Rn Requirements In Illinois

RNs must meet certain requirements in Illinois.

RNs, or registered nurses, must meet certain requirements in order to become licensed and legally practice nursing in the state of Illinois. Nurses bear the responsibility for making sure they meet the requirements and that they maintain their licenses and any required certifications, depending on the type of nursing they practice.

Degree in Nursing

RNs in Illinois must have a degree in nursing. They can have an associate's degree in nursing (ADN) or a bachelor's degree in the science of nursing (BSN). Some nurses go on to earn graduate degrees, and they may become advanced practice nurses, like certified nurse midwives, certified nurse anesthetists or clinical nurse specialists.

NCLEX-RN Exam

To become a registered nurse, the prospective candidate must take and pass the NCLEX-RN exam offered by the State of Illinois Division of Professional Regulation. New graduates may practice for up to three months before becoming licensed, but after that nurses cannot legally practice in Illinois without a license.

Criminal History Records Check

Registered nurses in Illinois must submit to a criminal history records check. Nurses that have been convicted of certain crimes may be unable to obtain a nursing license and become registered nurses in Illinois. Nurses with a criminal history are not necessarily excluded from the nursing profession in Illinois, however; the Division of Professional Regulation considers the nature of the crime, including whether it was a violent crime and whether it was related to nursing, and whether or not the nurse has been sufficiently rehabilitated.

Continuing Education

Registered nurses in Illinois must attend at least 20 hours of continuing education during every two-year licensing cycle. Continuing education must be provided by an approved provider in order to count towards the required 20 hours.

Advanced Practice Nurses

Advanced practice nurses may have additional requirements to meet, depending on what type of nursing they practice. For instance, nurse midwives must become certified by the American Midwifery Certification Board in order to legally practice as nurse midwives. Nurse anesthetists must become certified by the National Board on Certification and Recertification of Nurse Anesthetists in order to legally practice as nurse anesthetists.

License Renewal

Registered nurses in Illinois must renew their licenses every two years. Failure to renew a license means a nurse cannot legally practice nursing in the state of Illinois.

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What Is Typespecific Serology

Doctors recommend type specific serology tests to detect the presence of specific antibodies in the blood of patients suspected of having an infection with a corresponding microorganism. .

Function

Serological testing looks for particular antibodies in the blood serum. If the blood sample contains antibody then the microorganisms will defend the body against it. According to Medline Plus, "The blood is then analyzed in a laboratory to determine how certain antibodies react with specific antigens. The test can be used to confirm the identity of the specific microorganism."

Theory

The microorganisms give shelter to antigens or foreign substances on their body surfaces. Antibodies can recognize and attach to particular antigens. which are targeted against specific microorganisms.

Procedure

After taking a blood from the patient, a lab tests reactions to particular antigens. According to Medline Plus, "There are several serology techniques that can be used depending on the suspected antibodies. Serology techniques include agglutination, precipitation, complement-fixation, fluorescent antibodies and others."

Results

When the antibodies in the blood serum react with the antigens used in the test then the patient has received an exposure to the infectious agent that carries those antigens signaling either a current or a past infection.

Sexual Health

Type specific serology tests for sexually transmitted infections such as herpes. A report published by BMJ Journals suggests that, "Type specific serology should be recommended for the management of couples where one has genital herpes and the other apparently does not and in individuals with genital complaints suggestive of herpes."

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About Breast Cancer & Neck Pain

Breast cancer refers to cancer that originates in the duct or glands of the breast (where it is called adenocarcinomas) or the breast tissue (sarcomas). Breast cancer can affect both males and females, although primarily the latter. The cancer may be asymptomatic or may cause a lump to appear in the breast, or effect skin changes in the breast or nipple. Neck pain is not a normal symptom of breast cancer. However, bone pain, including that in the bones of the neck, may occur as a result of breast cancer treatment or bone metastasis (the spread of the primary cancer to the bones of the neck).

Neck Pain

Pain in the bones of the neck that occurs prior to treatment may be associated with metastases to the neck. The bones are a common site of metastases for Stage IV breast cancer, and metastases to the neck bone would cause pain there. Pain that occurs after treatment begins may also be symptomatic of bone metastases, but it may be caused by the breast cancer treatments as well. Certain chemotherapy agents and other drugs used to fight primary breast cancer may cause side effects--including bone, muscle and joint aches--which may affect the neck.

Non-Metastatic Causes of Neck Pain

Chemotherapy agents can cause pain in the nerves, joins, muscles or ligaments. While these chemotherapy drugs usually cause pain in the lower body, including the hips and legs, they may cause pain in the bones and ligaments of the neck. Pain associated with chemotherapy usually begins during chemotherapy sessions and becomes progressively worse. It may linger for up to a year after treatment ends.

Another drug used in the treatment of breast cancer, called tamoxifen, is known to cause stiffness in the bones and joints. Again, it primarily causes the problem in the lower body, but may cause a stiff neck as well. This pain is usually similar to arthritis pain.

Treatment for Non-Metastatic Neck Pain

Non-metastatic neck pain is usually treated by managing the pain with painkillers and/or by building muscle strength via physical therapy that builds muscles without being strenuous on the body. Pain medications include NSAIDs (non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) or stronger pain medications like opiates and tricyclyc antidepressants. Yoga and swimming are recommended forms of exercise to deal with neck pain caused by breast cancer treatment, and heat and massage can also help alleviate the pain. These treatments generally help with the symptoms of the pain, but do not cure the pain entirely--only time can fully cure neck pain associated with breast cancer treatment.

Metastatic Neck Pain

Pain in the bones of the neck may be a sign that the cancer has metastasized to the bone. Along with the lungs and liver, bone metastasis is common with Stage IV breast cancer. Bone metastasis can cause pain in the bones, and bone fractures. In fact, it is estimated that approximately half of all cancer-caused bone fractures occur as a result of bone metastasis, with breast cancer as the primary variety.

Treatment for Metastatic Neck Pain

Metastatic breast cancer is incurable, but its progression can be slowed or managed, and the symptoms, including neck pain, can be treated Laser-beam radiation on the affected bones has been proven effective at reducing pain in approximately 85 percent of patients with bone metastasis. Bisphosponates, a new drug, show promise in helping to keep calcium levels normal; slow or stop the destruction of bone by cancer cells; and extend survival time. Tamoxifen is another drug used to help reduce the spread of cancer cells in the bones. NSAIDs or other pain relievers are also used to manage neck pain or other pain associated with bone metastasis.

Tags: breast cancer, cause pain, associated with, bone metastasis, bones neck, breast cancer, breast cancer treatment

Why Is A Code Of Ethics Important Among Health Care Administrators

Health care administrators need to weigh the needs of patients, employees, the community they serve overall and the facilities they run. The decisions they make can affect many people's health and welfare, medically, socially, economically and professionally. A code of ethics suggests ways for administrators and staff to work with integrity while they serve as many patients as possible and the hospital as a whole.

Professional Qualifications

The American College of Health Care Administrators' (ACHCA) code of ethics instructs its members to take responsibility for being fully trained and qualified for their management roles. This is important because both patients and staff count on administrators to ensure that the facility can and does provide high-quality and reliable care and treats everyone connected to the hospital, including vendors, equitably while running the facility effectively. Administrators should have business skills, current knowledge of all applicable laws and regulations, an understanding of the community the hospital serves and a thorough knowledge of both patient and employee/contractor rights. They're also expected to seek continued professional training to improve their performance and that of their facilities.

Provision of Health Care

The ACHCA's code of ethics instructs its members to ensure that patients receive the best quality care "in light of resources or other constraints." This reminds administrators that while they must consider the needs of the patient, they must also consider the financial and other effects of the hospital's efforts to provide high-quality care for all. This consists of ensuring that medical personnel are trained to perform necessary medical procedures, that appropriate drugs are available and administered properly and that adequate numbers of well-trained staff are available to treat and care for patients. Quality care also entails learning about needs a patient may have that could hinder recovery and efforts to address them if possible. These are important ethical issues because by admitting by patients, the hospital has committed to doing all and the best it can to treat them, so must make every effort to do so successfully.

