Range of Health Problems

According to the American Cancer Society, about one-third of the teenagers addicted to smoking will die prematurely. Some of the main causes of such deaths are lung cancer, oral cancer, heart disease, pancreatic cancer and stroke. Smoking also contributes to gum disease, tooth loss, hearing loss and eye problems.

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Starting Salary For A Radiologist Technician

Radiologist technicians help catch diseases before they spread untreated.

Radiologist technicians use radiologic equipment to take scans and X-rays of human body parts. Generally, technicians must complete at least an associate degree before they start working. However, if technicians earn bachelor's degrees, they can earn higher wages. Certain industries such as scientific research and development and employment services pay radiologists higher wages than other industries.

Starting Salaries for Radiologist Technicians

Radiologist technicians with less than two years of work experience earn about $36,918 a year, according to the American Society of Radiologic Technicians (ASRT). Chief technicians start out earning between $42,768, while newly hired senior radiologists earned $48,331 a year as of 2010. New technician salaries increase depending on the state they are employed in. For example, California employers generally paid radiologists a starting hourly wage of $16.61 according to X Ray Technician Schools. Texas and Florida paid recently hired radiologist technicians $13.27 and $11 an hour, respectively.

Average National Salaries

The 213,560 radiologist technicians working in the country as of May 2009 earned a mean annual salary of $54,180, according to the United States Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics. Average annual salaries for these medical workers ranged from $35,700 to $75,440.

By Industry

The top-paying industry for radiologist technicians was scientific research and development services. Annual wages that technicians earned in the industry were $64,800. Management, scientific and technical consulting organizations paid their new and experienced technicians $61,970 a year as of May 2009, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The next top-paying industries for the career field were employment services, office administrative services and specialty hospitals. Technicians who took and diagnosed X-rays in these three industries earned $59,620, $58,360 and $58,320 a year, respectively.

Top-Paying States

Massachusetts not only employed 6,290 radiologist technicians, the highest of all the states, it also paid radiologist technicians more than other states. Technicians working in Massachusetts earned $68,530 a year as of May 2009 according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Nevada was not far behind, paying its radiologists $66,420 a year. Maryland, Hawaii and the District of Columbia paid radiologist technicians $65,820, $63,470 and $63,270, respectively.

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Importance Of Medicare Supplement Open Enrollment

Open enrollment for Medicare supplements offers the advantage of enrolling in coverage without the insurance company examining your medical history.

Time Frame

Open for a period of six months, the open enrollment period allows you to purchase a supplement plan for your Medicare part A and part B. This period begins on the first day of the month you turn 65.

Benefits

This six-month period allows you to apply for supplemental coverage without fear of increased rates or rejection due to preexisting conditions.

Wait Periods

Wait periods for preexisting conditions are not allowed if you enroll during your open enrollment period.

Yearly Opportunities

From Nov. 15 through Dec. 31 each year, you are able to evaluate your coverage and decide if you want to change policies at that time. Going into effect Jan. 1 of the following year, these changes may be subject to wait periods, rate increases or declines due to preexisting health issues.

Special Exceptions

If you receive Medicare before age 65 due to disability or End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), the open enrollment period at age 65 gives you the opportunity to review your coverage options. This is beneficial because you have the option of lowering your monthly premium and comparing a wider range of policies.

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California Medicaid Benefits

Medi-Cal covers diabetic testing supplies.

Medicaid is a state-operated, federally- and state-funded health insurance program for low-income individuals that fall into certain categories. These include the elderly, the disabled, pregnant women and children. California's Department of Health Care Services oversees Medi-Cal, California's Medicaid program.

Eligibility

If enrolled in any of the following programs, you may eligible for Medi-Cal: refugee assistance, foster care or adoption assistance program, in-Home Supportive Services (IHSS), CalWorks (AFDC) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). You may also be eligible if you are elderly (age 65 and over), blind, disabled, under 21, pregnant, in a skilled nursing or immediate care home, on refugee status for a limited time (depending on how long you have been in the United States), a parent or caretaker relative or a child under 21 with a deceased parent or the parent doesn't live with the child. You also might be eligible if incapacitated, under employed or unemployed, or if you are a woman diagnosed with breast or cervical cancer.

Applying

You can get a Medi-Cal application online, by calling 916-445-4171, or visiting your local county social services office. Submit your application by dropping it off at or mailing it to your county social services office. You will need to submit proof of identity, such as a birth certificate, California state-issued identification card or driver's license. You must also show your Social Security card, proof of income, such as pay stubs, Social Security award letter, or for self-employed, last year's federal income tax return, and proof of qualifying deductible expenses, such as child support, medical care and alimony.

Coverage

Medi-Cal covers medical services, including long-term care, mental health, physician services, drug and alcohol treatment, and inpatient care. It also covers allied health services, including acupuncture, chiropractic, emergency and non-emergency medical transportation, vision and dental care, prescription drugs, medical equipment and other medical services and equipment.

Waivers

Medi-Cal waivers provide coverage for services necessary for specific populations, including individuals with HIV/AIDS, developmentally disabled, mentally retarded and individuals in-need of nursing home care. Waivers include the Assisted Living Waiver Pilot Project, AIDS Medi-Cal Waiver Program, Developmentally Disabled waiver, Multipurpose Senior Service Waiver Program (MSSP), In-Home Operations and Nursing Facility/Acute Hospital waivers. Contact your local county social services office to get enrollment instructions for waiver programs.

Presumptive Eligibility

Presumptive Eligibility (PE) for pregnant women allows qualified providers to give pregnant women temporary coverage under Medi-Cal for pregnancy-related medical expenses, including ambulatory prenatal care, prescription drugs and other necessary prenatal services. Coverage under PE extends until approval of the individual's formal Medi-Cal application.

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Apply Online For A Job At Jcpenney

Apply Online for a Job at JCPenney

JCPenney, one of America's oldest retail companies, employs 150,000 associates at more than 1,100 stores across the United States. Job opportunities exist in retail, the company's salons, distribution or as a manager.

Instructions

1. Go to JCPenney.com and scroll to the bottom of the screen. Click on "Career Opportunities" and wait for the page to load.

2. Click the the "Apply Now or Update Profile" link once the "Career Opportunities" page has loaded.

3. Register for the site by clicking on the "click here to Register" link near the top of the page. Before searching for jobs, You will need to fill in your email address and an eight-character password, and choose a unique security question.

4. Narrow your search on the job search page, which will reload after you register. Type in a keyword such as "salon," "management" or "retail clerk." You can also refine your search by state. Be aware that the job you may be looking for may not be available in your area, but that's no reason not to submit your application.

5. Update your profile with your contact information. To do so, click on "My Profile" under the Career Tools box next to the search menu.

6. Add your cover letters, references and other materials to the website by clicking on "My Career Tools." Under the beige box, click the "Add an Attachment"; the next screen that loads will ask you what type of file you are attaching. Select the correct file from your computer and upload it to the site.

7. Begin your job search after adding all relevant information by entering a keyword and filtering the results by job, state or other category offered. Once you have found the perfect job, you can either upload a resume or copy and paste a resume to the website. To upload a resume, click on "Upload a Resume" and then "Browse." Find the correct file on your computer and click "Continue." If you choose to copy and paste your resume onto the site, an empty box is available into which you can paste or type your resume.

8. Fill in the box that pops up asking for your online resume. The screen will ask for further information, such as references, skills and educational levels. Fill in the information and check it several times before clicking on the "Submit Application" button at the bottom of the form. An on-screen confirmation will alert you of you application status. Congratulations and good luck in becoming an employee at JCPenney.

