Explanation Of Unemployment Benefits

Unemployment benefits are part of the social safety net that the federal government has established to provide for you when you need help. Unemployment benefits also keep money flowing in the economy during difficult times. Federal law requires employers to pay into state-run unemployment funds. In addition, employers pay a smaller federal unemployment tax that the government distributes back to the states to help with administrative costs.

Circumstantial Eligibility

To qualify for unemployment benefits, you must be out of work due to no fault of your own. You will qualify for unemployment benefits if you are laid off, but you will not qualify if you quit or if you are fired for having a bad attitude. If you are fired because you are sick or unable to perform the tasks that the job requires, you probably will qualify because this is not your fault. In addition, you may qualify if your company tries to relocate you but circumstances such as home ownership make it impossible for you to move.

Work History Eligibility

You are eligible for unemployment benefits if you have worked a minimum amount of time specified by the law in your particular state. In most states you qualify for unemployment benefits if you have worked four out of the past five quarters, although you do not need to have worked for the same employer continuously. State unemployment agencies refer to this qualifying period of time as your "base period."

Nature of Benefits

The amount that you receive in benefits depends on the amount your earned while you were working, usually based on your income for the 52 weeks prior to your unemployment. In addition to financial benefits, your state unemployment agency may provide you with practical support in the process of finding a new job. These support services may include access to a database of available jobs as well as financial support for education that retrains you in a new field.

Duration of Benefits

Most states pay unemployment benefits for up to 26 weeks. During tough economic times, state and federal governments may extend eligibility periods for unemployment benefits. States usually offer extended unemployment periods of up to 13 weeks, although they sometimes offer an extension period of up to 20 weeks. In December 2010, Congress voted to extend state unemployment benefits for workers who apply through the end of 2011. The total amount of time that each worker is eligible varies by state. With the new provisions, New York state workers are eligible for a total of 93 weeks of unemployment benefits.

Tags: have worked, qualify unemployment, qualify unemployment benefits, unemployment benefits, unemployment benefits, will qualify

Nursing Health Assessment Tools

Assessment is the first step in the nursing process. A nurse uses every tool available to gather the information required to write a patient's diagnoses and care plan.

Charts

A patient's chart provides information about his health status. It includes details about the current medical condition, treatment plan, related past medical history and other important data required to create a care plan.

Vital Signs

Regular monitoring of a patient's heart rate, blood pressure, temperature and respiratory rate allows the nurse to help prevent life-threatening complications and evaluate a patient's overall condition. Abnormalities can indicate a variety of problems ranging from anxiety to heart failure.

Patient Interview

One of the most important assessment tools in nursing is the patient herself. A nurse performs an initial detailed interview to get a full picture of the patient's physical and mental status. A nurse also does shorter interviews throughout the day by asking the patient how she is feeling and other questions about her well-being.

Observation

Nurses use every interaction with patients as a way to gather information by observing patients' responses to stimuli. This helps a nurse recognize pain, emotional disturbances and reaction to treatment. It is an especially important tool for patients who are unable to communicate.

Other Health Care Professionals

Communicating with other health care professionals involved in a patient's care is vital to assessment, especially when a patient is transferred from another location. In a hospital setting, a patient may be seen by a doctor, nurse, respiratory therapist, physical therapist or other specialists. Gathering information from all these sources helps the nurse create a well-rounded care plan.

Tags: care plan, gather information, helps nurse

Colleges Near Downtown Sacramento California

Students have several choices for colleges in Sacramento.

As California's capital, downtown Sacramento is home to several government institutions including the capitol building and the judicial council. The city is also home to several four-year universities and other learning institutions. Community colleges in the area are under the jurisdiction of the Los Rios Junior College District.

California State University Sacramento

Sacramento State University is just east of downtown Sacramento, right off Highway 50. The university is part of the California State University public college system. Sacramento State offers undergraduate and graduate degrees. Colleges at the university include education, business administration, arts and letters and health and human services.

Students can obtain undergraduate degrees in subjects including English, engineering, social work, philosophy, anthropology and biological sciences. Graduate degrees include chemistry, economics, criminal justice, mathematics and kinesiology. Athletics at the college are part of the Big Sky Conference and are categorized as NCAA Division I.

California State University Sacramento

6000 J Street

Sacramento, CA 95819

916-278-6011

csus.edu

University of Sacramento

The University of Sacramento is a private Catholic university. The university opened in 2005 and opened a downtown location that same year. The university offers a Masters of Arts in Theology. Precious coursework in theology isn't required to obtain this masters degree. The university also offers a graduate program in Catholic faith formation.

Students must have a college degree from an accredited institution, a previous grade point average of at least 3.0 and three recommendation letters to be considered for this program. University of Sacramento also offers a basic and advanced certificate in Catechesis.

University of Sacramento

4378 Auburn Blvd. Suite 100

Sacramento, CA, 95841

916-480-9525

universityofsacramento.org

Sacramento City College

Sacramento City College is located just east of downtown Sacramento, down the street from California State University Sacramento. The college was founded in 1916, making it the seventh oldest of its kind in California. The two-year community college broke away from the Sacramento Unified School District and became part of the Los Rios Junior College District in 1964.

The college offers associate degrees and certifications in such subjects as art history, English, journalism, chemistry, interior design, engineering and dental hygiene. Sacramento City College offers an honors program which offers smaller class sizes and can transfer to a university.

Sacramento City College

3835 Freeport Blvd.

Sacramento, CA 95822

916-558-2111

scc.losrios.edu

American River College

American River College is located in northeast Sacramento. It's a two-year community college that is funded by the state of California. It opened in 1955 as California's 61st public junior college. Accreditations of the community college include the California State Board of Registered Nursing, California Association for Alcohol and Drug Educators and the California State Department of Health Services.

Students at American River College can study mathematics, English, nursing, chemistry, horticulture and interior design. Sports programs at the college include volleyball, basketball, softball, football and baseball.

American River College

4700 College Oak Drive

Sacramento, CA 95841

916-484-8011

arc.losrios.edu

Tags: California State, University Sacramento, State University, American River, American River College

Accommodate Multiple Learning Styles

Students are individuals who learn in different ways.

Everyone learns in different ways. There are three main learning styles: visual, auditory and kinesthetic (see Reference 1). Kinesthetic learners learn by doing. They have good hand-eye coordination. They can control body movements and have good balance. Visual learners learn by seeing and think in pictures.They create mental images to help themselves retain information. Auditory learners prefer to learn by listening. They think in words and respond well to music. When planning lessons for your class you need to remember that students are individuals and take their learning styles into account.

Kinesthetic Learners

Kinesthetic learners enjoy practical science experiments.

Kinesthetic learners enjoy hands-on activities and are often good at sports, dance, crafts, drama and creative tasks. Use role-play activities to develop kinesthetic skills; have a student play a character and use "hot seating" in which other class members question him in role. Ask students to act out a scene from a text. Bring a painting to life by having students take on the roles of the subjects. Bring art into other subjects by making sketches of characters or scenes in a story. Undertake practical experiments in science. Use concrete materials to solve problems in math. Allow students to play instruments in music and encourage the development of expression through music and dance.

Auditory Learners

Auditory learners enjoy listening to stories.

Auditory learners enjoy both hearing stories and telling stories themselves. They are good at explaining ideas, convincing others of their points of view and remembering information. They often have excellent speaking skills. Develop these skills by having students retell stories from a character's viewpoint. Ask students to compose advertisements, interview characters from history or texts and develop an argument for a debate or persuasive writing piece. Encourage students to read poems and stories out loud. Give students word problems to solve in math and let them work collaboratively in small groups. Have students research information for science topics.

Visual Learners

Visual learners have good observation skills.

Visual learners are good at solving puzzles. They can read graphs and charts and have a good sense of direction. Visual learners enjoy designing and constructing. Utilize visual learners' artistic ability by having students make mind maps of their ideas as a planning tool. Ask students to make story boards and to study pictures for information and inspiration. Have students create patterns in math. Give them visual problems to solve and concrete materials to manipulate. Visual learners will enjoy representing information in graphs and charts. In science, visual learning skills can be developed through observation and recording and through the interpretation of charts and diagrams.