Patients' Rights

The American College of Health Care Executives (ACHE) reminds its members of their responsibility to resolve "conflicts that may arise when values of patients and their families differ from those of employees and physicians." These conflicts can range from whether to use artificial means to keep a terminally ill patient alive to differing views on organ donation. ACHE stresses that any family members who act for patients sound have the right to make decisions and staff should be expected to determine and honor those choices.

With this in mind, administrators must also ensure that physicians educate patients about their medical options so that they or their loved ones can make informed decisions about what types of treatment to accept.

The ACHCA reminds administrators that patients' health and other personal information must not be provided to "unauthorized personnel unless required by law or to protect the public welfare."

Conflicts of Interest

The University of Virginia's code of conduct reminds administrators to seek and negotiate bids fairly and accurately. It also warns decision-makers and other staff members not to accept illegal gifts, favors or payments from vendors or outside service providers. Codes of ethics require administrators to act, not selfishly, but for the good of their facilities, patients, staff and the community.

Equal Treatment

The ACHCA code warns administrators to avoid and prevent discrimination in hiring employees or treating patients on the basis of race, gender, age, national origin and other characteristics.

Reporting

Administrators who adopt a code of ethics agree to report any real or potential violations to proper authorities. These can include organizations such as ACHCA and ACHE, which have ethics panels that investigate violations and can impose disciplinary sanctions.

Tags: Health Care, ACHCA code, ensure that, reminds administrators, ACHCA code ethics

Heal A Skin Lesion

Keep skin lesions clean and covered.

A skin lesion can have one of many causes. Any injury or insect bite can cause a boil or localized infection. Sometimes shaving can cause folliculitis, which consists of small, painful skin lesions. Lesions that come and go may be caused by an allergic reaction. The most feared skin lesions are various types of skin cancers, some of which may spread and cause other types of cancers and death. Have any suspicious lesion checked by a doctor as soon as possible.

Instructions

1. Wash the area with warm water and an antibacterial soap. Take care not to scratch, pick or squeeze the lesion while doing this.

2. Pat the area dry with a soft towel. Put the towel in the laundry right away, to avoid using it again, as re-use may cause an infection to spread.

3. Apply an over-the-counter antibiotic ointment to the lesion and apply a bandage.

4. Remove the bandage and soak the lesion in warm water several times per day. This will help keep it clean and may speed healing. Put on a clean bandage after soaking.

5. Contact your doctor if you see pus, if redness, swelling or pain increases or if the infection spreads to someone else in your family. You may need prescription antibiotics or other treatment.

Tags: skin lesions, area with, warm water

Cause Of Macro Calcifications Of The Breast

Cause of Macro Calcifications of the Breast

Macro calcifications, which are larger deposits of calcium, may be caused by a variety of factors, including internal growths and deposits, and external injuries. Calcifications may or may not indicate breast cancer.

Non-Cancerous

Macro calcifications appear as large white dots on a mammogram and are almost always non-cancerous.

Age

Macro calcifications are often seen in women who have experienced menopause, and can be caused by aging of the breast arteries.

Inflammation

Inflammation may have caused the macro calcification from a breast infection, such as mastitis, or injury to the breast.

Growths

Deposits may have formed because of a benign breast cyst, benign growth, such as a fibrodenoma, or residue from deodorant, powder and lotion.

Cancer

A cluster of calcifications, instead of scattered ones, could indicate an underlying cancerous tumor.

Prevention

Doctors have no agreed-upon regimen to prevent macro calcifications, but suggest continued self breast exams. Alert your doctor to changes in the feel of your breasts and any lump detection.

Tags: Calcifications Breast, Cause Macro, Cause Macro Calcifications, Macro calcifications, Macro Calcifications, Macro Calcifications Breast

Late Stage Breast Cancer Symptoms

Breast cancer is not the death sentence it once was. It can be cured if it is caught early enough, and new methods of detecting cancer when it's still the size of the head of a pin are being developed every day. But symptoms of breast cancer often don't occur until the late stages, when it has spread to other glands and organs. Some symptoms to look for are a lump, redness and scaly skin on the breast. There may be discharge from the nipple or a change in the shape of the breast, and it can feel swollen, hot and sore. Symptoms in later stages of breast cancer depend on how far it has spread and what glands and organs are affected. Weight loss, tiredness, nausea and fever are common, and pain can be caused by a tumor putting pressure on organs. Symptoms from breast cancer that has spread are often in areas far from the breasts.

Bones

Breast cancer that spreads to the bones can cause them to ache and fracture easily. This can restrict movement and make it hard to walk.

Lungs

Cancer cells can invade the chest, causing pain in that area and difficulty breathing. A persistent cough can develop. Pain in the back and spine can make it difficult to move.

Brain

Headaches can develop. Memory loss can occur, as well as changes in the way reality is seen. Vision , hearing and other senses may be affected.

Skin

There can be pain, discomfort and itching on the skin. Rashes, sores and lesions can develop. Skin may take on a yellowish tint if jaundice develops. Lumps can develop under the arm.

Kidneys

Severe pain in the sides and back can develop. Loss of kidney function, including incontinence, may occur. Jaundice can develop, and dialysis treatments may be necessary.

Tags: cancer that, glands organs

View An Xray

View an X-Ray

X-rays are needed to check for structural abnormalities such as fractures or tumors. An X-ray can also confirm proper placement of a medical device, such as a breathing tube, and are sometimes essential to aid a doctor in making a correct diagnosis. Reading an x-ray accurately takes training and practice.

Instructions

1. Keep in mind an X-ray beam easily penetrates through air but not bone. Organs with a lot of air such as the lungs will appear black. Bones will appear white.

2. Make certain the patient's name is on the X-ray to ensure it is theirs. Check the date and time to determine when the X-ray was taken.

3. Look at the quality of the film. Determine if the X-ray is over or under penetrated by the X-ray beam. Check to see if all structures are easily seen and the film is clear.

4. Spot anatomical landmarks. This will help ensure the patient was property positioned for the X-ray. Anatomical landmarks will vary depending on what part of the body was X-rayed. Look for proper placement of any tubes or lines that were placed in the body to aid in treatment.

5. Start with the bones and determine if there are fractures which will appear like cracks on the X-ray. Compare opposite sides of the body and look for symmetry. For example bones in the legs should be the same on both sides of the body.

6. Determine if abnormalities are present. Abnormalities will appear as bright spots where black should be. On areas that should be white such as bone abnormalities will appear as a shadow over the bone.

7. Compare prior X-rays. This will help determine if any abnormalities which are found are old, new or have changed. If available consider viewing an X-ray taken from a different angle. This will help confirm an abnormality.

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List Of Medical Tv Shows

List of Medical TV Shows

Some of the top-grossing TV programs of all time have centered around doctors, hospitals or medical drama. Usually the setting is at a hospital or clinic, and doctors, nurses and other hospital staff play important roles. Often, because of the subject matter, the TV programs are dramas, but there have been mystery shows and comedies in this genre as well.

General Hospital

Started in 1963 and still in production, this soap opera has centered around stories of couples, one or both of whom have ties to General Hospital. Arguably one of the most famous television couples around, Luke and Laura have been through sexual assault, medical traumas, being wanted by the Mob ... just about anything screenwriters could dream up. In 1981, when the TV couple were married, close to 16 million viewers tuned in to watch their favorite couple's nuptials.

M*A*S*H

"M*A*S*H" was a medical comedy supposedly set during the Korean War, although it originally was written and performed during the Vietnam War. Through practical jokes and slapstick comedy, the show centered around doctors and nurses who tried to get through the horror of war. There also was a lot of drama and heartbreak. The show's format usually was a comedic show with serious messages. This format became known as the "dramedy". The show ran from 1972 to 1983 and then found continued success in syndication.

Scrubs

"Scrubs" is a medical comedy about a group of medical and surgical interns as they become doctors and form relationships. It is unique in that although there is a script, it also allowed the actors to improvise many of their lines to get the surreal stream-of-consciousness for which the show is famous.

House, M.D.

"House" tells the story of the head of diagnostics genius, Gregory House. The FOX drama also features Robert Sean Leonard as his best friend. The show is set in New Jersey at the fictional Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital. The premise of the show is that House and his team of doctors take cases where it is difficult to discern what the patient is suffering from. House is absolutely devoid of bedside manner and tends to treat his patients like test subjects. His motto is "Everybody Lies," and he seems to take fiendish pleasure in proving that everyone has something to hide.