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Xray Tech Salary Vs Surgical Tech Salary

X-Ray and surgical technicians are both healthcare professionals who use technical skills to assist medical staff treat and diagnose patients. An X-ray tech, also referred to as radiological technician, uses diagnostic imaging equipment to produce X-ray images of patients for medical staff. Surgical techs work with operating room personnel to prepare and operate equipment, as well as assist staff during surgical procedures.

Qualifications

Qualifications and requirements to practice professionally vary for these occupations. Requirements are regulated by each state. X-ray techs often complete approximately two years of formal training which leads to a certificate or associates degree in radiography. Because this job may expose these professionals to radiation, some states require a license to practice professionally, which includes passing a state-administered examination. Surgical techs can obtain training from a variety of vocational programs leading to a certificate or associates degree in surgical technology or a related discipline. Although there are no licensing requirements for surgical techs, employment opportunities may increase for those who obtain the Certified Surgical Technologist credential from the Liaison Council on Certification for the Surgical Technologist.

Average Salaries

Most employers pay these professionals an hourly wage, as well as overtime wages for working more than 40 hours per week. In November 2010, Payscale reported average salaries ranged between $15.53 and $23.56 per hour for X-ray technicians, and overtime wages ranged between $22.37 and $34.71 per hour. For surgical technicians, average salaries ranged between $14.38 and $20.15 per hour, and overtime wages ranged between $19.65 and $30.39 per hour.

Additional Compensation

X-ray technicians and surgical technicians often receive bonuses based on their employer's financial performance. Payscale reported average bonuses ranged between $195 and $1,184 per year for X-ray technicians and for surgical technicians, average bonuses ranged between $197 and $971 per year. X-ray technicians' total compensation ranged between $33,549 and $51,151 per year, while surgical technicians total compensation ranged between $30,755 and $44,156 per year.

Employers

Both of these professionals work in a variety of healthcare industries including hospitals and orthopedic surgery providers. Other industries include medical service providers, outpatient surgery facilities and health clinics. Payscale reported hospitals paid average salaries ranging from $15.87 to $24.07 per hour to X-ray technicians, and $14.93 to $20.88 per hour to surgical technicians. Orthopedic surgery providers paid average salaries ranging from $15.06 to $22.72 per hour to X-ray technicians, and $14.38 to $20.02 per hour to surgical technicians.

Job Outlook

Overall, healthcare occupations are expected to continue to grow. The Bureau of Labor Statistics expects employment opportunities to grow faster than average for both of these occupations between 2008 and 2018. Growth is expected because of an increase in aging populations who will require diagnostic and surgical procedures.

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Recognize Dupuytren'S Contracture

Dupuytren's contracture oftens requires surgical intervention.

Dupuytren's contracture, also called Dupuytren's disease, is a progressive thickening and tightening of the connective tissue in the palm. As it progresses, nodules form and become cords, which eventually pull the fingers into a bent position. Cords typically affect the ring and pinky fingers, but the contracture can develop under any finger. It most commonly occurs in men over age 50, and the cause is unknown. With time, Duputren's disease causes significant contractures of the affected fingers, precluding activities that require straight fingers like shaking hands or reaching into a pocket. A physician must diagnose this condition, but several indicators point to Dupuytren's contracture.

Instructions

1. Look at the skin on your palm one inch below the base of your fingers and at the base of your thumb. Early Dupuytren's disease appears as a painless lump or nodule in these areas. Press down firmly over the skin and feel along this area for nodules that are developing under the skin.

2. Monitor the nodule and watch for changes. As Dupuytren's disease progresses, these nodules will dimple and pucker the skin. You might feel some stretching of the skin in this area when you fully straighten your fingers, but the skin is not tender.

3. Place your hand flat on a table top. If you are developing a contracture, the affected fingers will not completely contact its surface. Consult a doctor if the contracture progresses and begins to limit your function. No conservative treatment exists for Dupuytren's contracture; surgical removal of the affected connective tissue is required.

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Who Is Qualified To Get Ohio Medicaid Benefits

Who Is Qualified to Get Ohio Medicaid Benefits?

Quality healthcare can be expensive, making it out of reach for some Ohio families. The state of Ohio, with funding from the federal government, offers four Medicaid plans for low-income families who meet the qualifications. While each of these plans is designed for a different demographic, they all require beneficiaries to meet income eligibility guidelines, be Ohio residents and meet citizenship requirements, which include having a Social Security Number.

Children, Families and Pregnant Women

There are two Ohio Medicaid plan for children, families and pregnant women. Children and pregnant women in families making up to 200 percent of the federal poverty level are eligible for Healthy Start, also known as the State Children's Health Insurance Program. For families with an income up to 90 percent of the federal poverty guidelines, Medicaid benefits are extended to all family members, as long as someone under age 19 lives in the household.

Breast and Cervical Cancer Project

The Ohio Department of Health's Breast and Cervical Cancer Project extends Ohio Medicaid benefits to uninsured women who need treatment for breast and/or cervical cancer. To be eligible for this program, women must meet the basic residency requirements, and have been screen for breast and cervical cancer through the Ohio BCCP. This Medicaid option covers the woman's health care expenses while she is being treated for cancer or precancerous conditions, and the eligibility ends when the treatment ends, unless she qualifies for another Medicaid program.

Aged, Disabled and Blind

Ohio has Medicaid options for Ohio residents over age 65 or disabled as well. To qualify for the Medicaid for the Aged, Blind or Disabled, you must be over age 65, legally blind or have a disability as classified by the Social Security Administration. You must meet the basic requirements for eligibility, and provide proof of your age, income, disability, citizenship and other health insurance. This is generally done through a face-to-face interview with a caseworker at your local job and family services office.

Medicaid Buy-In for Workers with Disabilities

If you are disabled but still working, you may qualify for Ohio's Medicaid Buy-In for Workers with Disabilities program. If you are between the ages of 16 and 64, work either full or part time and are disabled, per the Social Security Administration guidelines and meet the residency requirements, you can apply for MBIWD benefits. If you qualify for this program, and your income is more than 150 percent of the federal poverty guidelines, you are required to pay a monthly premium for your benefits.

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Indiana & Overnight Child Visitation Laws

It is important for separated parents to continue to act in their child's best interests.

The Indiana Parenting Time Regulations are the guidelines followed by the Indiana family court when determining the extent of a non-custodial parent's overnight visitation rights. The Regulations are to be used as a model; priority must always be given to acting in the best interests of the child. Unless deemed otherwise, the premise is that it is usually in the child's best interest to have frequent and continuous overnight contact with both parents.

Early Infancy

It is recommended that babies have overnight parenting time with the non-custodial parent for one night per week.

The Indiana Parenting Time Regulations advise that in relation to children in early infancy (i.e. from birth to 18 months), the non-custodial parent may have overnight visitation for one night per week, provided he or she has previously demonstrated a regular pattern of care and responsibility for the child prior to the separation. Consideration should be given to the stability of the infant's schedule, and disruption should be kept to a minimum.

Later Infancy

Overnight parenting time with the non-custodial parent is considered to be important for the development and wellbeing of the child

The Regulations allow that for children aged 19 to 36 months, overnight stays with the non-custodial parent may take place. In the case of non-custodial parents who did not initially exercise substantial care responsibilities, overnight parenting time can be recommended provided the scheduled parenting time under the guidelines has been adhered to for a continuous period of at least 9 months.