Accomodating All Students

Good teachers should accommodate all three learning styles in their planning. It is important to do this not just to support students' learning preferences but also to develop the skills at which they may not be so proficient. Be imaginative when planning a lesson and try to include a variety of activities. Spend some time explaining an idea verbally. Have a visual presentation and include a practical hands-on activity. Make sure your students are not doing one type of activity for too long or sitting still for long periods of time. When planning ask yourself: how does this lesson engage all learners?

Tags: learners enjoy, have good, having students, learning styles, Auditory learners, Auditory learners enjoy

Breast Uplift Exercises

Sagging breasts can cause a loss of self-confidence.

Most women want to enjoy firm, perky breasts, but over the years, aging, weight loss and pregnancy can really take a toll on the bosom. Unfortunately, short of surgery, there is very little a woman can do to give her bust a dramatic natural uplift. Breast tissue is made up of mostly fat and glands, so there are no exercises that specifically uplift the breast tissue. However, by toning and building up the muscles in the chest under your breasts, you can achieve a fuller, firmer look and moderate uplift.

Push-ups

Push-ups are effective exercises.

Push-ups are one of the most effective exercises for building the pectoral muscles. Even more appealing, they require no equipment and can easily be done at home. Lie face down on the floor with your hands placed underneath your shoulders. Keeping your feet on the ground, use your arms to push your body up. This is the starting position. From there, lower your body toward the ground until your elbows are at a 90-degree angle, then push back up to the starting position. If regular push-ups prove to be too difficult, placing your knees on the ground rather than the feet can be just as effective. Start with a small number of repetitions until you can work your way up to 20 per set. Doing two sets of push-ups per day will be effective, but you may do more if your body is capable.

The Pectoral Fly

Free weights are needed for this exercise.

The pectoral fly is an exercise that also builds muscle in the chest wall. It can be done using free weights or a machine at the gym. If using free weights, start with a pair of light weights, such as 1 or 2 lbs. Taking one in each hand, lie down on the floor on your back with your arms extended at shoulder height. Your palms should face up. With weights in hand, draw your arms up with elbows slightly bent so that they meet in the middle over your chest. Return your arms to their starting position. Repeat this exercise 8 to 12 times in three sets. As you get comfortable with the exercise, increase the repetitions to 15 and steadily increase the number of sets to five.

Bench Presses

Barbells are traditionally used for the bench press.

The bench press is not just for men. Women looking to uplift their breasts can gain great benefits from the bench press. This exercise can be done with barbells, dumbbells or even a press machine at the gym. Start by selecting a barbell or dumbbells with a weight that you can manage. On a flat weight bench with the weights in line with your chest, push the weights toward the ceiling. Return them to the starting position. Do at least six repetitions and at least three sets. If you can manage it, try to reach 12 repetitions. You can make this exercise more challenging by steadily increasing the weight.

Inclined Bench Presses

Inclined presses are similar to bench presses except for one small difference--they are done on an incline. Inclined presses can be slightly more effective than regular bench presses because the angle at which the weights are lifted helps to better target the muscles under the breast.

Tags: starting position, your arms, bench press, with your, your body, Bench Presses

Use Ultrasonic Technology On Cellulite

Use Ultrasonic Technology on Cellulite

Cellulite is a term commonly used to describe pockets of fat near the surface of the skin that cause a dimpled appearance. It is most common in women and typically occurs on the abdomen, buttocks and thighs. A variety of techniques are used to treat cellulite, including ultrasound. The following steps will show use ultrasonic technology on cellulite.

Instructions

1. Use the Med Sculpt ultrasound system in the United States. This model has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in cellulite reduction.

2. Perform a combination of pumping and sliding movements on the skin with the ultrasound unit. This produces a massaging effect on the cellulite that promotes the breakdown of fibrous tissue, increases the absorption of local edema and enhances the disintegration of fat.

3. Receive treatments based on your age and needs. Ultrasound is generally performed twice per week for four to six weeks. A follow-up treatment is generally every six to eight weeks thereafter. Ultrasonic treatments should be pain-free because they do not pinch or roll the skin and therefore do not cause bruising.

4. Expect clinical results to show an average loss of 1 cm in cellulite per session and a reduction in body contours of up to 3.5 cm. The mean loss over 12 sessions is 6 cm, with a significant improvement in the treated area's appearance.

5. Precede an Endermologie treatment with ultrasound. Some doctors have reported that a 10-minute session with ultrasound makes the Endermologie treatment more effective.

Tags: with ultrasound, Endermologie treatment, Technology Cellulite, Ultrasonic Technology, Ultrasonic Technology Cellulite

Choose A Health Savings Account (Hsa) Provider

Do your homework before you sign up for an HSA through your health insurance provider.

A health savings account allows you to put money aside for future medical emergencies and procedures. Declining health is a serious consideration as you age, and not all medical procedures are covered by all insurance plans. A well-funded HSA can help make sure you stay healthy in your golden years; you can also use an HSA for more immediate medical concerns and emergencies. Figuring out whether you're saving for retirement or a more immediate need will help you choose the best HSA provider and plan for you.

Access to Your Money

Some HSAs are easier to get money out of than others. If you're opening an HSA to put money away for retirement health-care purposes only, this probably won't be a problem for you. HSA accounts with early withdrawal penalties sometimes offer lower monthly maintenance fees and rates. Other HSAs come with check-writing privileges and debit cards that allow you to pay for medical services immediately. If you're opening an HSA for medical procedures you expect to come up in the near future or are using an HSA to balance a high-deductible health insurance plan, this type of HSA could be better for you.

Investing

Certain HSA plans allow you to invest a portion of the money in your account by buying stocks, bonds and mutual funds. Individuals planning for retirement may find this beneficial because it could help increase the amount of money they can save for health-related costs. The risks here are obvious. If a stock, bond or mutual fund decreases in value, so does the overall amount of money you have in your HSA. Many people find HSA plans that allow them to invest a portion of their money helpful if the account is set up by their employer and isn't their main method of saving for medical emergencies and procedures.

HSA Providers Affiliated With Your Health Insurance Provider

Some health insurance providers can help you find an HSA provider that they are affiliated with. This could help reduce your fees and make payment simpler. However, not all plans are created equal; there may be some coverage tradeoffs like lower interest rates or less access to your money. Compare the HSA provider's plan recommended by your insurance company with plans offered by independent HSA providers to see how they stack up.

Where Are Your Accounts Now?

If you take care of most of your financial transaction through one bank, consider choosing an HSA provider that works with your bank as a custodian. Of course you shouldn't sacrifice major features of an HSA account like access to your money, but if an HSA provider offers a plan that looks appealing to you and it uses your bank as a custodian, dealing with your account could be more convenient. You may even be able to transfer money between your HSA and other accounts online if you need to.

Do Your Research

It might seem obvious that you should check out multiple different HSA providers and plans. However, many people choose the plan offered to them by their employer or health insurance provider. Do your research and compare plans. Make a list of what's important to you. Decide if immediate access to your money is more important than a higher interest rate, and if convenience or coverage more important. Once you know what you're looking for, finding an HSA provider becomes easier.

Tags: access your money, health insurance, your money, access your, amount money

Nuclear Engineering & Technology

Nuclear engineering and technology combines essential elements of nuclear science and engineering.

Many are turning to alternate sources of energy as the prices of fossil fuels rise and their availability is on the decline. Nuclear energy is touted as the power of the future, with more than 100 nuclear power plants in the United States alone generating more than 30 percent of global nuclear electricity (as of August 2010). The demand is great, but trained nuclear researchers, scientists and engineers are low in supply. Nuclear engineering and technology, also called nuclear power engineering and automation, is a unique, interdisciplinary program that combines essential elements of engineering and nuclear science. It is offered as a degree program in many engineering universities and colleges that specialize in nuclear science and engineering. Its purpose is to train individuals to work and contribute at various levels of nuclear science in their home countries and overseas.