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Get Slim In A Month

You can safely lose around four to eight pounds of fat in one month.

You can have a slimmer body in one month. Exactly how slim, however, depends upon your current weight, you current body composition and what steps you start taking today to reduce your body fat. Through a combination of diet and exercise, one month from today you can have a slimmer waistline, slimmer thighs and so forth. But you have to make a commitment to do so. There are no shortcuts. The only way to reduce body fat is to consume fewer calories than the body requires to satisfy its energy needs.

Instructions

Evaluation

1. Weigh yourself using a bathroom scale. Record your weight.

2. Measure the girth of your biceps, forearm, abdomen, hips, thigh and calf using a cloth tape measure. When taking measurements, position the tape measure so that it wraps around the biggest part of the body part being measured. Pull the tape tight enough to be snug, but not so tight as to pinch the skin. Record each measurement.

3. Calculate your body fat percentage using the appropriate formula:

Men 18 to 26

Bicep Measurement + Abdomen -- Forearm -- 10.2 = Body Fat Percentage

Men 27 to and Over

Bicep Measurement + Abdomen -- Forearm -- 15 = Body Fat Percentage

Women 18 to 26

Abdomen Measurement + Thigh -- Forearm -- 19.6 = Body Fat Percentage

Diet

4. Use an online calorie calculator tool -- such as the ones offered on the American Cancer Society or Mayo Clinic websites -- to estimate your daily calorie needs. This is the amount of calories required to maintain your current weight and body fat composition.

5. Subtract 500 daily calories from the calculation recorded in Step 1. The result is the approximate number of calories you should consume daily to trim your body fat. Avoid reducing your calorie intake too much. Otherwise you risk depressing your metabolism and sending your body into starvation mode. In addition to losing fat, you will also lose muscle when you starve your body. The goal is to keep muscle while losing fat.

6. Eat several small meals throughout the day or three moderate-sized meals and several snacks. This works to fuel your metabolism. Monitor your calorie intake as you go along in order to hit your target calorie intake number, calculated in Step 2. Eating a large percentage of fiber rich foods throughout the day will help you to feel full on fewer calories.

Exercise

7. Engage in 30 to 60 minutes of daily aerobic exercise such as power walking, jogging, biking, dance, tennis or some other sport. The goal is to get moving at a pace that increases your heart rate to 75 percent of maximum, the fat burning zone. Your maximum heart rate is calculated by subtracting your age from 220. Multiply the result by .75 to determine your fat burning zone heart rate.

8. Engage in 20 minutes of strength-training exercise such as calisthenics three to four days per week.

9. Look for opportunities throughout the day to move a little more. Take the stairs instead of the elevator, for example.

Tags: your body, calorie intake, Forearm Body, Forearm Body Percentage, heart rate, Abdomen Forearm, Abdomen Forearm Body

Costume Ideas For Adults

A Daisy Duke costume is easy to create.

Most people think Halloween is for kids only. They are so wrong. Adults like to dress up in costumes and have fun, too. Costume shops offer ideas for adults that range from sexy to scary to funny. If you are worried that store-bought or rented costumes are too expensive, try making your own this year.

Sexy

Adult costumes can be sexy. A simple sexy costume idea for a woman is to cut off a pair of tight blue jeans until they are very short. Put on a red plaid shirt, but tie it together in the front so it fits like a half shirt. Unbutton enough buttons to show off plenty of cleavage. Put on high-heel strappy sandals and a long brown-haired wig and you have been transformed into Daisy Duke from the "Dukes of Hazzard" TV show.

A sexy costume for a man is a firefighter. Rent or borrow a firefighter hat, jacket, pants and boots and skip the T-shirt underneath to show off that sexy stomach and chest. You'll have the women going up in flames.

Funny

If you are more comfortable with a funny costume, you have plenty of options. A funny idea for couples is to rent costumes that switch traditional gender roles. She can dress up as a cowboy and he can dress up as Pocahontas, or she can dress up like Hugh Hefner and he can dress up as a Playboy bunny.

One idea for a man who isn't afraid to offend anyone is to take a box a little bigger than a shoe box, cut out the back and cover the rest with aluminum foil. Write a sign that says, "Free Mammogram Tests," and tape to the front of the box so people can see it. Attach it around your neck with rope so it hangs at chest height. When you are in character, stick your hands into the box from the back and make squeezing motions while leering at women. You might get slapped, but you are sure to get a chuckle. This costume is not appropriate for a work party and should only be worn around a group you know fairly well.

Scary

Halloween is made for scaring people. Try renting a Freddie Krueger costume from the movie "A Nightmare on Elm Street" to give people a good scare. You can make your own scary character by investing in a fake knife or ax, buying some fake blood and carrying around a body part. Cover your weapon and the body part in the fake blood along with your clothes and look menacing.

Couples can make this costume work by having one partner play the victim. Watching someone shriek and run in terror only to get slain by a crazy killer can be pretty scary, not to mention a pretty fun costume.

Safety

Remember to make sure your costume is safe. If your costume is flammable, one attempt to light a cigarette can set your it on fire. It is a good idea to cut a slit up the back of your costume and use Velcro to secure it closed. In the event of a fire, you can rip the costume off.

Tags: your costume, body part, Daisy Duke, fake blood, sexy costume

Kodak Rfs 3600 Film Scanner Problems

The Kodak Professional RFS 3600 Film Scanner, a smaller version of a tool used in photo development labs, allows you to scan slides and film negatives into your computer. Problems with the RFS 3600 will occur if you did not properly connect the device or install the included software. You may also experience memory problems when scanning due to the large file size of scanned film.

Install the Software

The Kodak RFS 3600 will not work if you did not install the included software. You must also have Adobe Photoshop to use the device. To check whether you have installed the software, open Adobe Photoshop and click File. Select Import. If the Kodak RFS 3600 does not appear in the list of devices, you did not install the software.

Insert the software CD into your computer's CD-ROM drive. When the CD browser launches, click "Install RFS 3600 TWAIN Data Source." Wait for the software to install, and then restart the computer when prompted.

Cabling and Connectivity

If the RFS 3600 does not work at all, check the cable connections. The scanner connects to your computer via a USB or SCSI cable. Ensure that the cable is securely connected to the computer and the scanner.

When you connect via USB, the computer typically detects the scanner automatically. If it does not, power on the scanner and reboot the computer. If you connect the scanner with an SCSI cable you must power on the scanner before turning on the computer. If you do not, the computer will not recognize the scanner. Do not turn the scanner off during the computer boot process.

Scanning Tips

The RFS 3600 allows you to scan film directly into Adobe Photoshop one frame at a time, but this is time-consuming and inefficient. Scanning individual frames into Adobe Photoshop may cause your computer to slow down, or Photoshop may crash. Instead of scanning film into Photoshop, use the RFS 3600's Scan to File feature. This lets you quickly scan film directly to the computer's hard drive. After scanning, use Photoshop to open one or two frames at a time. Doing this puts less strain on your computer, resulting in faster operation and better performance.

Virtual Memory

Virtual memory, also called paging file size, determines how many images you can scan into your computer. When the paging file size fills up, the RFS 3600 will not scan any more images.

To increase the paging file size on Windows 7 click "Start" and select Control Panel followed by System and Security. Click System and Advanced System Settings. Click Settings under Performance on the Advanced tab. Click "Change" under Virtual Memory. Click Custom Size and type a higher number in the Maximum Size (MB) box. Click "OK."

Assigning more memory specifically to Adobe Photoshop may help boost performance. Start Photoshop and open the Memory and Image Cache box. Enter a higher value for the memory assigned to Photoshop.

Tags: your computer, Adobe Photoshop, file size, 3600 will, into your, into your computer, Kodak 3600

List Of Nuclear Medicine Schools

There are more than 130 schools and hospitals in the United States that have programs in nuclear medicine, which is a specialty brand of medicine in which radioactive isotopes are used to treat disease. This specialty provides doctors with the ability to treat certain diseases with drugs that act locally on specific organs or specific problems and not on the entire body.

Accreditation

American colleges and universities that teach nuclear medicine are recognized by the Nuclear Medicine Technology Certification Board and are accredited through a joint review of the school's credentials by the Committee on Educational Programs in Nuclear Medicine Technology. Additionally, these schools are accredited through one of the six regional collegiate accrediting bodies.