Older Children

By the time a child is 3 years old, the non-custodial parent should have more overnight parenting time.

For children aged 3 years and over, the family court in Indiana recommends that the non-custodial parent has regular overnight parenting time on alternate weekends, from 6 p.m. on Friday until 6 p.m. on Sunday, plus additional overnight parenting time of up to 4 non-consecutive weeks per year, and half of school vacation time. If the parents live enough distance apart to warrant it, it is reasonable to extend a regular evening visit to an overnight stay.

Adolescents and Teenagers

It is recommended that teenagers have extensive overnight parenting time with the non-custodial parent.

Overnight parenting time with the non-custodial parent on alternate weekends, during vacations and for a lengthy period during the summer are recommended for adolescents and teenagers in Indiana. The guidelines advise that parents consider the child's involvement in academic and extra-curricular activities when scheduling overnight parenting time. The Indiana family court considers the most crucial factor in keeping a teenager safe from harm is strong family ties to both parents, which are thought to be strengthened by overnight parenting time with the non-custodial parent.

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Definition Of Medical Diagnosis Codes

Medical diagnosis codes are a method by which healthcare professionals request payment for services rendered in a multitude of medical and health care scenarios. All medical insurance claims submitted to insurance companies must be accompanied by a medical code for the condition, treatments, diagnosis and any procedures performed by a healthcare provider for the treatment of illness, injury or disease.

Types of Codes

Medical codes are divided into categories such as Diseases of the Circulatory System, or Infections and Parasitic Diseases or Mental Disorders. Every type of illness is found under a certain category in the medical coding classification manual known as the ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases - Clinical Modification).

Coding Categories

The ICD-9 Coding Manual is divided into 17 chapters. The manual also designates medical codes for factors that involve health status or define contact with health services, called V codes. In addition, the ICD-9 utilizes E codes, which define the external causes of injury and where they occured.

Procedure Codes

Procedure codes are also an important part of the medical code process, as it specifies the types of treatment or procedures that an individual might undergo in the course of treatment for injuries, illnesses or disease processes

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures

The ICD-9 coding manual also offers a section to specify precise treatments and services rendered by health care professionals in outpatient care facilities and hospitals. Medical codes for doctor's office visits are provided by the CPT (Current Procedural Terminology), also used for such services as anesthesia, surgery, pathology and laboratory services.

Why Medical Codes are Important

Without a unified system of medical codes, billing and payment for services rendered would be nearly impossible, as every doctor or health care facility might use different terminology or standards for treatment. The ICD-9 provides thousands of universally accepted codes, designated in letters and numbers, for billing and payment purposes.

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What Are The Causes Of Bilateral Pleural Thickening

One side of the plural cavity containing the lung and other organs

The pleural cavity, in humans, refers to the body cavity that surrounds the lungs. This cavity is composed of a bi-layered membrane termed pleura. Bilateral pleural thickening refers to thickening of this membrane in both lungs, normally resulting from inflammation. A variety of potential causes trigger inflammation of the pleura.

Asbestos Exposure

Chronic exposure to asbestos is one of the most common causes of pleural thickening. The tiny asbestos particles can bypass the lung filtration system and enter the lungs, where they imbed within the tissue, resulting in inflammation and scarring. Asbestos-related thickening normally occurs in conjunction with other medical conditions, including fibrosis and pleural effusion. Although asbestos disease is a serious condition, it is very treatable with medication that allows improved breathing by reducing inflammation. However, asbestos-related thickening has been linked to formation of a serious form of cancer called mesothelioma.

Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma is a relatively rare and malignant form of cancer of the lining of the body's internal organs, call mesothelium. The most common site of mesothelioma development is the pleura of the lungs resulting from chronic exposure to certain particles or chemicals, including asbestos. Symptoms of mesothelioma are analogous to other conditions that result in pleural thickening, including coughing, shortness of breath and chest pain. The presence of these symptoms in less threatening conditions makes mesothelioma very difficult to diagnose. Even with proper diagnosis, the current available treatments of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are often unsuccessful.

Bacterial Infection

Tuberculosis, which results from infection of the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, causes inflammation and subsequent pleural thickening of the mesothelium within the lung cavity.

Lupus

Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of various tissues within the body, including mesothelium. Thus, pleural thickening may manifest and cause serious complications with the disease.

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Xray Technician Vocational Training

An X-ray technician, or radiologic technician, provides a number of services to both the patients and the doctor. The X-ray technician is responsible for setting up radiological procedures, such as X-rays, CT scans and MRIs, in accordance with the doctor's orders. The radiologic technician also is responsible for preparing the patient for the procedure, as well as making the patient as comfortable as possible.

High School Preparation

Someone wishing to pursue a career as a radiologic technician may begin their preparation in high school. Taking as many courses in physics, biology, chemistry and mathematics as possible lays the foundation for the coursework that follows during vocational training. Taking basic computer classes while in high school gives the future X-ray technician a good understanding of the tools he uses on a daily basis for his job.

Vocational Training

Vocational training to become a radiologic technician follows two basic paths. With one path, the student earns a certificate within 12 to 24 months. With the other career path, the student attends a community college and earns an associate's degree. This path often takes 24 months to complete, but it enables the X-ray technician student to pursue advanced degrees in the future. Either career path offers courses in physiology, radiation physics, radiobiology, pathology, anatomy, patient care procedures, radiation protection and medical terminology. During vocation training, students learn the proper positioning of patients, as well as the basics of medical ethics. Some schools offer clinical training in a medical setting as well as classroom work.

Specialized Training

If an X-ray technician wants to specialize, she may take additional coursework to prepare her to take MRIs and CT scans. Mammography and bone densitometry are two other specialized fields. Part of the coursework in these specialized fields revolves around the use of nuclear imaging. Safe handling of nuclear materials is part of the specialized training. The length of time necessary to obtain the additional training varies by specialty, but it may take at least a year more.

Certification

Certification is voluntary, but it increases an X-ray technician's chances of obtaining a job. Each state has its own rules regarding certifying individuals who complete X-ray technician training. Most states follow the certification guidelines of the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists. AART also offers certification exams, which many states accept as part of the certification process. Once a technician receives his certification, it is good for a two-year period.

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Get Free Medical Advice

Get Free Medical Advice

Everyone knows that medical advice can be expensive. If you make an appointment with a doctor and you don't have health insurance, you can expect to pay upwards of $100 for a simple office visit. If you are not ready to seek out treatment, you can use other sources besides a physician's office to get medical advice.

Instructions

1. Consult a medical encyclopedia. You can find these texts in most libraries and they can be used to check out information on health conditions and diseases. The A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia has thousands of medical articles.

2. Go to a free health fair. Hospitals and other community organizations hold health fairs numerous times over the course of the year. These fairs can give you the opportunity to talk to doctors and nurses about your health.

3. Use a medical website for advice. WebMD is one of the best medical resources available on the web. You can use it to find out detailed information about various diseases as well as use the symptom checker tool to figure out possible ailments.

4. Find a physician's blog to get medical advice. Many doctors are now creating their own blogs where they dole out medical information for free to the masses.

5. Email your doctor. To cut down on the number of office visits that they have a day, a doctor may offer to give you advice over email. Many doctors won't charge for this service.

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Can A Doctor Refuse Medical Treatment Because Of Bankruptcy On A Medical Loan

Declaring bankruptcy on a medical loan might mean your doctor refuses further treatment, but in practice, bankruptcy rarely effects your ability to get health care. However, you might consider repaying the debt after bankruptcy even though you may not owe it. If your doctor ends your relationship, you will be able to get treatment somewhere else.