Areas

Nuclear engineering and technology is a broad discipline that combines various elements of nuclear science and engineering, including but not limited to: computerized tomography, neutron transport theory, nondestructive testing, mathematics, engineering thermodynamics, nuclear power engineering and environment, operation and control of nuclear power plants and safety elements of nuclear reactors.

Degrees

Colleges and universities offer bachelors, masters, doctorate and post doctorate degrees in nuclear engineering and technology. Specific degrees include Bachelor of Engineering in nuclear engineering and technology, Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering and Technology and Ph.D. in Nuclear Engineering and Technology.

Careers

Individuals trained in nuclear engineering and technology find employment in various industries and sectors, including radiochemistry, nuclear chemistry, health physicists, computer science, mathematics and others. Key governmental areas, such as nuclear forensics, nuclear weapons complex, nuclear power industry, nuclear shipping, nuclear transportation, biological research and radiation laboratories routinely look to employ talented nuclear science and engineering professionals.

Importance

Nuclear engineering and technology aims to branch nuclear science and engineering by training researchers, engineers and scientists in the fundamental areas of both. It hopes to address the shortage of engineers, nuclear scientists and technicians in government agencies and research institutions responsible for safety, regulatory and emergency response operations. A specialized workforce trained in nuclear engineering and technology will also play key roles in radiation medicine, including X-ray facilities and tracer radioisotopes.

Future/Scope

According to Charles D. Ferguson in the book "Nuclear Energy: Balancing Benefits and Risks," it is estimated that the global demand for energy will double by 2030 and triple by 2050, with a majority of this demand stemming from the developing world. Furthermore, it is estimated that nuclear energy is expected to increase threefold of its current capacity by 2050 and will contribute approximately 20 percent of the global supply of electricity. This directly translates into more nuclear employment and research opportunities and tremendous growth potential for nuclear engineering and technology.

Tags: nuclear science, engineering technology, nuclear power, nuclear science engineering, science engineering, nuclear engineering technology, elements nuclear

Signs & Symptoms Of Pregnancy With Ivf

Signs & Symptoms of Pregnancy With IVF

For women who have undergone in vitro fertilization, or IVF, the two weeks spent waiting to find out if the procedure was successful can be painstaking. After two weeks, your doctor likely will order a blood test and possibly perform an ultrasound to find out if the embryos have implanted and you are pregnant. Many women don't experience any symptoms, while others may notice some signs that indicate they might be pregnant. These signs can be caused by other factors as well, such as your menstrual period, recuperation from the IVF embryo transfer or as a side effect of medication.

Spotting

Spotting or light vaginal bleeding can be an early sign that the embryo transfer following in vitro fertilization was a success and you are pregnant. Some women experience bleeding when the embryo implants into the uterine wall, however, light vaginal bleeding also can be a sign that your period is starting.

Breast Tenderness

Some women experience breast tenderness or swelling as an early sign of pregnancy. Some women who undergo IVF experience breast tenderness a week or two after the embryo transfer, but many women do not have it at all.

Nausea

Although nausea is commonly associated with women who are in the later stages of early pregnancy, some women have morning sickness before their first missed period. And morning sickness doesn't have to be experienced in the morning. Many women feel nauseous at night or even all day. Food aversions or cravings also can appear early in pregnancy.

Other Signs

Other signs women may experience in the weeks following an embryo transfer include mild cramping and other symptoms that are commonly part of premenstrual syndrome.

Tags: embryo transfer, women experience, Some women, women have, early pregnancy

Develop A Business Plan

Develop a Business Plan

A business plan is an important factor in successfully creating a business, and is often an essential part of qualifying for funding. Business plans are written documents that describe and analyze your business, and provide detailed information about your short and long-term goals, your strategies for achieving those goals, and your company's strengths and weaknesses as they relate to your market. A properly developed business plan will improve your chances of finding investors, and is an effective guide that can be used to keep you on track in the future. Read on to learn develop a business plan.

Instructions

1. Describe your product or service. This section of your plan should be used to discuss what product or service you are selling, and should detail what benefits your product offers to potential customers. How and where will your product be manufactured? If you are starting a retail business, be certain to include information on the location of your business and on the area demographics. Additionally, you should include information about your competition, and mention any obstacles that may need to be overcome before your product is able to hit the market.

2. Analyze your market in this section of your business plan. Include information on your customer's needs, how you intend to reach your customers, how you plan to advertise your product or service, and how much money you intend to spend on your marketing strategy. Documentation should be provided to outline the size and growth potential of your market, and you will need to include a detailed plan showing how you intend to get your product into the hands of consumers.

3. Identify your competition, and establish the advantage your business has over them in your target market. This section of your business plan is important to investors, and you should use it to highlight the strengths of your business and the weaknesses of the competition. However, it is crucial to be realistic and honest with both yourself and potential funding sources.

4. Describe your organization's structure, management, and operational strategy. This section of your plan should detail your plan for manufacturing, purchasing, staffing, and obtaining the needed equipment and facilities for your business. You should include information on how you intend to establish relationships with vendors, and should highlight the experience of your management team. Investors want to know that your management team understands the market and product, and has the experience necessary to successfully start and operate your business.

5. Provide detailed and accurate financial information to be used by potential investors. You are required to provide both historical and prospective financial information, including income statements and cash flow statements for each year your business has been operating (three to five years typically), and you will need to present your expectations for the future and any anticipated income. Any available collateral should also be listed, as it may be a factor when you attempt to qualify for funding.

6. Create a persuasive executive summary. This should be included at the beginning of your business plan, but should be written last. Your executive summary should include information on the history of your company, an outline of your objectives, a description of your product or service, information on your market and projected growth, an overview of your management team, and a powerful statement about the strengths of your business and why you expect it to succeed. The executive summary is primarily an outline of your business plan, but must be written in a way that encourages investors to continue reading. Limit your executive summary to one or two pages.

Tags: your business, your product, business plan, executive summary, product service, section your, your business plan

Medical Conditions Resulting In Unexplained Weight Loss

A person's weight can fluctuate up or down--by 2 to 3 pounds--without reason. However, when weight loss--10 pounds or more--happens without purpose, a serious medical condition could exist. If the total unexplained weight loss occurs within six months to a year, a physician should be consulted. Often, rapid weight loss takes place when a hearty appetite is present. Either way, hungry or not, this type of deterioration should be checked.

Effects

A 5 percent decrease in body weight, occurring involuntarily, generally indicates an underlying medical problem. Unexplained weight loss taking place within one year's time is cause for concern. According to Dr. Arturo R. Rolla, "weight loss can be a serious and ominous finding." Unexplained weight loss, indicative of medical problems, often happens while a person is still eating a regular diet. The loss of appetite--for no known reason--is also an indicator of a potentially serious medical condition.

Increased Appetite

There are fewer causes for unexplained weight loss with an increased appetite; however, medical maladies are usually at the root. They can include: diabetes, hyperthyroidism, malabsorbtion, increased physical activity or dietary changes. According to staff at the Mayo Clinic, diseases of the endocrine system, such as diabetes, can also be associated with a decreased appetite. Involuntary weight loss and its cause can be elusive.

Decreased Appetite

More common with involuntary weight loss is a decreased appetite. Medical conditions associated with this type of weight loss are: cancer, acute and chronic infections, heart or lung disease, gastrointestinal problems, psychiatric disorders, substance abuse and certain medications. The Vanderbuilt School of Medicine maintains that "unintentional weight loss is a non-specific symptom..." but confirms the cause could be a hidden medical condition.

Considerations

When obsessive exercise or binging and purging exist, these behaviors are inherent of emotional issues. When a person, friend or loved one is showing signs of this type of activity, intervention may be necessary. Depression, stress and anxiety are other cause for a decreased appetite and unexplained weight loss.