High Concentrations

Two of the largest concentrations of nuclear medicine universities are in California and Florida. In California, schools include Loma Linda University, University of California-San Diego, Kaiser Permanente School of Allied Health Sciences, South Coast Nuclear Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science, VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Harbor UCLA Medical Center. In Florida, schools include Keiser University in Melbourne, Lakeland and Miami and Fort Lauderdale, Indian River State College, St. Vincent's Medical Center, Florida Hospital College of Health Sciences, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Med Center, Santa Fe Community College, Miami Dade College, Hillsborough Community College, Broward Community College and Institute of Allied Medical Professions.

State Universities

Many nuclear medicine programs are housed at a state university system's flagship institution, which are usually connected to university hospitals. These programs include the Universities of Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, West Virginia and The Ohio State University.

Private Colleges

Several private universities offer nuclear medicine programs, including the University of Miami, Vanderbilt University, Wheeling Jesuit University, the Naval School of Health Sciences and University of the Incarnate Word.

Hospitals

Some nuclear medicine programs are associated with stand-alone hospitals, including Johns Hopkins in Baltimore, Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago, Beth Israel in Boston, Research Medical Center in Kansas City, Methodist Health Care in Memphis, Tenn., and Baylor University Medical Center in Dallas.

Canada

There are a half-dozen universities in Canada that teach nuclear medicine, including Ahuntsic College in Montreal, Southern Alberta Institute of Technology, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Atlantic Health Sciences Corporation in New Brunswick, the QEII/Dalhousie School of Health Sciences in Nova Scotia and the Michener Institute for Applied Health Sciences in Toronto.

Tags: Health Sciences, Medical Center, nuclear medicine, Community College, medicine programs

What Should One Bring To A Yearly Doctor Check Up

The information you bring to a doctor's office are tools for your healthcare.

Just because you're not a medical professional doesn't mean you can't be professional about preparing for your annual check-up. The better prepared you are when you enter a doctor's office, the better your outcome is likely to be.

Preparing Background Material

Keep your medical history in a file, and bring it to the doctor each visit. Even if you've been seen by a doctor for many years, don't assume he knows your history.

Having background material available at the office is helpful when reviewing current treatments. You'll want to make sure your own medical file includes things like a listing of surgeries you've had, blood type, average heart rate and blood pressure, and immunizations (such as tetanus and flu shots).

If you are currently being treated or evaluated for any specific conditions, you'll also want to provide a current list of tests you have undergone, results of those tests and the names and phone numbers of other doctors you've seen recently.

How you create your medical history file is up to you. You can simply write it down, type it and save it to your computer's hard drive, or make it and save it using an online resource like MedicineNet.com or a template from Microsoft Corporation.

Taking Care of Business

When you head to the doctor's office, don't go empty-handed. Take along your health insurance or Medicare/Medicaid cards and--unless you are sure you can remember it all--a note to yourself about whether you need a referral, what your co-pay/co-insurance is and a customer service number where you or your doctor's staff can direct questions.

In addition to your health insurance information, you'll want to have at your appointment a photo ID (a driver's license or other state-issued identification) and a list of the medications that you take, including dosage/strength, how often you take them, who prescribed them and why. Also note any side effects you may have experienced with those medications.

More Than Small Talk

Pleasantries have a place in a doctor's office, but they should be brief. Plan ahead to maximize your time and your doctor's.

Before an appointment, write down topics you want to discuss with your doctor and any questions you might have. Take the list into the office, and don't be shy about taking notes while your doctor is talking.

Who's Got Your Back?

Sometimes it's smart to bring a friend or close family member with you to a doctor appointment to offer support and another pair of eyes and ears while in the office. This is especially important if you're nervous about the visit--your friend will probably remember to ask a question or ask for clarification in the event you become distracted or worried about what the doctor has to say. Your doctor's office will surely have a form for you to sign, indicating that it's OK for the doctor and staff to discuss your health with your guest as well.

Tags: doctor office, your doctor, your health, your medical, bring doctor

Fine Dining Restaurants In Salisbury Md

Salisbury is in southern Maryland's Chesapeake Bay region and provides opportunities for sailing in the Bay and Chester River. This small Maryland town features fine dining establishments, some of which are on the banks of the river. These restaurants serve their meals gourmet-style, provide preset dinnerware and facilitate upscale banquets. After dining, patrons may visit Salisbury attractions, such as the Ward Museum of Wildfowl Art and Salisbury Zoological Park. Does this Spark an idea?

Market Street Inn

Situated in downtown Salisbury, the Market Street Inn (marketstreetinnsalisbury.com) is a three-diamond AAA restaurant at the intersection of Market Street and Carroll Street. This fine dining establishment has been open since 1940 and provides views of the Chester River. Outdoor patio seating is available. Market Street Inn features the Martini Club, which allows patrons access to the restaurant's martini list with over 30 selections. The restaurant's menu changes seasonally. Dinner items include roasted half rack of lamb, black angus sirloin, honey herb chicken and seafood pasta.

Sobo's Wine Beerstro

Open since 2006, Sobo's Wine Beerstro (soboswinebistro.com) is a fine dining bistro in downtown Salisbury, right off the Ocean Highway. This restaurant features contemporary d cor and eclectic artwork in the dining room. Sobo's wine list includes over 100 selections of domestic and international wines. Many of the beer selections at Sobo's come from Evolution Craft, a brewing company operated by the restaurant's owners. The restaurant serves their meals gourmet-style. The menu features Kobe beef, duck a l'Orange and Irish salmon.

Brew River Restaurant

The Brew River Restaurant (brewriver.com) faces the northern banks of the Chester River on downtown Salisbury's Main Street corridor. This festive restaurant has a marina theme and offers waterfront seating on the restaurant's patio deck. Brew River's patio features an open-air bar and overlooks boat slips on the river. The restaurant hosts upscale banquets in the dining room. For banquets, Brew River provides preset dinnerware and linens for the tables. The restaurant's dinner menu has the filet Chesapeake -- a filet mignon steak, crab Imperial and "The Big Tuna," a yellow fin tuna stuffed with crab.

Restaurant 213

Salisbury's neighboring city, Fruitland, is home to Restaurant 213 (restaurant213.com), a fine dining establishment on the Ocean Highway. The restaurant is a 10-minute drive south of downtown Salisbury. On Sundays, Restaurant 213 serves three-course prix-fixe dinners. The wine list at Restaurant 213 has been featured in Wine Spectator magazine and Wine Enthusiast magazine. Coastal magazine ranked Restaurant 213 in its Top 10 Staff Favorite restaurants in 2006; the magazine says this restaurant is a "blissful dining experience." The restaurant's menu includes the Rockfish 213, pork calvados, duck steak and crispy sea bass.

Tags: Brew River, downtown Salisbury, fine dining, Market Street, Chester River, Brew River Restaurant

Cope After Gall Bladder Surgery

Cope After Gall Bladder Surgery

Recovering from Gallbladder surgery is different for everyone, but the bottom line is that even with the laparoscopic method, your organs must be rearranged in order to get to the Gallbladder, which causes bruising, swelling and discomfort. These steps will help you cope with the pain and discomfort experienced after Gallbladder surgery.

Instructions

1. Take the pain medication. This isn't the time for "being a man" or "toughing it out." Your doctor prescribed them for a reason.

2. Have someone on hand to help you at all times. Whether it be a spouse, family member or friend, you need someone to assist you with everything from sitting up in bed to sitting down on the toilet as your abdominal muscles will be very sore. From a laying position, have them place one arm behind your back to lift you into a seated position while you hold onto their other hand or arm. From a seated position, have the person stand in front of you, place both your hands on his shoulder and slowly use your leg muscles to stand.

3. Eat low-fat and fat-free foods only. Until you know how your digestive system will handle heavier foods, stick to mild, bland and light foods.

4. Eat small amounts of food several times a day. Keeping nourished will help stave off nausea sometimes associated with pain medication. Eat small portions to avoid feeling full, which will place pressure on your internal organs and cause pain.

5. Drink hot liquids if you feel any chest and/or shoulder pain in the hours and days following surgery. This pain is caused by the air that was puffed into your belly during surgery in order to create more space for the surgeon to work. It is not cause for alarm.

6. Take short walks. Walk around the inside of your house at first and then work up to outdoor walking. This promotes healthy blood circulation, which in turn promotes healing.