Doctor Discretion

A private doctor can refuse medical treatment because you previously discharged a medical loan in bankruptcy. Whether a doctor actually denies you treatment is his own decision. Most doctors do not refuse treatment if you are in need. The Hippocratic Oath essentially requires that doctors help a person in need.

Exceptions

A hospital that receives any amount of federal funding may not deny you emergency medical care because you defaulted on a loan in the past. A for-profit hospital can refuse treatment, but probably would not. The exception for any hospital is discretionary treatment. If, for example, you want botox injections for cosmetic reasons, the hospital could reject the request for surgery.

Considerations

While you may have escaped the medical loan, you may strain your relationship with your health care provider. Although the doctor cannot give you substandard treatment out of "revenge," he might not be accommodating to any future financial distress, such as if you have trouble paying future medical bills and want to work out a payment payment or negotiate the charges.

Communication

Ideally, you want to talk to your doctor about including your medical loan in bankruptcy before you actually file. State that your attorney has advised that you include all creditors, so you are obliging your legal counsel. You could work out a partial payment before bankruptcy to cancel the debt. If the bankruptcy has already passed, nothing stops you from paying voluntarily, which might show enough character that the doctor agrees to keep you as a patient.

Tags: medical loan, your doctor, health care, loan bankruptcy, medical loan bankruptcy

About Breast Sizes

About Breast Sizes

American culture is obsessed with breast size. Just turn on the television or look at some popular women's magazines and you will see many women wearing revealing clothing to accentuate their breasts. It almost seems as if everyone is enhanced or pushed up. Unfortunately many young teenage girls feel as though they need to look thin yet busty, which causes them to have a poor body image because they can never measure up to society's idea of perfection. In reality no one is perfect, not even a super model with a boob job.

Identification

Breasts come in all shapes and sizes. Breasts are meant to attract the opposite sex, but they also have a much greater purpose. Breasts are made to be milk delivery systems. One single drop of breast milk has millions of live white blood cells in it, in addition to proteins, fats and other super nutrients.

Size

Breast size is measured by cup sizes. Small breasts range from AA- A to a B cup. Medium sized breasts are in the C cup range. Large breasts are D, and DD cup size. Extra large breasts are F, G, and H cup size.

Time Frame

The amount of time it takes for breasts to reach full develop varies widely. Most teenage girls will begin puberty at age 12. Breast budding will begin shortly before or after this happens. It can take 2 to 8 years for breasts to reach full development. Breast development doesn't always stop at age 18 for every person. Everyone is different and some women even continue to develop well into their twenties. Pregnancy and breastfeeding can also bring on more breast development depending on the person.

Misconceptions

Some people believe that women with very small breasts are unable to breastfeed. This is a total misconception. Breast size is determined by the amount of fat in the breasts. Weight, hormones and genetics are the three determining factors when it comes to how much fat the body decides to deposit in the breasts. Every woman has the same number of mammary glands regardless of how big or small her breasts are. Milk is not made from the fat in a woman's breasts; milk is made from the mammary glands. Size doesn't matter at all when it comes to breastfeeding. Breasts are made to feed babies. It is very rare for a woman to not have the ability to produce milk, although the formula companies would have them think differently. Some times traumatic birth experience or poor diet can delay milk production, but with patience and diligence everything will flow as it is meant it be within weeks.

Warning

Some women consider surgery as an option to enlarge their breasts. Before resorting to surgery it is essential to do your homework. There are many things to consider before resorting to surgery. Complications can arise which result in scarring, infection, or even death. While the worst case scenario is not common, it can still happen.

Tags: About Breast, About Breast Sizes, Breast size, Breast Sizes, Breasts made

Apply For Medicaid

Apply for Medicaid

To apply for Medicaid you need to contact your local social services department and show proof of your financial need for this assistance.

Instructions

1. Understand that Medicaid is a state-run program that provides medical insurance for low-income people. Each state has different eligibility requirements and different application procedures.

2. Know that if you receive SSI (Supplemental Security Income) from the Social Security Administration, you will probably qualify for Medicaid.

3. Recognize that there have been recent limits placed on this program at the federal level, so the benefits are not as wide as they used to be.

4. Contact your local state Department of Social Services or Human Services. Your state may have a different name for this agency. It is the agency that provides food stamps and financial assistance. Call your county building and ask for the name of it if you don't know it.

5. Ask for a Medicaid application. You will need to complete it in the office.

6. Take your birth certificate, driver's license, pay stubs, Social Security card, proof of address, proof of other insurance if you have it and information about any bank accounts you have.

7. Be prepared to answer questions about your finances. Eligibility is based on your income level.

8. Ask office personnel for assistance if you do not know complete the form.

9. Request assistance at home if you would like to apply but are unable to leave home.

Tags: Apply Medicaid, Social Security, that provides, your local

Ideas For Columns

Columns offer structural integrity and decorative flair to buildings of all eras.

Columns are architectural elements that can be used structurally or decoratively. Several different types of columns are suitable for complementing the decor of your home, and they come in a wide spectrum of materials, styles and colors. The Classical order of columns was Doric, Tuscan, Ionic and Corinthian; these ranged from simple and elegant to detailed and elaborate. The most popular materials for these columns are now fiberglass, fiberglass reinforced polymer or stained wood instead of marble. Does this Spark an idea?

Pedestals

One of the most popular ways to use columns in your home is as a pedestal for a sculpture, plant or collectible. Columns are available in a wide variety of heights and circumferences, along with many materials and colors. You could use a short column with a small circumference to hold a special plant or art piece on an entry table. You could even use a small column for a centerpiece on a large dining table. Taller pedestals are useful for larger pieces and can liven up any corner of your home. For example, display a classic bust on a sturdy column pedestal in your foyer.

Structural Columns

If you are doing renovations, you can request columns to be placed at strategic points in your home to complement your design ideals. For example, have your entrance door framed by columns fixed into the wall. This will give your doorway a stately appearance from both the interior and exterior. Alternatively, have your stairway supported by columns, or even have a full height column placed in your home solely for decoration. The full height will make it appear as though it is structural.

Furniture with Columns

A creative way to use columns is to create new furniture pieces with them. For example, you can purchase four pillars of the same style, height and circumference and then cover them with a table top. Columns are flat at the top and bottom, making them ideal for this type of application, and to use them in furniture design would produce a substantial yet classic dining table or kitchen island. Columns can also provide stable bases for glass tops for accent, pedestal or entry tables.

Choosing a Column

The choice of column is dependent on your decor and personal tastes. If your home is modern, you could choose a Doric column that is plain or fluted with little decoration at the capital. You might prefer a rectangular or square pillar to continue the clean lines in your home. If you tend toward antiques and collectibles, your home could benefit from a Corinthian column that is fluted and extremely detailed with an elegant capital modeled after acanthus leaves. A column has many uses and can add elegance to any space, as long as it fits with the style of your home.

Tags: your home, column that, dining table, full height, have your

Ultrasound Schools In Tennessee

A number of schools in Tennessee offer programs in ultrasound technology.

A number of Tennessee-based hospitals, community colleges and universities offer programs in ultrasound technology or diagnostic medical sonography, a field the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts will grow by 18 percent from 2008 through 2018. These ultrasound schools carry the accreditation of the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs and meet the educational requirements for the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography certification program.