Age-related Cause

As people age their appetite changes; this change may result in involuntary weight loss. Smell, taste and appearance of certain foods may not appeal to them any longer. It is important to ensure a healthful diet is made available and being consumed by the elderly.

Tags: weight loss, medical condition, this type, weight loss, associated with, decreased appetite

Tennessee Medicaid Eligibility

The State of Tennessee offers Medicaid coverage through TennCare.

The State of Tennessee calls its Medicaid program TennCare, which provides health care coverage for more than 1 million residents, according to TennCare estimates. TennCare offers plans designed for different types of households and physical conditions, including single mothers, people with disabilities and the blind. Each program has specific eligibility requirements, which can include income limits, resource limits and work requirements. People seeking coverage can contact the Tennessee Department of Human Services for more information.

Families First

Families First is Tennessee's welfare program, often referred to in other states as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families. In addition to cash benefits for living expenses, the Families First program also provides TennCare coverage for its participants. The program offers benefits to families with a single parent or two-parent families in which one parent is unemployed, incapacitated or disabled. Participants must have a child under the age of 18 living in the home. To qualify, applicants must meet income limits, ranging from $696 net per month for a family of one to $1,211 net per month for a family of four, according to November 2010 requirements. Participants can have no more than $2,000 in resources, which excludes homestead properties, and have equity of no more than $4,600 in an automobile. The majority of Families First participants must comply with work requirements.

AFDC-MO

TennCare offers the AFDC-MO program, also known as Aid to Families with Dependent Children-Medicaid Only, to single-parent households and two-parent households in which one parent is unemployed, incapacitated or disabled. Participants must have a child under the age of 19. AFDC-MO has higher income limits than Families First, ranging from $1,080 net per month for a family of one to $1,938 net per month for a family of four. Participants can have no more than $2,000 in resources, excluding homesteads, and equity of no more than $4,600 in an automobile. The AFDC-MO program does not offer cash assistance and does not include a work requirement.

Poverty Level Income Standard

The Poverty Level Income Standard (PLIS) program offers Medicaid coverage for pregnant women and children under 19 years of age. Pregnant women and children under the age of 1 can qualify with an income of up to 185 percent of the federal poverty level, as of 2010. Children ages 1 to 5 years can qualify with a household income of no more than 133 percent of the federal poverty level. Children ages 6 to 18 can qualify for PLIS with a household income of no more than 100 percent of the poverty level.

Supplemental Security Income

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefit recipients--including senior citizens, disabled persons and the blind--can qualify for TennCare coverage. Single participants can have a monthly income of no more than $694 and couples up to $1,031, as of 2010. Couples can have no more than $3,000 in resources and single participants up to $2,000. Resource limits exclude homesteads and participants can own one car. The Social Security Administration determines applicant eligibility for SSI TennCare coverage.

Applying for TennCare

Residents can find specific eligibility requirements and submit an application at Tennessee Department of Human Services offices, located in all 95 Tennessee counties. The TennCare website also provides an online application.

Tags: more than, Families First, month family, have more, have more than, income limits

Tell If A Mole May Be Cancerous

Keep a watchful eye on any atypical moles.

Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the world. As this type of cancer often manifests itself in the form of moles, people need to keep an eye on their skin marks. By familiarizing yourself with the warning signs of cancerous moles, you will know exactly when to seek medical attention.

Shape

When looking for atypical moles, keep shape in mind. A normal mole should be round with clearly defined borders and no larger than a pencil eraser. Moles that are atypically large, not circular in shape or have ill-defined, uneven borders should be inspected by a doctor. Moles that meet these criteria are not necessarily cancerous, but when faced with the prospect of skin cancer, you should play it safe.

Color

Another thing to watch out for is color. Red, black, gray and green are common colors in cancerous moles. Furthermore, cancerous moles often contain more than one color. Moles whose color, shape or size change over time should always be reported to a doctor. For this reason, carefully monitor your existing moles in addition to keeping an eye out for new ones. Normal moles evolving into cancerous moles are uncommon but not unheard of -- particularly for people who spend a good deal of time in the sun.

Elevation

The elevation, or "evolution," of a mole is one of the foremost signs of malignant melanoma. This refers to a prompt or gradual change in a mole's size or shape, such as from flatness to an elevated appearance. When dealing with this type of skin cancer, an early diagnosis is crucial to a patient's survival. To this end, many medical professionals recommend that you give yourself at least one thorough mole check a month and carefully note any new moles or changes in existing moles.

Irritation

Irritability is another key factor in identifying cancerous moles. Moles that are easily irritated, excessively itchy or prone to bleeding should promptly be brought to the attention of health-care providers. Furthermore, look for moles on any areas of your body that are prone to bleeding, itchiness or irritability. If present, the mole may serve as the source of the problem and should be examined by a doctor.

Tags: cancerous moles, Moles that, atypical moles, existing moles, prone bleeding, skin cancer, this type

Breast Augmentation & Pregnancy

Keep your baby safe with tips about breast augmentation and pregnancy.

Many women want to know information about their breasts during pregnancy because breast-feeding is important for babies' development. Breast augmentation surgery does not stop many women from trying to breast-feed their children. They might have a difficult experience, or they may have no problems whatsoever. Women who are upset over their breasts' appearance after childbirth can find that breast augmentation surgery is a reasonable alternative.

Breast-Feeding

The majority of women who have undergone breast augmentation surgery are able to breast-feed. According to DocShop.com article "Breast Implants and Pregnancy," implants are inserted under the muscle, which creates a protective layer between the milk ducts and the implants. The incisions made during surgery should not affect breast-feeding. Many women who do and do not have breast augmentation choose to supplement breast-feeding with formula. The choice to supplement often has nothing to do with whether a woman had breast augmentation surgery.

Pregnancy Risks

Breast augmentation surgery should not put you at an increased risk during pregnancy. The main thing that might be a concern is if the saline or silicone implants leaked, which would demand immediate attention. A breast implant that has ruptured or is leaking should be examined by a medical professional. A surgeon needs to put new implants in or remove them quickly. They could potentially be a danger to the fetus.

Effect on the Implants

Pregnancy typically makes women's breasts stretch out of shape and sag. Many women with breast augmentation find that their breasts are not round and perky after they wean their baby. According to Breast-Plastic-Surgery.org article "Breast Implants and Pregnancy," women with large breast implants have worse problems with them sagging. A simple remedy is to have a breast lift after weaning. Women who are considering breast augmentation might want to consider waiting to get the surgery until their child is weaned.

Potential Problems

BabyCenter article "Breasfeeding after Augmentation" lists potential problems that happen from breast augmentation. They include increased or decreased sensitivity and significant engorgement accompanied by a heightened fever, pain and chills. Some women with breast augmentation also have trouble producing milk. There are methods to increase milk supply. For instance, a mother can do what lactation consultants refer to as a power pump. A power pump means the mother pumps for 15 minutes, waits 15 minutes without pumping and then starts pumping again for 15 minutes. She continues this process over the course of an hour.

Natural Breasts After Pregnancy

Many women who have not had breast augmentation experience breasts that sag after pregnancy and weaning. According to Dr. Steven Teitelbaum, M.D., in "Get Your Body Back after Having Children," implants, breast augmentation or a lift (mastopexy) can remedy the aesthetic results of pregnancy. Women can make informed decisions about whether to get augmentations or lifts by discussing their options with a licensed surgeon. Some women do not want a lift because it results in scars, and they opt for an augmentation instead.

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Skin Sparing Mastectomy Procedures

Mastectomy is a surgical procedure used to treat or prevent breast cancer. It involves the removal of some or all of the tissue inside a breast, and may also include removal of associated lymph glands. In some forms of mastectomy, the skin covering the breast is also removed. Skin-sparing mastectomy is a form of the procedure designed to allow tissue removal while retaining the majority of breast skin.