7. Follow up with your doctor. He will want to see you one week after surgery and again approximately 5 weeks later.

8. Follow your doctor's orders regarding bathing. Your stitches need time to heal and washing them too soon can damage them.

9. Take anti-diarrheal medication if you are having trouble digesting after the first month. This can last for weeks, months or years, although some people never have any digestive issues. Be sure to tell your doctor in your follow-up visits.

Tags: your doctor, After Gall, After Gall Bladder, Bladder Surgery, Cope After, Cope After Gall

California State Universities That Have Majors In Radiology

Radiologists perform image scans, including MRIs and CT scans.

Radiologists are doctors who employ image-scanning technology, including CT scanners and MRIs, to diagnose and treat medical conditions. Students who study this field can pursue careers in hospitals, clinics and private practices. A number of public universities in California, including California State University Northridge, the University of California San Francisco and the University of California San Diego offer programs in radiology.

California State University Northridge

California State University Northridge offers a Bachelor of Science program in radiologic technology, according to the program's website. This public university was founded in 1958 and located in the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles. The program emphasizes basic medical training, as well as more complex imaging procedures, including cardiovascular imaging, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, according to the program's website. The program is accredited by the Review Committee of Education in Radiologic Technology.

California State University Northridge

18111 Nordhoff St.

Northridge, CA 91330

818-677-1200

csun.edu

University of California San Francisco

The University of California in San Francisco offers a number of radiology programs in its Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging. According to the program's website, students can pursue an undergraduate degree in radiology, a graduate degree from the the Diagnostic Radiology Residency Program, one of the largest programs of its kind in the country, or a PhD degree in radiology and biomedical imaging. Radiology students can also pursue fellowships, financial aid and scholarships, as well as conduct research in the university's state-of-the-art facilities.

University of California San Francisco

505 Parnassus Ave., M-391

San Francisco, CA 94143

415-476-1537

radiology.ucsf.edu

University of California San Diego

The University of California San Diego also offers an undergraduate degree in radiology. This program, part of the Department of Radiology, emphasizes training in musculoskeletal radiology, neuroradiology, vascular radiology, breast imaging, abdominal imaging and more, according to the program's website. Students work in the UCSD Medical Center, which offers state-of-the-art technology and research centers. In addition, the faculty on staff are considered some of the best in the nation, according to the program's website.

University of California San Diego

200 W. Arbor Drive

San Diego, CA 92103

619-543-6222

radiology.ucsd.edu

Tags: University California, California State, program website, according program, California Diego, California Francisco, California State University

Make Skin Numb

Make your skin numb.

If you are attempting to wax your body at home and have extremely sensitive skin, there are several ways that you can numb your skin without a doctor's care. Although over-the-counter numbing creams, sprays and gels only last temporarily, they can help you avoid the pain that may be associated with cosmetic procedures such as eyebrow tweezing or hair waxing. All numbing creams, sprays and gels are not right for everyone, and if you have extremely sensitive skin, test the solution on the inside of your arm before using on your face or any other sensitive areas of the body.

Instructions

1. Sit on your arm or leg. After a while, your leg or arm will fall asleep, causing pins and needles and numbing your leg or arm. This may only last up to a minute.

2. Numb your skin with ice. Rub your skin directly with an ice cube until it melts. This method is especially useful for numbing the face or ears.

3. Purchase numbing spray like GiGiHONEE Anesthetic Numbing Spray (see Resources). Numbing spray is useful for numbing legs and large areas of the body in preparation for waxing. The spray will last between half an hour to an hour.

4. Use a mouth-numbing gel containing benzocaine, like Orabase and Anbesol. These gels are directed for use in the mouth to aid in toothache and canker sore pain, but can also be applied directly to the skin. These gels can be purchased at your local drugstore or grocery store. The numbing usually lasts between half an hour to an hour.

Tags: your skin, areas body, between half, between half hour, creams sprays, creams sprays gels

Diagnose Reading Problems

Many people have reading problems, and a lot of them try to hide it. There are ways to watch someone and look at their work to see if they're at risk for developing problems with reading. If it looks as though there are problems, tests can be ordered to diagnose reading problems.

Instructions

1. Observe a student in the classroom. If they refuse to take part in reading activities, don't want to read, and dislike books and reading, they may have a reading problem.

2. Reversing words in a passage after the age of 8, skipping, guessing, misreading words, and giving up easily are characteristics of someone with reading problems.

3. Hiding a lack of reading skills by making excuses can be a sign of reading problems.

4. Sounding out words instead of trying to figure out unfamiliar words by how they're used in a sentence can be a sign of a reading problem. Watch for a student with low self esteem who uses a lot of side to side and up and down eye movement. Reading without accuracy can signify a struggling reader.

5. Evaluate students using educational, speech, language, and intelligence tests. Rule out the possibility of physical problems, bad attendance, family conflicts, and lack of instruction.

Tags: reading problems, have reading, reading problem, sign reading, with reading

Get The Bronze Award In Girl Scouts

Organize a collection of towels, toys and food for your local animal shelter.

The Girl Scout Bronze Award recognizes Girl Scouts who successfully research, organize and execute a service plan within their communities. Award recipients must be registered Girl Scout members in the 4th or 5th grade. The Bronze Award is the first of several community service awards offered by the Girl Scouts of America and the skills you use to achieve it will assist you in further Girl Scout achievements.

Instructions

1. Ask a parent or volunteer to be your project adviser. This person helps you monitor the development of your project and pin down details. If possible, select someone with community service or Girl Scout experience.

2. Compile a team of fellow Girl Scouts who share your community interests and have the maturity to help execute your project.

3. Choose a service project pertaining to your community. Your project could assist a recent natural disaster or an ongoing problem in the community such as homelessness or healthy eating habits among youth.

4. Create your plan. Work with your team and adviser to sort out the individual steps, dates and logistics of your project. For example, if your project goal is collecting items for the local animal shelter, determine which items the shelter needs, where you'll place collection bins, when you'll collect the bins and how you'll transport them to the shelter.

5. Complete your steps as set forth in your plan. Work with your adviser to ensure that the necessary permissions, support and resources necessary for your project are in place well ahead of time.

6. Document your project in a booklet, poster or video log for other Girl Scouts and family members that allows you to share your achievement with the community.

7. Submit your final project presentation to your Girl Scout troop leader to receive your official Girl Scout Bronze Award.

Tags: your project, Girl Scout, Girl Scouts, Bronze Award, animal shelter, community service

Medical Radiography Training

A radiologist interpreting digital images.

Medical radiography refers to the production of medical images with the use of X-radiation. The X-ray images that are produced can either use digital or film media. The images are required for complex investigations in health facilities. Radiologists are trained to interpret the images that are used to help in making a diagnosis.

Program Design

There are various institutions that offer medical radiography training. The programs are designed to combine the academic environment with a clinical setting. They are offered continuously for a period of 24 months, and the terms alternate between clinical practicum and didactic studies. The medical radiography programs are designed to allow students to learn, comprehend and apply the results in real-life situations. The schools also offer feedback and mentoring to the students once they have completed the programs. The courses include Relational Anatomy and Physiology, Radiographic Procedures, Medical Radiography, and Capstone and Clinical Education among many others.

Program Requirements

When you decide to get medical radiography training, there are various requirements. First, you should be a high school graduate. Some of the subjects that you should have taken in high school include Biology, Physics and English. You also need Pre-Calculus or Principles of Math. An applicant is also expected to be a CPR health provider and have about 40 volunteer hours in an environment that deals with patients.

Fees

The tuition fees vary from one institution to another. There are some supplies and books that are required for this course, and you have to consult the school you are enrolling in to get all the details. CPR recertification fees are also charged on an annual basis for students who enroll for these programs.

Training Program Objectives

Medical radiography programs provide a healthy environment that encourages learning and promotes skills that are integral to success in this industry; these skills include respect and care for patients as well as analytical and critical thinking. The training programs aim at providing a strong foundation for a lifetime of personal and professional growth. The program also ensures that the graduates are adequately prepared for the state and national licensure examinations.

Job Opportunities

There is a great demand for medical radiographers, and employment is expected to grow faster than average according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The median annual income as of 2008 was $52,210. This is primarily because the current health system is going through a transition due to the new technologies that are being introduced.