Volunteer State Community College

A public, two-year institution, Volunteer State Community College was founded in 1970. With its main campus in Gallatin, the school is home to more than 4,400 students. The sonography program at Volunteer State is open only to students who already have an associate degree in an allied healthcare field, such as respiratory therapy or nursing or who have a bachelor's degree in any major with previous coursework in anatomy, medical terminology, physics and algebra. The school also requires an interview and two letters of recommendation from all applicants. Those admitted to the program spend 13 months studying topics such as abdominal, obstetrical, gynecologic and small parts sonography.

Volunteer State Community College

1480 Nashville Pike

Gallatin, TN 37066

615-452-8600

volstate.edu

Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Vanderbilt University Medical Center is a 658-bed general hospital located in Nashville, Tennessee. Each year, the Medical Center's School of Diagnostic Medical Sonography admits five students into its 18-month sonography program. During the course of the program, students complete six clinical rotations in the hospital to gain hands-on training in the field. Specialties covered in Vanderbilt's sonography program include sonographic physics and instrumentation, abdominal, neurosonology, obstetrics and gynecological. A two- or four-year allied health program certificate or a bachelor's degree are necessary for admission.

Vanderbilt University Medical Center

1161 21st Avenue South

MCN-CCC1121

Nashville, TN 37232

615-343-0905

vanderbilt.edu

Chattanooga State Community College

Founded in 1965, Chattanooga State Community College is home to more than 8,000 students. The College's diagnostic sonography program requires students to have an associate's degree in allied health to be admitted. Students must also receive a letter of recommendation, have documented proof of time spent observing ultrasounds and participate in an interview. The program lasts 12 months and requires three clinical internships. Topics covered in the curriculum include abdominal, small parts and gynecological ultrasound technology.

Chattanooga State Community College

4501 Amnicola Highway

Chattanooga, TN 37406

423-697-4404

chattanoogastate.edu

Baptist Memorial College of Health Science

Baptist Memorial College of Health Sciences in Memphis was founded in 1912. The school is home to more than 1,000 students and grants a bachelor's degree in diagnostic medical sonography. The program typically requires four years to complete with all students studying a variety of ultrasound techniques, including abdominal, obstetrics and gynecology, neurosonography, vascular technology and adult echocardiography. Students do not need a previous degree to apply, but the school prefers to admit applicants who have previously shadowed a professional in the field. Students spend six trimesters participating in clinical rotations as well, which require 16 to 32 hours of work per week in addition to classroom and laboratory activities.

Baptist Memorial College of Health Sciences

1003 Monroe Avenue

Memphis, TN 38104

901-572-2468

bchs.edu

Tags: Community College, State Community, State Community College, sonography program, Medical Center, Volunteer State

Colleges That Offer Radiology Tech Courses

Radiology technologists take images of the human body.

Also known as radiographers, radiology technologists use sophisticated technology to take images of the human body for diagnostic purposes. In addition to performing diagnostic tests, radiology technologists are also responsible for administrative duties while working under the supervision of a physician. Radiology technology programs are offered at the bachelor’s and associate degree levels.

Los Angeles City College

Los Angeles City College provides a variety of vocational courses in fields such as nursing, engineering, computer science and business. The associate degree course in radiologic technology is accredited by the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT). Prospective applicants must pass specific prerequisite courses including anatomy and physiology, mathematics, English and radiologic technology 101. Students are also required to meet certain physical health requirements. In addition, applicants should possess good visual and auditory skills, as well as gross and fine motor coordination, and good communication skills.

Los Angeles City College

855 N. Vermont Ave.

Los Angeles, Calif. 90029

323-953-4000

lacitycollege.edu

Lansing Community College

Lansing Community College offers a variety of associate, certificate and diploma courses in various fields of study including aviation electronics, computer graphics, dance and interior design. The radiologic technology course is accredited by the Joint Review Committee on education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT), and is a 21-month associate degree program. Students who successfully complete the training will be eligible to take the national license examination, which is administered by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT). Course highlights include radiologic physics, cross-sectional anatomy, clinical practice, and introduction to imaging.

Lansing Community College

P.O. Box 40010

Lansing, MI 48901-7210

517-483-1957

lcc.edu

Gurnick Academy of Medical Arts

Gurnick Academy of Medical Arts is in four cities in California, and was established in 2004. The academy offers a wide array of vocational courses in health care such as nursing, psychiatric technician, ultrasound technology and MRI technology. The radiologic technology program is designed to train students in the use of various cutting edge medical imaging technology. In addition to taking classroom training, students will also learn the practical application of their training in a clinical setting. Prospective applicants must have a high school diploma and a minimum grade point average of 2.7. In addition, applicants must have 15 credit hours of courses which include mathematics, arts and humanities, natural science and social sciences.

Gurnick Academy of Medical Arts

2121 S. El Camino real, Building C-200

San Mateo, CA 94403

650-685-6616

gurnick.edu

Tags: Academy Medical, Academy Medical Arts, Angeles City, Angeles City College, applicants must, associate degree, City College

What Is The Council For Affordable Health Insurance

The Council for Affordable Health Insurance is an insurance industry-based association pursuing changes in the nation's health care system. Besides insurance companies, members also include small businesses, health-care providers, actuaries, nonprofit organizations and individuals. Headquartered in Alexandria, Virginia, just outside of Washington, D.C., the CAHI lobbies on health-care issues.

Mission

The CAHI's mission is to "develop and promote free market solutions to America's health care challenges, so that all Americans have access to affordable health insurance." The CAHI advocates national tort reform for medical liability malpractice awards, legislation already passed in some states. CAHI analysts research possible effects of all legislation dealing with health insurance, producing reports and joining with other organizations to get its message out to legislators and the media.

Board of Directors

The CAHI board of directors determines its activities and policies. Sitting on the board are top insurance executives with a long history of health care insurance policy experience. Board member duties include development of policy positions, federal and state legislation review, and testifying before state and federal legislators and committees.

Health Savings Accounts

The CAHI promotes expansion of Health Savings Accounts, which are a combination of tax-deferred accounts for savings and health insurance policies with high deductibles. According to the CAHI, such accounts offer protection for uninsured people from catastrophic illness costs or the effects of long hospitalizations. The savings account element is under the individual's control, used to pay smaller health-related expenses. Using HSA encourage consumers to be "value-conscious health care shoppers." CAHI also supports making HSA savings accounts tax-deductible rather than tax-deferred.

Other Goals

Among the CAHI's other goals is funding of high-risk individuals otherwise unable to purchase health insurance by use of state pools. CAHI wants Congress to contribute funding to expand this option. It proposes elimination of state mandates requiring insurers to provide comprehensive coverage. The CAHI advocates cost analysis on any proposed mandates to assess likely premium impact. The CAHI wants Congress to provide tax credits for the medically uninsured, proposing an annual $1,000 credit for individuals and $3,000 for families to purchase health insurance, as of March 2011.

Tags: health care, health insurance, Affordable Health, Affordable Health Insurance, CAHI advocates, CAHI wants

Definition Of Hr Outsourcing

Human relations outsourcing can save money and time.

Human resources outsourcing is when a company gets an outside party to perform some or all of their HR functions. Outsourcing can be used for a number of different HR related activities. According to an August 2008 study conducted by the Society of Human Resources Management (SHRM), the most commonly outsourced HR functions are background checks, employee assistance programs, and flexible spending accounts that allow employees to use pre-tax dollars to cover medical expenses. HR outsourcing is on the rise. In the same SHRM study, 33 percent of HR professionals who participated believe their company will increase their use of outsourcing within the next five years.