Determining Suitability for a Skin-Sparing Procedure

According to the nonprofit organization BreastCancer.org, a skin-sparing mastectomy can be performed as part of any traditional mastectomy surgery, including simple, total, or radical procedures. However, you will typically not be considered for a skin-sparing mastectomy if you suffer from inflammatory breast cancer, or show other signs of cancerous cells near the inner margins of your breast skin. The procedure is also usually not an option if you do not wish to undergo breast reconstruction as part of your mastectomy.

Phase One: Mastectomy

At the beginning of your skin-sparing mastectomy, your surgeon will remove the nipple and areola from your affected breast. He will also remove the skin from any existing biopsy scars. He will then perform your mastectomy and remove your breast tissue through the opening provided during the first phase of surgery. The exact amount of tissue and associated structures removed will vary with the type of mastectomy you receive. At the end of your procedure, your breast skin will remain as an empty pouch to be filled during breast reconstruction.

Phase Two: Reconstruction

Several forms of reconstruction are commonly performed in association with a skin-sparing mastectomy. Prior to your surgery, you and your doctors can determine which procedure is most appropriate for you.

In a TRAM flap reconstruction, your surgeon will rebuild your breast with your transverse rectus abdominis muscle, which is located in your lower abdominal wall below your navel. Skin and fat associated with this muscle will also be used. A primary TRAM procedure is typically completed at the time of your mastectomy. If you want to restore the appearance of your nipple, a second minor surgery will be performed at a later date.

In a deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap procedure, your surgeon will remove fat and skin from the same area used in a TRAM reconstruction, but will leave the muscle intact.

In a latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction, this muscle and associated skin from your upper back are detached and shifted under your skin to your breast pouch. Once this tissue is in place, your surgeon will place a saline implant inside of it to give your breast a full appearance. Typically, other muscles in the back compensate well for the missing latissimus dorsi, and few functional problems occur.

In a gluteal free flap reconstruction, your surgeon will use muscle and associated tissue from your buttocks. This procedure may be employed if abdominal tissue removal is medically or psychologically inappropriate.

Consult your oncologist (cancer specialist) and surgeon for more details on skin-sparing mastectomy and its associated procedures.

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Sulbactam Side Effects

Sulbactam is a drug used to treat a variety of infections such as skin infections, gynecological infections or infections of the abdomen. This medication is used along with ampicillin, also a drug used to fight infections caused by bacteria. Sulbctam can be given orally or, in most cases, through injections. Many mild to severe side effects are associated with sulbactam.

Allergic Reaction

For those being treated with sulbactam, severe allergic reactions are possible. As reported by drugs.com, symptoms of a severe allergic reaction include difficulty breathing, chest pain, rash, hives, itching, swelling of the mouth, face, lips or tongue, bloody stools, severe diarrhea, chills and fever. Other indicators include severe vomiting and upset stomach, stomach pain, cramps, unusual bruising and bleeding, vaginal irritation, vaginal discharge, inflammation of veins, tenderness of veins and white patches in the mouth.

Side Effects : Local/Gastrointestinal

Drugs.com explains that common local side effects include pain at the intramuscular injection site and swelling of the vein and pain at the intravenous injection site. Reported gastrointestinal side effects have included diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and gas, and swelling of the tongue. These side effects were rarely reported by those using sulbactam. Other rare side effects are pancreatitis, inflammation of the lining of the stomach, stomatitis, black and hairy tongue, and inflammation of the small intestine.

Side Effects: Hypersensitivity/Dermatologic

Many patients have reported being hypersensitive to taking this drug. Such hypersensitivity issues have included rash, itching, low blood pressure, edema, eosinophilia, rapid breathing, life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), Stevens-Johnson syndrome and certain kidney disorders. Dermatologic side effects, as explained by drugs.com, are dermatitis, dry skin, allergic reaction causing itching, chills, fever and joint pain and blotches (red in color) on the surface of the skin.

Side Effects: Nervous System/Hematologic

According to drugs.com, there are many mild to severe nervous system and hematologic side effects that have affected many patients. Nervous system side effects included seizures in patients who are extremely sick and, in some cases, neurotoxicity. Drugs.com states that hematologic side effects are decreases and increases in hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, neutrophils, platelets and lymphocytes. Anemia, low levels of platelets and a decrease in the white blood-cell count, is also possible.

Additional Side Effects

Hepatic side effects have also been reported. Drugs.com states that in rare cases, hepatitis has occurred, but increases in "AST (SGOT), ALT (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase and LDH" are common. Increased levels of these enzymes indicates that there may be damage to the liver or surrounding muscles. Genitourinary side effects are also possible and include difficulty urinating, painful urination, blood in the urine and urinary hyaline casts. Nosebleeds, swelling of the face, swelling of the throat (causing difficulty swallowing) and chills are other side effects that have been experienced by those taking sulbactam.

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Be A Radiology Nurse

Be a Radiology Nurse

Radiology nursing is one of the many specialties available to those seeking a registered nursing degree. A radiology specialty requires extra training beyond the standard nursing school courses. A radiology nurse can choose sub-specialties in the area of diagnostic radiology or radiation therapy.

Instructions

1. Graduate from an accredited school of nursing with a registered nursing degree.

2. Enroll in a radiology specialty program for nurses. This may entail an extra year of coursework after college in order to pass a certification test in radiology.

3. Get a job in the radiology department of a hospital or clinic. If you choose diagnostic radiology, you will be using MRI, CAT scan and ultrasound equipment to assist radiologists in diagnosing patients.

4. Pursue a radiation therapy specialty. Radiation therapy can include chemotherapy, radiation treatments for cancer patients and administering specialized therapies to those with blood clots.

5. Monitor the progress of patients under your care. Check their vital signs and make certain that all of the doctor's orders are being administered. Bring any changes in the patient's status to the radiologist's attention.

6. Be an advocate for the patient, serving as a go-between for the patient and the doctor. Keep the patient informed about what the doctor is ordering and why the treatment is necessary. Provide comfort to patients who are coping with serious illnesses.

Tags: diagnostic radiology, nursing degree, radiation therapy, Radiology Nurse, radiology specialty, registered nursing, registered nursing degree

Difference Between A Digital & Analog Police Scanner

Difference Between a Digital & Analog Police Scanner

Police scanners allow the public to hear police, fire fighter, ambulance and other radio transmissions. During operation, police scanners scan through pre-programmed channels. The type of police scanner depends on the type of radio transmission it is expected to monitor.

Analog Police Scanners

Analog or conventional police scanners pick up analog (non-digital) radio transmissions. A keypad allows frequencies to be entered and stored in the scanner's memory. Many smaller cities and rural areas use analog radio transmissions.

Analog Trunking-capable Scanners

In large cities, trunked radio systems allow more users to share the same frequencies. There may be many users sharing a pool of frequencies, and conventional police scanners are unable to monitor all of these users. Analog trunking-capable scanners successfully monitor trunked radio systems.

Digital Police Scanners

Larger cities are switching to digital systems because of clearer sound and a greater range of reception. With digital systems, channels may be encrypted, and only authorized users hear the transmission. Digital police scanners pick up analog, trunked and digital radio transmissions and are more expensive than analog scanners.

Tags: radio transmissions, Analog Police, Analog Police Scanner, Between Digital, Between Digital Analog, conventional police, conventional police scanners

Radiology & Lung Cancer Detection

Most lung cancer is detected through X-rays.

Lung cancer is a terminal disease that primarily affects the lungs. However, lung cancer can spread to other tissues and organs through the lymph nodes or the blood stream if not detected early and treated. There are several diagnostic methods of imaging technology that are used by radiologists in the detection of lung cancer, and most lung cancer is detected by routine chest X-rays for other issues before any signs or symptoms of lung cancer arise.

Causes, Signs and Symptoms

Smoking is the No. 1 cause of lung cancer. Other causes include: second-hand smoke, asbestos exposure, lung diseases like tuberculosis (TB) and chronic obtrusive pulmonary disease (COPD), radon exposure and certain occupations.