When you decide to enroll for medical radiography training, you should be prepared for careers that require you to keep learning. Once you have graduated, you may choose to become a specialist in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). As a graduate, it is also possible for you to go into management positions, research, equipment sales, and even educational roles in various institutions.

Tags: medical radiography, radiography training, environment that, high school, images that, medical radiography training

Get Set Up For Mobile Homes In Ohio

Manufactured houses in Ohio mobile home parks must be installed by a licensed contractor.

Houses come in all shapes and sizes, most are developed on solid foundations but many are manufactured mobile homes that are built in trailer parks. Ohio law considers "mobile" and "manufactured" to be the same thing, so if you want to set up mobile homes in Ohio, you will need to follow state laws on licensing, installation and locations. You can get licensed yourself or hire someone that is currently certified in the state of Ohio.

Instructions

Becoming Licensed

1. Sign up for Ohio's recommended manufactured home training course online at the Manufactured Housing website. Students will receive a Manufactured Home Installation Guide and a CD of demonstration videos. Pay the required fees and start the course.

2. Obtain an Ohio Manufacturer's Home Reference study manual through the Ohio Manufactured Homes Commission (OMHC) and pay the required fee.

3. Set up a time to take the licensing test. Testing centers are operated by the International Code Council and are in various locations around Ohio. Pay the examination fee; the test will take about 1 ½ hours and contains approximately 40 questions.

Locations, Laws and Inspections

4. Choose the area where you want to set up the mobile home, there must be at least three manufactured houses on a piece of land to call it a "mobile home park." Local zoning ordinances may apply depending on the site's location and whether you are the home owner, tenant or landlord.

5. Choose a licensed contractor to install the mobile homes or do it yourself if you are certified. Ohio law requires a license for anyone putting in foundation elements such as electrical, mechanical and plumbing materials. Unlicensed contractors are prohibited from installing manufactured houses in mobile home parks or on private properties, however, you can do the work yourself if you live on your own land and plan to occupy the house.

6. Inspections must take place before the occupant can move in.

Contact the OMHC to arrange for inspections of the mobile home lots, foundations and connections. Ohio law requires that three inspections take place during the installation process. Have a footing (open hole) inspection before any concrete is poured. Have an electrical inspection done before the power is turned on and a final inspection after the home is completed and before anyone moves in.

Tags: mobile home, mobile homes, home parks, licensed contractor, mobile home parks, Ohio requires

Should You Wear A Bra When You Sleep

Should You Wear a Bra When You Sleep?

For many women, wearing a bra is a necessity. For some women, they may not need to wear one all the time. Some women feel more comfortable wearing a bra all the time, including to bed, because they want the additional support. Over the years, it has been suggested that women who wear a bra to bed will avoid problems with sagging and drooping. Now, however, there is greater concern than that. Some women worry that wearing a bra to bed can cause breast cancer.

Purpose of a Bra

Bras were created to support the breasts. They help to keep the breasts lifted and firm. Over the years, women and men have viewed ill-supported breasts as unattractive. Bras, although originally created for a purpose, have become more fashionable over the years. This may mean that many women will choose a bra according to how it looks, rather than how it fits or feels.

One Theory

There have been a few questions in recent years over whether wearing a bra long term can cause breast cancer. One theory is that wearing certain types of bras--such as underwire bras--many hours a day can cause cancer. This theory was based on the idea that constricting bras worn for long hours constrict the lymphatic system, which is meant to filter toxins out of the body. If toxins cannot escape, they build up, especially in the breasts where the constriction occurs. The theory suggests this constriction can cause breast cancer to grow.

Bras Worn to Bed

Other studies have shown that although the breasts do have a large amount of the lymphatic system running through them, the fluid flows up to the breast and out toward the armpit. This would prevent the toxins from settling into the breast tissue and getting trapped by the underwire.

No study has ever proved conclusively that breast cancer was linked to nighttime bra wearing.

The Comfort of Wearing a Bra at Night

Although there is no link between breast cancer and wearing a bra to bed, there is still an issue of being comfortable. Wearing certain types of bras during the day may not be comfortable, such as tight underwire bras. This may not pose a risk with cancer, but it is not good for the skin to poked with an underwire. Being comfortable at night is important to getting a good night's sleep.

How Women Should Wear a Bra

Women should first make sure that a bra fits correctly and comfortably. Women should not wear underwire bras that leave a redness or marks on the skin. Irritation marks indicate the bra does not fit correctly. Women can go braless as long as it is comfortable to them, and they can wear a bra to bed so long as it is comfortable. Massaging the breast does help with circulation, and it may feel good after wearing a bra for a long period of time.

Tags: breast cancer, cause breast, cause breast cancer, Should Wear, certain types, long comfortable, lymphatic system

Get A Beautiful Body Without Surgery

Everyone has their idea of a perfect, beautiful body. Being that we’re all different shapes and sizes, there is no one specific body that will be right for everyone. Even though genetics plays a big role in the type of body we have, you can still work toward getting a beautiful body without surgery.

Instructions

1. Eat right and drink lots of water. Having a healthy diet and drinking lots of water directly affects our body. If we eat fruits, vegetables and maintain an overall balanced diet, we will have healthy bodies. We have to realize that having a beautiful body is not just about how we look on the outside. You must take care of your body from the inside.

2. Exercise regularly. Exercise combined with eating right will help you to get the beautiful body you want. You will tone your muscles and have more strength if you practice exercising on a regular basis. If you have problem areas you may want to get a personal trainer to help you with your fitness goals. Persistence is a key element with exercising because in order to see the results you want, you will have to keep up a regular workout routine.

3. Treat any scars or minor flaws you want to change in your appearance. Having noticeable acne scars or scars from other incidents can make some people feel less confident in their appearance. There are treatments and acne and scar creams available to help diminish the appearance of many scars. For other minor flaws such as crooked or yellow teeth, you can look into braces or teeth whitening. Both procedures can change your appearance for the better without having to go through surgery.

4. Highlight your best qualities and attributes. Most people have at least a few things that they like about their appearance. Maybe you have a great smile, nice eyes, good hair, or a beautiful complexion. You can highlight these positive qualities about yourself. Some women may choose to wear make-up to enhance their features. You can also buy clothes to flatter your figure.

5. Get a makeover. Change your hair color, get a new hair style, or change your wardrobe. Sometimes subtle changes can make the big difference in your appearance. You can wear contacts if you want to change your eye color and experiment with different clothing styles until you find some that makes you look and feel better about your body.

Tags: beautiful body, your appearance, change your, change your, change your appearance, lots water, minor flaws

Negative Properties Of Black Tourmaline

Black tourmaline is often used in alternative crystal healing.

Black tourmaline is a popular stone among metaphysicists and alternative healers for its purported aligning properties. Those who wear or carry black tourmaline or place it in their home are said to experience greater spiritual alignment, increased connectivity to all beings and a cleaner spiritual environment that is free of negativity. While black tourmaline has been used as a homeopathic remedy for centuries, the stone has some negative aspects.

Electric Conductivity

Black tourmaline develops opposite electric charges at either end of the stone when it is heated, making it a conductor of electricity. While this property is credited by Reiki healers and metaphysical practitioners with clearing blockages of energy in many users, the energy can purportedly be overly stimulating for some wearers. Avoid wearing a black tourmaline stone before going to bed or during sleep. If you experience sleep disturbance after placing a black tourmaline by your bedside, consider moving it across the room or mounting it near the room's entrance.

Physical Properties

While metaphysically a black tourmaline is considered to be a strong stone, structurally the stone is quite fragile. The striated layers of crystal often crack or shatter during the cutting and polishing process, so black tourmaline is not recommended as jewelry. In a house with pets or small children, keep black tourmaline out of reach and on a sturdy base because an accidental bump could easily shatter the stone.

Transforming, Reflecting or Dispelling?

The metaphysical community holds that black tourmaline is an excellent stone for combating negative energy. However, they are divided as to how that process occurs. "Cunningham's Encyclopedia of Crystals" states that charged black tourmaline absorbs negative energy, while "Healing Crystals for You" states that black tourmaline does not absorb negative energy nor does it reflect that energy back to its creator. "Rainbow Crystal" offers a third opinion, stating simply that black tourmaline repels any negative energies.