Function

In large companies, outsourcing is typically used for specialized functions. Pension and health plan administration are two good examples. The third-party vendor is much more experienced and able to assist the employees with their questions. This allows the HR employees to focus their energy elsewhere and can make for a more productive workforce. Some smaller companies choose to outsource the entire HR department. In this case, the outside vendor handles everything from recruiting to health care administration. This can be an effective solution, especially when the company is starting up.

Advantages

According to the August 2008 SHRM study, cost savings is the top advantage to outsourcing. Nearly half of the companies surveyed, reported cost savings as a direct result of outsourcing. Companies will outsource to a vendor that specializes in the particular service, thereby cutting costs and processing time. Outsourcing also reduces workloads and allows the company to reduce headcount if needed. Many companies also will outsource the tedious processing work, so their employees can focus on the core business values instead. Another outsourcing advantage is the matter of accountability. If you are paying for a specific service, the vendor is more likely to do a better job in order to maintain the business relationship.

Disadvantages

While cost savings is considered an advantage, cost also can be a disadvantage. In the same August 2008 SHRM study, 28 percent of the companies reported their costs had increased due to outsourcing. Another disadvantage is the loss of face-to-face interaction. Outsourcing can deplete the ability to develop the company's in-house employees. This, in turn, can lower employee morale. Many of the companies who participated in the survey, stressed the need to maintain the "human factor" when dealing with HR issues. The overuse of outsourcing can change a company's culture.

Warnings

According to SHRM, be weary of any outsourcing contract that does not include certain key components. These include: statement of work, pricing details, service-level agreements (SLAs), a transition plan, governance requirements and an exit plan. A detailed contract will outline what the company will do for you, how much it will cost, what type of quality control is in place and reasons for termination. It is important to request proposals from multiple vendors for a good comparison of services.

Considerations

Outsourcing has remained strong during the recent economic turmoil. Even though work forces are being reduced, HR still has the same issues with which to deal. According to SHRM, outsourcing service providers have not been immune to the downturn. However, they have resorted to reducing sales and marketing staff, rather than lay off employees who meet customer needs.

Tags: August 2008, cost savings, SHRM study, 2008 SHRM, 2008 SHRM study

Explanation Of A Health Insurance Deductible

Health insurance deductibles can dramatically lower your monthly premiums

Many of today’s health insurance policies contain deductibles, and it is likely that the trend towards higher deductibles will continue. Deductibles act as a cost-sharing mechanism between the insurance company and the customer, with the intention of saving money for everyone involved. Policies containing deductibles present some advantages and disadvantages that must be carefully considered before those policies are purchased.

The Basics

Health insurance policies with deductibles require the customer to pay the entire cost of treatment up to a specific dollar amount before the carrier will begin contributing. Traditionally, deductibles were only relevant to policies that contained out-of-network benefits, but are now being added to in-network services as well.

The Rationale

The justification of deductibles is easy to understand, and is logical when considered from a purely business standpoint. By requiring customers to pay for the first portion of their treatment costs, the likelihood of unnecessary procedures will be reduced, and the cost of care for each individual customer will be lower. The result is a reduction in premiums for customers and lower claims payments for carriers.

Different From a Co-pay

Deductibles and co-pays are not the same thing, but similarities do exist. Nearly every health insurance plan requires a co-payment when visiting a physician or specialist. Co-pays are smaller nominal amounts paid by the customer to the physician at the time of an office visit. Deductibles are larger sums payable by the customer to a hospital or similar facility at the time treatment is rendered, and may be equal to the entire cost of treatment in any visit. Co-pays, like deductibles, are a method of cost-sharing between the carrier and the member. Unfortunately, the aggregate amount spent on co-pays remains separate and is not included in fulfilling the deductible.

Disadvantages

Enrolling in a health insurance plan that utilizes deductibles, customers must be aware of the disadvantages and potential dangers that come from this type of policy. While monthly premiums for plans with deductibles may be lower, out-of-pocket expenses for treatment are significantly higher. Consumers should ensure they have cash reserves or credit availability sufficient to cover the entire amount of the deductible before buying this type of policy. Members must be able to quickly obtain potentially large sums of money to pay deductibles in the event of a medical problem or emergency.

Choosing a Deductible

Larger deductibles equate to smaller monthly premium payments for health insurance coverage. Ensuring that medical plan costs fit into your ordinary budget is essential to preventing financial difficulty in the future. The convenience of affordable insurance bills becomes irrelevant when treatment is necessary that first requires the payment of a large deductible. Consumers who have no emergency reserve funds and no way of acquiring large sums to fulfill their portion of medical bills should refrain from purchasing plans with high deductibles.

Tags: cost treatment, entire cost, entire cost treatment, Health insurance, health insurance

Natural Treatments For Perimenopause

Perimenopause is the time period just before a woman achieves menopause, and it can last two to eight years. Estrogen levels increase and decrease during the perimenopause stage, menstrual cycles grow longer or shorter, and ovulation processes begin to cease. Symptoms associated with perimenopause include irregular periods, slowed metabolic processes; sleep disturbances, hot flashes, mood changes, bone loss, and a diminished interest in sex. The symptoms of perimenopause can often be treated at home with all natural treatments.

Exercise

Regular exercise can help you gain much needed muscle mass to stay in shape and to increase your metabolic rate. The older you become, the slower your metabolism becomes; via exercise you can keep your metabolic rate functioning at peak performance. Exercise is also great for stress reduction, and getting enough exercise every day will ensure your overall well-being.

L-arginine and Choline

Taking an L-arginine amino acid supplement can help reverse the effects of having low levels of testosterone, progesterone, and estrogen. When these hormones are too low, your interest in sex is affected. You can naturally restore your hormonal imbalance by taking two 1000 milligram capsules of L-arginine along with 350 milligrams of choline, a phospholipid needed for membrane functioning and formation, one a day to increase the amount of blood that flows to the tissues and organs in the pelvic area. To get natural sources of L-arginine amino acids from your diet, consume more walnuts, pecans, Brazil nuts, sunflower seeds, buckwheat, almonds, peanuts, and meats.

Natural Progesterone Cream

Natural progesterone cream is applied directly to the skin; a quarter teaspoon daily is all that is needed to gain the benefits of its use. This cream can be used to diminish hot flashes and uncomfortable night sweats, which are caused by decreases in estrogen levels and increases in follicle stimulating hormones. Some foods that can also help in alleviating night sweats include tofu and soy milk; you can consume 45 to 160 milligrams of isoflavones found in soy products every day for relief of hot flashes associated with perimenopause.

Valerian Root

Women suffering from perimenopause may have sleep difficulties. Valerian Root is an herb that offers a sedating effect, because it helps to elevate the amount of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the human brain. GABA is a special chemical that calms the mind and body and regulates cells. Thus, Valerian Root can be consumed at a dose of 150 to 300 milligrams about an hour before bedtime to promote sleep. You may want to consume more water when using Valerian Root, as this herb has a dehydrating effect on tissues.

Passionflower

Passionflower is an herbal remedy that helps keep serotonin levels balanced and, therefore, helps to promote adequate sleep. Like Valerian Root, Passionflower consumption encourages the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the human brain. This herb can be consumed as a tea by using one teaspoon of dried leaves in steeping hot water just before bedtime.

Tags: Valerian Root, associated with, associated with perimenopause, before bedtime, consume more

The Average Indoor Winter Air Temperature

It is important to keep your indoor temperature moderate during winter.