Most patients with lung cancer do not experience any signs or symptoms until the much later stages of the disease. In some cases, patients will experience one or more of the signs and symptoms of lung cancer, including a cough that is either new or has gotten worse over time; coughing up any amount of blood; chest pain that is dull, achy and persistent; shortness of breath; wheezing or hoarseness; or repeating respiratory infections such as bronchitis or pneumonia. If you have any of these signs or symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.

Chest Radiology (X-ray)

Chest X-rays are one of the most readily available diagnostic tools. Chest X-rays are the first step taken in the diagnosis of lung cancer. This type of imaging exposes the patient to small doses of radiation. These X-rays take images of the lungs from side, frontal and back views, revealing the presence of any abnormal masses. However, X-rays cannot determine if the mass found is cancerous; further testing is needed. This additional testing will also determine the extent of any damage.

Computerized Tomatography (CT)

CT scans are enhanced 3-D X-rays producing cross-section images of the area being scanned, including the abdomen, chest and head. With this enhanced 3-D ability, a CT scan is much more accurate than the typical chest X-ray in the detection of lung cancer. The imaging of a CT scan is so precise that it can detect specific features on tumors found in patients with lung cancer, enabling doctors to better detect any damage and spreading caused by this terminal disease. CT images also can pinpoint the location and size of tumors in lung cancer patients. Radiation exposure is minimal with a CT scan.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

This type of imaging is produced by radio waves, magnetism and computers to give very detailed images of the areas that are scanned. CT imaging is not as accurate as MRI imaging in the detection of lung cancer tumor types, and there is no exposure to radiation. MRI scans are becoming more available, but tend to be a much slower process than the CT scan. MRIs are also significantly more expensive than a CT scan. In addition, special resolution is poorer on MRI imaging and respiratory movement can blur images.

Patients who have undergone any procedure involving the implantation of a heart valve, pacemaker or any other metal implant of any kind, cannot have an MRI scan. Doctors fear that the magnetism of the machine would displace or interfere with these implanted devises.

Positrom Emission Tomography (PET)

Measuring metabolic activities and tissue functions, PET imaging can detect where glucose is being used in the body. This allows doctors to differentiate between benign (non-cancerous) tumors and malignant (cancerous) tumors. PET imaging is done using intravenous (IV) radioactive drugs that move through the blood stream and attach to various cells in the body producing a colored 3-D image for doctors to examine metabolism in tissue cells. PET imaging can determine whether or not a tumor is actively growing and spreading. In addition, PET scans help determine the particular type of cells within a particular tumor to provide extensive information on the growth of such tumors. This method provides detailed information on lung cancer, and goes a long way in properly diagnosing and treating the disease.

Tags: lung cancer, lung cancer, detection lung, detection lung cancer, signs symptoms

About Mri Technicians

About MRI Technicians

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial to the healthcare industry. Much like an X-ray does for the bones, MRIs allow a doctor to look inside a patient to spot any build-ups, legions or other unnatural substances that may be harming a patient. Though MRI technicians are mainly charged with operated the large, complex MRI equipment, their tasks extend well beyond that, meaning that those who wish to pursue a career as an MRI technician should first ensure that they have the patience, stamina and strength to properly handle the delicate equipment and the delicate cargo that they must position inside the machine.

Function

MRI technicians operate magnetic resonance imaging scanners to obtain the necessary images for the ordering physician to view a specific body part, identify any problems and come to the proper diagnosis and treatment route. Because these images are extremely detailed and crucial to the proper diagnosis, MRI technicians must follow the ordering physician's instructions impeccably, especially when it comes to placing the patient correctly into the scanner to allow for optimal imaging. This can be an arduous task, and requires that an MRI technician have a fair amount of physical strength.

Geography

Many MRI technicians work in the radiology departments of hospitals, which is where a majority of MRI's are ordered. A fair amount of technicians also work in imaging centers that may be attached to healthcare facilities, such as doctor's offices, trauma centers and urgent cares.

Features

In addition to being a good listener and direction taker, an MRI technician must be detail-oriented, well spoken and patient. Undergoing an MRI procedure can be a stressful and intimidating experience for a patient, especially if this is their first time. MRI technicians must be able to articulate what is going to happen, how the patient needs to position himself, how long the procedure will take, and what the patient should expect during and after the procedure. These instructions are crucial to not only obtain the correct imaging, but also to the mental health of the patient, who oftentimes must be soothed and calmed prior to undergoing the MRI. Special care and attention should be paid to the elderly and young, as well as people who express a claustrophobia or a fear of confined spaces.

Time Frame

An MRI technician, like other healthcare workers, usually works a 40-hour work week. In order to become an MRI technician, one must undergo a training program that varies in length from one to four years. Obtaining your MRI certificate only takes one year, though this program is reserved for members of the health field who are already specializing in some form of radiology. There is also the two-year Associate's Degree or a four-year Bachelor's Degree that technicians typically pursue in radiology. Nearly 40 states have also introduced licensing regulations for MRI technicians, which varies. Many MRI technicians choose to become certified through the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT), which requires a certification exam, though this certification cannot supercede any licensing requirements set forth by the state.

Considerations

Very few people choose to become an MRI technician outright. Most enter the field of radiology first and gain a few years of experience as an X-ray technician before pursuing a specialty position as an MRI technician. Some do, however, pursue their degrees in radiology without obtaining any practical experience as a radiology technician.

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Digital Technology Careers

Digital technology is omnipresent in our lives.

Digital technology is omnipresent in our lives. Actions that used to take a long time to complete are now done in a matter of seconds by digitizing or changing information into a series of 0s and 1s to be read by a computer. Communications, photography and medicine are all fields that now use digital technology, and you can explore careers in each of these fields.

Broadcast Technician

A broadcast technician uses equipment to send a digital signal to satellites and cable services to broadcast radio and television programs. This technician is also responsible for fixing and maintaining broadcast equipment. Broadcast technicians work in radio and television stations and movie production studios. An Associates or Bachelor's degree in sound or broadcast engineering can help you break into the field. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects growth in broadcast technician jobs to remain flat between 2008 and 2018 (Reference 2). The average salary range for a broadcast engineer as of 2010 was between $31,486 and $52,476 (Reference 2).

Digital Photographer

Many people still use film in their cameras, but digital photography has brought picture-taking to a whole new level. Digital photographers are employed in many different industries, including fashion, art, and print and web publishing. Many photographers own their own studios, contracting out their services to other businesses, while others are full-time staff members of various organizations. The work environment is practically limitless and ever-changing, and the opportunity to instantly view and manipulate images makes this an exciting career. The Bureau of Labor Statistics stays the photography field will grow as fast as the national average for jobs in general, but competition for these jobs will be great (Reference 3). Your skills and a Bachelors degree in photography, can set you apart from the competition. Photographers make an average yearly salary between $42,840 and $62,672 (Reference 4).

Radiologic Technologist

A radiologic technologist is a different kind of photographer, using digital technology to take x-rays of human or animal body parts to help diagnose internal problems. Radiologic technologists work in medical and veterinary hospitals, clinics and imaging services. A radiologic technologist explains the procedure to the patient and positions him and the equipment to take the x-rays. Most radiologic technologists hold an Associates degree in radiologic technology. The job outlook for these technicians is expected to increase 17 percent between 2008 and 2018 (Reference 5). The average annual salary for a radiologic technologist in 2010 was between $43,677 and $52,154 (Reference 6).

Tags: between Reference, 2008 2018, 2008 2018 Reference, 2010 between, 2010 between Reference, 2018 Reference

Grants For Histology School

Histology majors can obtain money for school through programs offered by professional organizations, their colleges or universities or state or federal programs. Certain programs offers grants specifically for histology majors, while others extend eligibility to all biology majors. Certain student aid programs may require students to attend participating schools or limit candidates based on past experience in histology. Histology education funding varies and may offer one-time awards or renewable grants.