Medical Efficacy

Black tourmaline's espoused healing benefits include a lifting of depression and a cessation of obsessive and anxiety disorders. While some people may find meditating with black tourmaline helpful and soothing, no scientific evidence suggests that black tourmaline is strong enough to combat major emotional or mental disorders. Don't stop taking any prescribed medications without first consulting a doctor. The same rule applies to claims that black tourmaline can clear up spiritual and physical blockages. If you are experiencing clotting, clogged arteries or other serious physical blockages, immediately consult a physician.

Tags: black tourmaline, black tourmaline, that black, that black tourmaline, Black tourmaline

Early Lung Cancer Detection

Early lung cancer detection makes all the difference in treatment options and survivability.

Of all the things that are unknown about lung cancer, one thing is clear: Early lung cancer detection is key to survival. Those who are fortunate enough to have the cancer detected before it has the chance to spread have a survivability rate of approximately 50 percent. For cancers that have spread, the survivability rate goes down to 2 percent. Early lung cancer detection is especially problematic because there are no universally-approved methods, though there are several options.

Recognizing Symptoms

For those who have symptoms of lung cancer -- such as a persistent cough, sputum in the cough, and difficulty breathing -- getting to the doctor for a test is recommended. Lung cancer can strike at nearly any age, though it is more prevalent in those over the age of 60 or in those who have a history of smoking. Some types of work environments have also been known to cause lung cancer, such as those with asbestos and microwave popcorn plants.

Consulting a Doctor

Talking with a doctor is the next step. The doctor will review your medical history, ask a few questions and perhaps offer a referral to an oncologist. This is specialist in the medical field who is trained to treat cancer patients. Many insurance carriers will require a visit to a primary care provider before offering services. The primary care provider will then offer a referral. It is important the oncologist is part of your insurance program.

Tests

There are a number of ways an individual can be tested for cancer. CT scans take a picture of the chest. Doctors can analyze this picture and determine if cancer is a concern. A bronchoscopy is another test that involves inserting a tube with a small camera attached into the lungs for an examination. Sputum can also be examined for the presence of cancer cells. In some cases, once one test is completed, there may be a follow-up test done of a different type to confirm the suspicions.

Other Tests

If the tests confirm cancer, there is a good chance that follow-up tests will be done to determine how far the cancer has spread. This is why early detection is so important. If the cancer has not yet spread to other areas of the body, there is a good chance of treatment and containment. Further the treatment options are also more diverse if lung cancer is detected early.

Treatment Options for Early Lung Cancer

Though most people understand there is the possibility of chemotherapy and radiation, there are other types of treatments that are often done if detected early. Surgery is often one of the most effective options. This also offers one of the quickest ways to get rid of the cancer. Radiation may also be an option, but has more side effects and often takes longer.

Tags: lung cancer, cancer detection, Early lung cancer, lung cancer detection, cancer detected, cancer spread

Job Titles In Radiology

Radiology is a medical science that uses X-rays, nuclear medicine, sound waves, or the body's own natural magnetism to diagnose and treat health issues. Those in the field of radiology have an extensive background in science and math.

Radiologist

This physician is an expert in imaging and can obtain proficiency in a more specific area of radiology, such as breast imaging, neuroradiology, or radiation oncology. The radiologist is the doctor who studies the image results and provides a diagnosis and treatment.

Radiologic Technologist

Also known as a radiologic technician, these individuals execute the orders of the lead radiologist by operating the equipment that captures the images. Technologists care for the patient and monitor their records as well. The length of education is usually two years with an outcome of an associate degree.

Radiologic Nurse

If directed, a radiologic nurse can perform similar duties as a radiologist. These nurses initiate care plans and work closely with patients to ensure their well-being along with their family members. As licensed professionals, radiologic nurses aid in exams and therapy sessions.

Radiation Oncologist

This is a specialized field in which a medical doctor supervises the radiation treatment of cancer patients. As a result of 13 plus years of education, radiation oncologists are skilled in establishing treatment plans and the regulated use of radiation.

Radiation Therapists

Under the guidance of a radiation oncologist, these therapists administer the actual radiation treatment and maintain adequate functioning of its equipment as well as patient records.

Interventional Radiologist

These physicians utilize the information obtained from radioactive images to guide through less invasive surgeries, such as biopsies, stenting, and angioplasty, that treat tumors, vascular disease, and stroke.

Tags: radiation treatment

Hemp Seed Oil For Cancer Treatment

Hemp Seed Oil for Cancer Treatment

The Medical College of Virginia in 1974 first discovered the medicinal value of cannabis. Today, hemp oil, a concentrate made from the marijuana plant, is generally accepted as an alternative treatment for cancer.

Medicinal Hemp Oil

Hemp oil contains as much as five percent of pure Gamma Linolenic Acid (GLA), which is used to treat various human cancers. Phytosterols, the steroidal alcohols found naturally in the oil, may also offer protection against colon, breast and prostate cancers. The International Medical Veritas Association currently has hemp oil on its ranked list of known cancer treatments.

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

The American College of Physicians (ACP) agrees that non-smoked forms of THC (the main psychoactive compound in cannabis) bind to certain cell-surface receptors, triggering the signal pathway that ultimately kills the cell.

Cannabidiols (CBD)

According to the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Fast Forward, "(n)on-psychoactive CBD produce(s) a significant anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo, thus suggesting a possible application of CBD as an antineoplastic (tumor preventing) agent."

"Marijuana, the Forbidden Medicine"

Lester Grinspoon, an emeritus professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, and co-author of the book,"Marijuana, the Forbidden Medicine," said, "Marijuana relieves pain that narcotics like morphine and OxyContin have hardly any effect on, and could help ease suffering from illnesses such as multiple sclerosis, diabetes and cancer,"

Brain Tumor

The March 2002 issue of "Nature Medicine" reported that Dr. Manuel Guzman had successfully destroyed incurable brain cancer tumors in rats by injecting them with THC.

Tags: Cancer Treatment, Forbidden Medicine, Hemp Seed, Hemp Seed Cancer, Marijuana Forbidden, Marijuana Forbidden Medicine, Seed Cancer

How Much Does An Mri Tech Get Paid Annually

A magnetic resonance imaging technician or technologist operates a scanner to produce detailed multidimensional images of interior body structures. Doctors use these images to diagnose and treat illness. MRI techs commonly have skills in other radiologic areas, such as computed tomography; a combination of skills in this field boosts job opportunities. Most MRI technicians receive at least $59,000 annually, at the time of publication.

Broad Category Data

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics posts salary data for all radiologic technicians and technologists combined, including X-ray technicians, rather than for MRI techs in particular. Their average salary, as of May 2010, was $26.80 per hour, or $55,730 per year. The median salary, or the number in the exact middle of all the salary figures for this occupation, was $26.13 per hour, or $54,340 per year. The middle 50 percent had pay rates of $21.25 to $31.53 per hour, or $44,200 to $65,590 per year. The bottom 10 percent were making $17.55 per hour and less, and the top 10 percent $36.95 and higher, or $76,850 and more.

MRI Tech Salary Range

The median annual salary for MRI techs in particular, at the time of publication, is $64,696, according to Salary.com. That translates to about $31.10 per hour. The middle 50 percent get paid $59,183 to $70,118 annually. The bottom 10 percent have salaries at or below $54,163 per year, and the top 10 percent earn $75,055 per year and more.

High-Paying Locations

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics shows some high-paying locations for radiologic technicians and technologists in general. Salary.com confirms higher-than-average salaries for MRI techs in Bethesda, Maryland, where their median salary is $70,519 annually; in Honolulu, Hawaii, at $71,490; in Boston, Massachusetts, at $72,266; in Anchorage, Alaska, at $73,819; and in San Jose, California, at $77,636. The top 10 percent of MRI techs in San Jose earn more than $90,000 per year.

Advancement

With experience, an MRI technician or technologist can advance to the position of chief MRI technologist for a more lucrative salary. The median annual pay rate for these health care workers is $76,404 at the time of publication, according to Salary.com. The middle 50 percent of chief MRI technologists earn $68,941 to $82,452 per year, and the top 10 percent more than $87,958. Only the bottom 10 percent have salaries at or below $62,147 annually.

Tags: bottom percent, hour year, middle percent, time publication, according Salary

Free Information On Grants For Women & Minorities

Grant information is free.