There is no ideal indoor air temperature for everyone, since activity levels, clothing and personal preference all determine individual comfort. However, the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers does have a general recommendation for optimal indoor air temperature in winter.

Significance

As noted in "Impacts of Indoor Environments on Human Performance and Productivity," studies at Kansas State University determined the effect of indoor air temperature on performance in both workplace and school settings. Error rates and speed of work were quantifiable measures of progress. The findings have varied slightly, but the studies did discover that speed decreased and, at times, error frequency increased in uncomfortable conditions.

Recommendation

The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers recommends that indoor winter air temperature be maintained between 68 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit. For maximum comfort, the average humidity level should be maintained between 30 and 50 percent.

Considerations

While personal preference, clothing and activity levels can all help determine an individual's comfort level, the recommended range allows for varying needs. It also allows individuals to remain in their comfort zones while avoiding the growth of mold, dust mites or bacteria at temperatures that venture beyond the recommended range. Also, if people are comfortable, they are less likely to be distracted by physical discomfort and can optimize performance at work or in school.

Tags: indoor temperature, activity levels, Air-conditioning Engineers, American Society, American Society Heating, determine individual, determine individual comfort

Colorado Divorce Laws

Colorado is a "no-fault" divorce state, and the only grounds for divorce (dissolution of marriage) is that the marriage is irretrievably broken. In addition to entering a final divorce decree, a Colorado court will also address issues of allocation of parental responsibilities, child support, spousal support and equitable division of marital property.

Filing a Divorce Action

Either or both spouses may initiate a divorce action in Colorado by filing a petition for dissolution of marriage. One of the spouses must have resided in the state for 90 days before the petition is filed. The petition for dissolution for marriage must state that the marriage is irretrievably broken. In addition, the petition must list the residency of each spouse and the length of residency in Colorado, the place and date of the marriage, the date of separation, the names of any living children, and any arrangements for child custody, child support and maintenance (spousal support).

Temporary Injunction

The filing of a petition for dissolution of marriage in Colorado triggers a temporary injunction thatremains in effect against both spouses until the court enters a final decree in the case. The injunction bars the spouses from transferring or disposing of marital property and from canceling health, car, homeowner's or renter's insurance. Each spouse is also prohibited from removing any minor children from the state without either the other spouse's consent or a court order. In addition, each spouse is barred from disturbing the peace of the other spouse.

Child Custody

If the spouses do not agree on the allocation of parental responsibilities, the court will enter a custody order based upon the best interests of the child. The two types of custody arrangements under Colorado law are primary residential custody (where the child resides) and legal custody (the rights of the parents to be involved in decisions concerning the child).

Child Support

Colorado statutory guidelines for child support use a mathematical formula for calculating child support. The formula takes into account both parents' income, as well as other considerations. If the child is mentally or physically disabled, the court may order support to extend past age 19. A child support order remains in effect until a month after the child finishes high school, unless the court orders the parents to contribute to the reasonable cost of further education for the child.

Maintenance

Colorado law permits a court to enter a temporary order of maintenance (spousal support) after a divorce action is filed. A court may also enter a maintenance order when it issues the final divorce decree. The amount and time period for spousal support is based on factors such as the duration of the marriage and the standard of living during the marriage, the time needed for education or job training by the spouse seeking maintenance, and the financial resources of both spouses.

Property

In ordering an equitable division of marital property between the two spouses, the court may consider a number of factors. Some relevant considerations under Colorado law include the contributions of each spouse to acquiring marital property (including the contributions of a homemaker spouse), the value of the party allocated to each spouse, and the economic circumstances of the spouses when the division of property takes effect.

Tags: child support, dissolution marriage, marital property, spousal support, both spouses, each spouse

Technical Schools In Newnan Georgia

A technical school education is career foucused.

A technical school education is hands-on and career focused. Technical colleges are a viable option for students who want to earn a degree in two years or less, or wish to be certified in a particular trade. There are a couple of technical school options in Newnan, Georgia for high school students, first-time college students and professionals seeking new careers.

West Georgia Technical College

West Georgia Technical College is part of the Technical College System of Georgia, meaning some credits earned at the school are transferable to other technical schools in the network. West Georgia Tech offers two-year Associate of Applied Science degree programs as well as diplomas and certificates programs in various occupational fields including accounting, dental assisting, medical assisting and registered nursing. The college has several satellite campuses, including the Coweta campus located in Newnan.

West Georgia Technical College

160 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive

Newnan, GA 30263

(678) 423-2000

westgatech.edu

Central Educational Center

The Central Educational Center is a technical school for high school students in grades 9 to 12. The curriculum was developed in partnership with local high schools and businesses and includes courses that combine academic learning with a technical school education. Programs of study at the school include business, HVAC, graphic communications and welding. High school students have the opportunity to earn a dual-enrollment degree, meaning they earn a college degree from West Georgia Technical College while also earning their high school diploma. The Central Educational Center campus is the also the site for West Georgia Technical College's Coweta location.

Central Educational Center

160 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive

Newnan, GA 30263

(678) 423-2000

gaec.com

Technical College System of Georgia

The Technical College System of Georgia (TCSG) is a network of state technical colleges that aims to provide a quality technical education that will build "a well-educated, globally competitive workforce for Georgia." TCSG also oversees the state's adult literacy, technical college and workforce development programs.

Technical College System of Georgia

1800 Century Place, Suite 400

Atlanta, Georgia 30345

(404) 679-1600

tcsg.edu

Tags: Georgia Technical, Georgia Technical College, Technical College, West Georgia, technical school

Golf Courses Near Mexico Beach Florida

Mexico Beach, Florida, is close to many golf courses.

Mexico Beach is a small city located in Bay County, Florida, southeast of Panama City on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico. The city has a tropical climate with temperatures that are perfect for a year-round golf vacation. You will find vacation rentals located on the beach as well as campgrounds that offer easy access to golf courses in the surrounding area.

St Joseph's Bay Country Club

St Joseph's Bay Country Club offers an intermediate, 18-hole golf course that is open to non-members. It is located 16 miles southeast of Mexico Beach. The golf club features a driving range, golf club rentals and group discounts. You will also find an on-site restaurant that serves breakfast, lunch and dinner seven days a week from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Menu items include soups, sandwiches, burgers and hot dogs. The club also provides a full-service bar.

St Joseph's Bay Country Club

700 Country Club Road

Port St. Joe, FL 32456

850-227-1757

stjoebaygolf.com‎

Callaway Bay Golf Course

Callaway Bay Golf Course is located 29 miles northwest of Mexico Beach in Panama City. It is a nine-hole, public, regulation golf course. The course also has an on-site driving range. Golf club and golf cart rentals are available. Callaway Bay is open year-round and offers a full-time golf pro.

Callaway Bay Golf Course‎

2001 Three Putt Lane

Panama City, FL 32404

850-874-2999

Bay Dunes Golf Course

Bay Dunes Golf Course is located 30 miles northwest of Mexico Beach. It is an 18-hole public golf course that was built in 1998. Bay Dunes features a clubhouse grill and bar that is open year-round for lunch and dinner. Menu items include hamburgers, sandwiches and a full service bar. You can also take advantage of PGA instruction and a driving range. The course also has a pro shop with cart and club rentals. Tee times can conveniently be scheduled online at the golf course website.