Federal Programs

A limited number of federal programs offer student aid specifically for students pursuing certain types of careers. For instance, the National Science and Mathematics Access to Retain Talent Grant, typically referred to as the National Smart Grant, offers funding for students pursuing degrees in engineering, technology, mathematics, foreign language and physical sciences, including histology and cellular biology. Students can apply for the Smart Grant during their junior and senior years and must have a minimum GPA of 3.0 to qualify. Candidates must also qualify for the Federal Pell Grant and can receive Smart Grant funding along with Pell Grant awards. As of July 2011, the Smart Grant program pays a maximum of $4,000 per school year.

State-Sponsored Grants

Certain state governments sponsor scholarship programs for which science majors may qualify. For example, the Ohio Board of Regents sponsors the Choose Ohio First Scholarship Program, which offers student aid for individuals pursuing coursework in science, mathematics, engineering, technology and medicine. The board selects certain Ohio postsecondary institutions to participate in the COF program, and each school administers its own scholarships. Stark State College receives COF funding and offers scholarships to students enrolled in its engineering and biotechnology programs. As of July 2011, the college's COF scholarship program requires candidates to have at least a 2.5 GPA and pays up to $2,000 per school year.

Professional Organization Programs

Professional organizations often administer scholarships for students pursuing careers in their particular field of interest. The National Society for Histotechnology, for example, administers multiple scholarship programs for college students enrolled in histology coursework. NSH scholarships offer awards of $1,000 as of July 2011, which can help students pay for tuition, textbooks and school fees. The organization sponsors its own scholarship programs and administers others sponsored by corporations such as Cardinal Health. The NSH offers its scholarships to students pursuing advanced coursework in histotechnology and individuals preparing to take their histotechnology certification test.

College Programs

Colleges that offer histology degrees may administer scholarships for their students. The Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology at Iowa State University offers multiple financial aid programs for its students, including the Darlene and Melvin Larsen Genetics, Development and Cell Biology Scholarship. The Larsen program offers merit-based funding to undergraduate students enrolled in cell biology coursework and pays up to $1,000 per school year, as of July 2011. Iowa State's Sophomore Success Scholarship program extends eligibility to all sophomore-level biology majors and pays up to $1,000 per academic year. Only students who have completed a minimum of 45 credits at Iowa State, and who have a minimum GPA of 3.0, can qualify for the Sophomore Success program.

Tags: July 2011, Smart Grant, students pursuing, Iowa State, scholarship programs, scholarships students, school year

How Long Does It Take To Get The Nicotine Out Of Your System When You Quit Smoking

Smoking is obviously an addiction that takes serious measures to overcome. Even after you put down that last cigarette, the battle with nicotine continues. The drug stays and continues to wreak havoc on the body days later. According to the American Cancer Society, you will be affected by the nicotine and chemicals in cigarettes for years in the future as your body attempts to repair the damage.

What Happens Immediately

Once you put out your last cigarette, the nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes are still working in your system, however, they will begin to subside. According to the Nova Southeastern University, the effects of quitting smoking occur as little as 20 minutes after you stop. That is when the pulse and blood pressure are supposed to decrease from the increased levels experienced while smoking. The toxins like carbon monoxide leave 12 hours after quitting. The nicotine leaves three to four days later.

Nicotine Withdrawals

While the body is ridding itself of the nicotine, you will experience withdrawal symptoms. They include irritation, weight gain, insomnia, anxiety, depression, difficulty concentrating, headaches, fatigue and cough, among other things. These symptoms will begin to taper off at day three or four after quitting smoking. This is the same time that the nicotine will leave the system. According to the American Cancer Society, however, urges that withdrawal symptoms may take a few weeks to fully dissipate.

Stop Smoking Aids

If you are quitting by using a smoking aid, then you may still have the nicotine in your system. Patches, gums and even the smoking-replacement devices all have doses of nicotine that decrease as you progress through the program. Despite the lower dose, it will still take a few days for the nicotine to leave your system.

Contact your doctor to find prescription products that help you quit smoking without nicotine. These drugs, buproprion and varenicline, also help with nicotine withdrawal symptoms. You will need a prescription for these drugs. People with certain conditions may not be able to take these drugs, so see your doctor for more information.

Tags: withdrawal symptoms, According American, According American Cancer, after quitting, American Cancer, American Cancer Society

Pros & Cons Of Gatorade

Developed in 1965, Gatorade was originally created to combat dehydration and cramping among players of the Florida Gators football team. However, the benefits and disadvantages of regular consumption have been debated in recent years. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Appeal

For some consumers, the flavors and colors of Gatorade make the sports drink more appealing than plain water.

Electrolytes

Although the electrolyte replenishing qualities of Gatorade can benefit athletes who sweat profusely for 60 minutes or more every day, less active individuals do not glean any more benefit from drinking Gatorade than they would from drinking water.

Sweeteners

Gatorade contains high fructose corn syrup. High fructose corn syrup has been linked to obesity and metabolic conditions.

Dental Damage

A study conducted by the University of Iowa found that Gatorade erodes teeth faster than Coke, Diet Coke, Red Bull or 100 percent apple juice.

Weight Gain

Drinking a single 20-oz. sports drink every day for a year could cause an individual to gain about 13 lbs., according to a report from the University of California at Berkley's Robert C. and Veronica Akins Center for Weight and Health.

Tags: corn syrup, from drinking, fructose corn, fructose corn syrup, sports drink

What Is The Common Recovery Time For Thyroid Surgery

Thyroid surgery is recommended for thyroid cancer, cysts, Grave's disease, and symptomatic nodules on the thyroid. According to Weill Cornell Medical College (WCMC), the recovery time for thyroid surgery is relatively fast for most patients.

Preparations

To reduce the risk of complications, do not drink or eat after midnight the day of your surgery. Discontinue the use of aspirin and anti-inflammatory medications one week before surgery.

Procedure

During the operation, a four-inch incision is made in your neck. Once the thyroid gland is partially or completely removed, the surgeon stitches up the incision. The procedure takes up to three hours under general anesthesia, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine (JHM).

Recovery

If the operation is free of complications, expect to recover in a week or two.

Exceptions

Infection---which is rare, according to JHM---may delay your recovery. Discharge or redness at the incision site are signs of an infection.

Restrictions

JHM reports that there are no restrictions following thyroid surgery, except for a one-week ban on driving. Avoid activities in which your neck is strained for two weeks, suggests WCMC.

Supplementation

Whether your thyroid is partially or completely removed, you likely will take thyroid replacement hormones for the rest of your life. Also, according to WCMC, you may need temporary calcium supplementation.

Tags: completely removed, partially completely, partially completely removed, your neck

New Jersey State Requirements For Flu Shots

New Jersey requires influenza vaccinations for children.

Each year, there are approximately 200,000 hospitalizations due to influenza. In order to reduce this number, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Control recommends routine annual vaccinations of children 6 months to 18 years of age. In New Jersey, the Department of Health and Senior Services oversees the regulations in regard to influenza vaccinations and anyone wishing to send their children to school must abide by them.

Age Requirements for Children

According to the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, children younger than 4 years of age have hospitalization rates as high as 500 for every 100,000. Therefore, children from 6 months through 59 months of age attending any licensed preschool or child-care facility on or after September 1, 2008, must receive at least one influenza vaccine between September 1 and December 31 of each year. Children younger than 6 months of age cannot receive the influenza vaccine.

High-risk Categories for Children and Adolescents

High-risk children should receive vaccinations.

Children and adolescents in the high-risk category should continue to receive vaccinations. Physical complications that qualify as high-risk are: chronic pulmonary, including asthma; cardiovascular; renal; hepatic; cognitive; neurological or neuromuscular; hematological; or metabolic disorders, including diabetes. Other high-risk persons are residents of long-term care facilities and pregnant adolescents.

Time Frame

Influenza vaccines are generally distributed to health care centers by October and November. The time frame is coordinated with the approximate four-month influenza season. If a child is not immunized by the December 31 deadline, they are still required to receive one on January 1 or later. The four-month time frame was created to make monitoring the immunization status of a large number of children more manageable.