While there are government grants for women and minorities, most grants do not discriminate in this way. Grants focusing on pregnancy obviously target women, and grants for victims of domestic abuse often benefit women more than men because women file most of the domestic abuse charges. Grants for underserved populations may benefit mostly minorities if demographics show that minorities have been underserved in a given area. Some private foundation grants focus on specific sexes or ethnic groups, however.

Free Grant Searches

Grants.gov is the official portal for free government grant information. With more than 1,000 possible grant programs, this website is set up to narrow that for the grant-seeker. It uses advanced search options according to category, eligibility and origin. The Philanthropy News Digest offers free information on private foundation grants. For example, grant-seekers can search for current grant offerings in such focus areas such as "women," "children" and "education."

Government Grant Example

Government grants specifically targeting women are usually offered to educational institutions for medical research. One government grant that targets minorities is the Racial and Ethnic Discrimination grant. This grant can be accessed by organizations that conduct social research into the differences in health care experienced by minority populations.

Women's Impact Fund

The Women's Impact Fund is limited to the Charlotte, North Carolina, area. The fund will award five grants ranging from $40,000 to $100,000 to nonprofit organizations. Focus areas include health, human services, the environment, education, and arts and culture. These grant will fund both new and existing programs that apply innovation to critical needs and identify emerging needs.

Women's Impact Fund

217 S. Tryon St.

Charlotte, NC 28202

704-973-4580

womensimpactfund.org

Jenny's Heroes

Jenny Jones' foundation offers $1 million in community grants to individuals who submit the best ideas to positively impact their community. Past awards have gone to individuals who provide their communities with school computers, library books, firefighting equipment, and supplies for people living in domestic violence shelters.

Jenny's Heroes

jennysheroes.com

Motorola Foundation

The Motorola Foundation is awarding $7.5 million to education programs focusing on science, math and technology. Grants will go to collaborating entities such as two schools to two nonprofit agencies. Preference will be given to agencies that provide outreach to engage girls and minorities.

Motorola Foundation

312-725-9845

motorola.com

Tips

According to Grants.gov, there is a great deal of misunderstanding among the general public about grants. There are no government grants available to individuals for personal financial assistance. Personal assistance programs can be found on the Government Benefits, Grants and Financial Aid page.

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Ce Certification & Ul Certification

Electronic devices are often stamped with the UL logo.

Millions of products worldwide are tested for safety and environmental conformance before they are sold. Standards differ depending on region, so markings often indicate within which set of standards a certain product has been tested. A CE mark, for example, indicates a product meets European standards. UL certification shows that a product meets North American codes and standards.

UL Certification

The independent organization Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL) has been testing products and writing safety standards since 1894. According to UL, products carrying its stamp have been tested and approved for physical and environmental safety. In 2009, the UL stamp appeared on about 20 billion products. Nearly 20,000 types of products were evaluated worldwide in 120 UL inspection centers.

UL Examples

More than 1,400 UL safety standards are applied to products in a wide range of industries, so certain product types are grouped under UL numbers. For example, certified audio-video products and accessories are stamped with UL 1492, according to manufacturer Crown Audio. The standard for professional audio-video equipment is UL 1419. Reference standard UL 1581 is applied to the more general area of electrical wires, cables and flexible cords.

CE Certification

According to UL, the Conformance European (CE) mark indicates that a product adheres to safety, environmental, health and consumer protections under European law. Countries in the European Economic Area (EEA) require manufacturers to include the CE mark on their products. The CE mark serves as a "passport" for products traded internationally throughout the European Union.

CE Examples

Like the UL stamp, the CE mark is used on a variety of product types, each of which require a separate set of standards. Crown Audio notes, for instance, that "audio video and similar electronic" products must pass the EN 60065: 1998 test. Such tests ensure products pose no shock hazards or cause very little electromagnetic interference.

UL and CE Differences

UL warns that the CE stamp "is not a safety certification mark." While UL certification indicates a third party has tested each product, the CE stamp is based on "self declaration." Manufacturers are required to sign a Declaration of Conformity in order to carry the CE mark, but that does not indicate compliance with North American installation codes or safety standards.

Other Certifications

The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) mark, Crown Audio says, also indicates a product has been tested by a non-profit, third-party laboratory. The U.S. Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) recognizes the CSA mark as a safe alternative to UL certification. ETL certification standards are also accepted throughout the U.S. and Canada.

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Importance Of Medical Documentation

Proper and adequate medical documentation is essential for quality of medical care and health care services throughout the industry, from receiving proper and correct treatment to receiving payment benefits from your health insurance provider.

Function of Medical Documentation

Why is important medical documentation vital? Without it, your health care would be compromised. One doctor wouldn't know what another doctor was doing. Without adequate documentation of visits, lab tests, treatments or surgeries, quality of care would certainly be erratic and potentially deadly. Medical documentation generally provides all the information about a specific patient that any doctor looking at a medical record would need to know to treat that patient. The patient's history is a vital piece of information that enables physicians to determine the best diagnosis and treatment plan for that individual, based on information found in the medical record.

Significance of Medical Documentation

Medical documentation is essential for standards of care to be met. In many scenarios, like those in acute care hospitals, many different health professionals may see the same patient, but not necessarily together. Your nurse, doctor, lab personnel and other specialists are all involved in your care, and everyone needs to be kept up to date with what everyone else is doing. Without such coordination, your medical care would suffer.

Medical Billing and Coding

Without adequate medical documentation, your health care providers might not be reimbursed for providing you with care, leaving you stuck with the bill. There's an old saying in the health care industry: "If it's not documented, it didn't happen." That means that if one of your health care providers forgets to write something in your medical record regarding a treatment, surgery or procedure that you received, the facility will not be paid for it--and you'll most likely be sent the bill. Without adequate documentation that you received such services, how can you prove it happened? In addition, such errors also compromise patient safety and quality of service.

Standards of Care

Neglecting to document important details of a patient's visit to a doctor's office may have huge ramifications for physicians at a later date. For example, if a doctor or nurse fails to note that a patient is allergic to penicillin, and the health care provider later injects the patient with penicillin, causing a severe allergic reaction, the doctor may be charged with negligence. Other scenarios where physicians fail to carefully and correctly document medical data can result in medical malpractice suits. Standards of care require all health care personnel to follow guidelines that ensure best judgment for proposed treatments. Documentation is also a legal protection for both patient and physician or other health care provider that protect both parties in the event of a disagreement over care.

Ethics

Adequate medical documentation assures patient confidentiality and ensures that standards of care are being met. Doctors and other medical personnel have an obligation to treat illnesses to the best of their ability in regard to information documented in a patient's medical record. Failure to do so compromises medical ethics and professional conduct.

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South Carolina Biotechnology Colleges

Visit the colleges that offer biotechnology in South Carolina.

In South Carolina, there are two colleges that offer a biotechnology program. They are the University of South Carolina in Columbia and Clemson University. Both of these colleges offer undergraduate and graduate degrees in this field of study.

Program

Each college offers a four-year undergraduate program in biomedical with a focus on biotechnology. Once a bachelor degree is completed, a student can apply for the masters program in biotechnology. In the masters programs, you can study more specific areas of biotechnology, such as bioelectronics, biosensors, use of renewable resources, drug delivery, bone and tissue regeneration. Additionally, Clemson offers a PhD program in biomedical / medical engineering, which overlaps with the field of biotechnology. However, you must pass a written and oral exam to be accepted in the program.

Tuition

The undergraduate fees for In-state tuition are a little over $10,000 per year for each college. However, if you live out of state and wish to attend one of these schools, your costs are around $20,000 to $24,000 per year. These fees do not include books, food, board, transportation, or any other additional costs.

The graduate fees do increase per year. They are $2,000 or higher depending on the costs of labs and other required costs.

Financial Aid

Financial aid is available at each institution. Applications and additional information can be found online at each college website. Additionally, scholarships are available for you to apply. Visit the colleges' Financial Aid or Scholarship departments for more information. University of South Carolina gives out over a 1,000 scholarships per year.

Duration

The completion of a bachelor's degree requires around 60 hours of classes and labs. This typically is three years of year-round classes or four years, with summers off.

The completion of a masters program requires around 36 hours, with an average grade point of a B. Masters programs usually are completed in two full years of study or in three years of Saturday classes.

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