Bay Dunes Golf Course

5304 Majette Tower Road

Panama City, FL 32404

850-872-1704

baydunes.com‎

Bay Point Resort Golf Club‎

Bay Point Resort Golf Club is located 37 miles northwest of Mexico Beach. The club offers two championship golf courses. The Nicklaus Course, which stretches over 7,000 yards, was designed by Jack Nicklaus and offers views of St. Andrews Bay and the Grand Lagoon in Panama City Beach. The Meadows Course, over 6913 yards and the more challenging course, is perfect for the seasoned golfer. The club is open to the general public and features a full-service spa, club rentals and an on-site restaurant with full-service bar. It adjoins the Marriott hotel, and golf packages are available with your stay at the hotel.

Bay Point Resort Golf Club‎

4701 Bay Point Road

Panama City Beach, FL 32408

850-235-6950

baypointgolf.com‎

Tags: Mexico Beach, Panama City, Country Club, located miles, Callaway Golf

How Much Money Does A Talk Show Host Make

How much you make as a talk show host may depend on how well-known you are.

Talk show hosts may receive high levels of attention and pay. American talk show host Oprah Winfrey, for instance, is known to reach millions of viewers and was paid $260 million in 2007. In the broadcasting business, however, high earners such as Winfrey are the exception rather than the rule. Although certain people may be attracted to careers in television and radio, the majority of talk show hosts earn salaries that are measured in the thousands, not millions, of dollars.

Average Salary

The career website Simply Hired reports that the average yearly salary for all talk show hosts is $33,000 as of 2010. However, the exact salary for talk show hosts varies widely and is influenced by factors such as geographic location and level of experience. The lowest 10 percent of broadcast announcers earn $7.45 per hour, while the highest 10 percent make $36.42 or more per hour. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, salaries in the television industry are usually higher than those in radio.

Salary Variation

A number of factors can cause the salary of a talk show host to vary above or below the national average. Geographic location plays a role in the earnings of a host. Generally, talk show hosts in large metro areas with a broad audience base tend to earn more than talk hosts in rural areas. For instance, SimplyHired.com indicates that the typical salary for a talk show host in Grand Rapids, Michigan, is $32,000 per year. In the larger metro area of Atlanta, the average salary rises to $34,000. The city of Los Angeles is larger than either of these other two locations, and talk hosts here earn around $36,000.

Career Outlook

Competition for jobs in the radio and broadcasting fields is strong, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Between 2008 and 2018, job opportunities for talk show hosts and other announcers in broadcasting are projected to decrease by 4 percent. The decrease in job availability will be due mostly to competition from a large number of candidates who are interested in broadcasting. The bureau also reports that alternative media sources, including the Internet, will reduce the demand for traditional radio and television broadcast professionals.

Job Description

The job of a talk show host is to lead interesting discussions on television and radio. Talk show hosts often focus on one particular topic, such as politics or sports. Talk show hosts are responsible for planning the content of each program and set up interviews with guests. In addition to being strong communicators who are able to keep track of details, talk show hosts must also be entertaining or humorous.

There are no specific educational requirements for talk show host positions. However, hosts typically study communications or journalism at the college level and may have bachelor's degrees. Talk show hosts often attend specialized broadcasting trade classes, in which they practice both the artistic and technical aspects of the profession. Typically, talk show hosts begin their careers by working for local community broadcast stations or nonprofit public access channels. Certain broadcasters receive internships at radio or television stations and learn about the industry through hands-on experience.

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What Degree Is Needed To Be A Physical Therapist

What Degree Is Needed to Be a Physical Therapist?

A physical therapist is a medical professional who helps individuals experiencing problems with mobility and/or muscular or neurological function. A physical therapist performs a wide variety of therapies and educates patients as to the use of devices, such as crutches, canes and wheelchairs. Becoming a physical therapist requires extensive post-graduate training, as well as successful completion of a professional board examination.

Undergraduate Training

In order to become a licensed physical therapist, a person must first obtain a Bachelor's degree in preparation for a post-graduate program in physical therapy. Although most physical therapy programs do not require an undergraduate degree in any specific discipline, a background in science, physiology, anatomy and math will help to prepare one for the rigorous post-graduate training.

Post-graduate Training

The Commission on Accredited Programs in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) is the accrediting agency for schools that offer physical therapy training programs. Programs are offered as both Masters and Ph.D. degrees. The length of the program will depend upon each school's individual requirements, but generally last from two to three years. The majority of physical therapy educational programs at this time lead to the Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) degree, and it is the American Physical Therapy Association's (APTA) goal that by 2020, all training programs offer the Doctorate track.

Coursework

Individuals enrolling in physical therapy programs may expect to carry a rigorous academic load that includes both theoretical and practical information. Beginning courses include anatomy, physiology and pathology with particular emphasis on the musculoskeletal system. After establishing this framework of knowledge, students move on to learning more about various treatment modalities, diagnosis and testing and addressing specific types of conditions or disorders. During the later part of training programs, students participate in internship opportunities in order to practice these skills under the direction of a licensed physical therapist.

Examination

The Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy (FSTPT) administers a national licensing examination, the National Physical Therapist Examination (NPTE), which all graduates of physical therapy training programs must pass as a condition of eligibility for licensure. The NPTE consists of 225 questions related to the practice of physical therapy, as well as anatomy, pathology, physiology and pharmacology that must be completed within five hours.

Physical Therapist Assistant Programs

An alternative route to working in the field of physical therapy is to get an Associate's degree from a Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA) program. PTAs work under the direction of a licensed physical therapist to provide direct patient care and education. PTA programs require only a high school diploma for admission, although as there are a limited number of them, admissions can still be somewhat competitive. PTA Associate programs generally last two years, and graduates must pass a national licensing examination.

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About Mammograms

About Mammograms

A mammogram is a special, low-dose X-ray that takes a picture of the breast. According to WomensHealth.gov, it is the best way to detect breast cancer early. With early detection, breast cancer can be treated while in the first stages, and recovery is more likely. The National Cancer Institute reports that the number of breast cancer deaths declined for women ages 40 to 69 because of the use of mammograms.

Types

There are two main types of mammograms. A screening mammogram, which is most common, detects cancer in women with no symptoms. It finds cancers too early to be detected by other methods. A diagnostic mammogram is used to check for cancer after a lump or other signs are discovered.

Guidelines

Women over age 40 should have a screening mammogram every one to two years, according to the National Cancer Institute. Women who are at a higher risk should consult with their doctor about having a mammogram before age 40. If you've had breast cancer previously, your doctor will likely order regular mammograms because you are at higher risk of developing it again. If your mother, sister or a daughter developed breast cancer before age 50, you are at higher risk and should talk with your doctor about how early and how often to have a mammogram.

Procedure

A screening mammogram takes about 15 minutes to complete. You stand in front of a special X-ray machine, and a technician compresses your breast between two plates. Flattening the breast tissue allows for the clearest image. Generally, you will have two X-rays done of each breast. Then a radiologist will read the X-ray and advise your doctor of the results.

Follow-up

If abnormalities like a lump are discovered on your mammogram, your doctor will like schedule a diagnostic mammogram to get as much information as possible. Your physician will also likely recommend a biopsy where a sample of the lump is removed and examined for cancer. Depending upon the results, your doctor may order further treatment.

Implants

Women with breast implants should not forgo a mammogram. There are special procedures for having a mammogram if you have implants. When you make a mammogram appointment, make sure you advise them so that a specially trained technician is available.

Limitations

Sometimes mammograms give a false positive and do not find abnormalities. The reverse is also true. Sometimes the radiologist who reads the mammogram will find an abnormality, but there is no cancer. This is especially true for younger women who have denser breast tissue, making the X-ray harder to read. However, mammograms remain one of the most effective methods to detect breast cancer.

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