Recommendations for Adults

Vaccinations are highly recommended for adults over 50 years of age.

Annual vaccinations for adults depend on age and risk category. Vaccinations are highly recommended for: adults 50 years of age or older, health care workers, caregivers for children less than five years of age, or caregivers for adults more than 50 years of age. Other high risks include: pregnant women; residents of nursing homes; and people with chronic pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, cognitive, neurological, neuromuscular, hematological, or metabolic disorders, including diabetes.

Medical and Religious Exemptions

New Jersey immunization regulations allows medical and religious exemptions to vaccinations. Objections that are philosophical, moral, or secular are not allowed. Medical reasons must be written by medical professionals stating that the vaccination would be "contraindicated for a specific period of time."

Many religions have beliefs that the human body is in the hands of God and vaccinations manipulate this belief. Some vaccines have animal ingredients and the harming of animals also go against their beliefs. For these religious exemptions, a written statement by the parent or guardian must clearly state why the vaccination would "conflict with the pupil's exercise of bona fide religious tenets or practices."

Tags: cardiovascular renal, cardiovascular renal hepatic, chronic pulmonary, cognitive neurological, cognitive neurological neuromuscular, Department Health, Department Health Senior

Radiation Technology Programs In California

California is home to a number of ARRT-approved rad tech programs.

A number of colleges and hospitals in California offer training programs in radiation technology, a field the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts will grow by 24 percent from 2008 through 2018. These programs combine classroom-based instruction with hands-on practice to prepare students for careers as rad techs. The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) has accredited many of these programs, allowing their graduates to seek certification in the field.

City College of San Francisco

A public two-year institution, City College of San Francisco is home to more than 100,000 students. To enroll in the college's associate degree program for rad techs, students must first complete courses in algebra, geometry, medical chemistry, conceptual physics and undergo a health screening and criminal background check. The program takes two full years of study to complete with students participating in five clinical rotations throughout that time. Students are also encouraged to take computer science courses in addition to classes in science and anatomy. Federal and state financial aid is available.

City College of San Francisco

50 Phelan Avenue

San Francisco, CA 94112

415-239-3285

ccsf.edu

City of Hope School of Radiation Therapy

City of Hope is a cancer treatment center and hospital located in Duarte, approximately 21 miles northeast of Los Angeles. The clinic began the School of Radiation Therapy in 1975. The one-year certificate program is only open to individuals who already have an associate's degree, have taken a radiography training program and received licensure and credentialing from both the ARRT and the State of California Department of Public Health. To keep the program small, the hospital is selective about whom it admits and requires an interview for all applicants. Students in the program spend eight hours per week in classroom or laboratory sessions and 32 hours per week in clinical settings. The school does not participate in financial aid programs but allows tuition to be paid in two installments rather than requiring all of it at once.

City of Hope School of Radiation Therapy

1500 East Duarte Road

Duarte, CA 91010

626-301-8247

cityofhope.org

California State University at Long Beach

Founded in 1949, California State University at Long Beach is a public four-year university with more than 31,000 undergraduate students. To receive acceptance into the school's three-year radiation therapy program, students must observe a radiation department in a hospital for a minimum of 40 hours, submit letters of recommendation and a personal essay, undergo an interview and complete prerequisite classes in biology, anatomy, computer information systems, calculus, critical reading and writing and physics. Applicants do not need to have previous medical training or any type of college degree. Four internships are required as a part of the curriculum as well as a number of laboratory sessions. State and federal financial aid is available.

California State University at Long Beach

1250 Bellflower Boulevard

Long Beach, CA 90840

562-985-5471

csulb.edu

Tags: Long Beach, California State, California State University, City College, City College Francisco, City Hope, College Francisco

Breast Reduction Excercises

Breast reduction exercises are appealing to many men and women who struggle with the size of their breasts. Large breasts can be not only unwanted but also unhealthy, with back pain and even misalignment sometimes resulting. While some people resort to plastic surgery to reduce breast size, others prefer to use exercise techniques and diet changes for a non-surgical option.

Push-ups are one exercise that can tighten the muscles under the breasts.

Function

Breasts are composed of different types of tissue. Glandular tissue is the actual breast tissue, while fatty tissue covers the surface of the breast. Breast reduction exercises have two functions: reducing the fatty tissue and building the pectoral muscle underneath the breasts.

Types

Two types of exercises can be used to reduce breast size. Cardiovascular exercises can be used to burn fat all over the body, which will also contribute to burning the fatty tissue of the breasts. Muscle-building exercises--like push-ups, bench presses and arm circles--can help build the pectoral muscle, which will help tighten the breasts and reduce sagging of the tissues.

Misconceptions

Spot-reduction, the belief that exercises targeting a specific area of the body can reduce the fat in that area, is a myth. Weight loss in the entire body, however, often results in breast reduction because fatty areas (like the breast) tend to lose fat first. People who are already normal weight or underweight, however, will not be able to reduce breast size through overall weight loss because they do not have enough excess fatty tissue in the breast.

Considerations

Because muscle-building exercises alone cannot reduce breast size, adopting a healthy diet that is low in fat can also aid in breast reduction goals. Low-fat foods and a diet high in whole grains, vegetables and fruits, combined with cardiovascular exercise three times per week, will prevent adding to fat stores in the breast and speeding fat burn. As always, consult your doctor before making changes to your diet or exercise routine.

Benefits

Breast weight loss is beneficial not only to one's appearance and confidence, but also has health benefits. Because losing fatty tissue from the breast requires adopting a plan for overall weight loss, non-surgical breast reduction goals can be helpful for overweight people in general. Also, breast reduction can reduce and prevent the back pain and long-term injury that can result from large breast size in women in particular.

Tags: breast size, fatty tissue, reduce breast, reduce breast size, weight loss, back pain

Car Insurance Laws In Colorado

Driving right in Colorado

If you are a resident of Colorado and you drive an automobile, you must have the minimum amount of liability insurance required by the state. If you cause an auto accident, liability insurance will pay medical expenses and repair of personal property of the other driver as well as those riding with you. Uninsured motorist coverage is not required by the state of Colorado.

Minimum Coverage

Drivers in Colorado must have at least $25,000 liability insurance for injuries sustained by passengers of both you and the other vehicle. The limit of that coverage for a single accident is $50,000. Finally, a Colorado driver must carry a minimum of $15,000 coverage for damages to the other vehicle and other personal property.

Other Recommended Coverages

The coverage required by Colorado is the bare minimum you should have. The state recommends that you increase the coverage substantially of the liability portion of your insurance and purchase insurance in the event that you sustain injuries and/or repairs resulting from an accident caused by someone who is either uninsured or underinsured. Also, you should consider collision insurance that will pay some of the repair costs of your car, regardless of who was at fault.

"Med-pay" Insurance

Although the policy owner can refuse this coverage when he applies for auto insurance, insurance companies must offer it as of Jan. 1, 2009. Essentially, "med-pay" will cover the medical expenses of everyone in an automobile accident regardless of who was at fault. Colorado changed from being a so-called "no fault" state in 2003 but, since cases establishing blame can take years to try, the legislature devised a way for insurance companies to pay first-responders and emergency rooms on a more timely basis. "Med-pay" coverage begins at $5,000 and it costs about $60 per year.

Verifying

An owner of an automobile must attest to having at least the minimum insurance required by Colorado and pledge to keep it while owning the vehicle. If an owner fails to note that, he will be fined. If he lies on the form, he is subject to perjury charges.

Tags: liability insurance, automobile must, coverage required, insurance companies, insurance required, medical expenses

List Of Health Insurance Companies In North Carolina

North Carolina is home to various health insurance companies.

Health insurance helps cover the cost of health care services for individuals and families. Most people have health insurance coverage through their employers. Individuals who are self-employed or between jobs have coverage through individual plans. North Carolina residents may obtain health insurance coverage from various nationwide insurance companies or from insurance companies based in North Carolina.

Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina

Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina has its headquarters in Chapel Hill and major operation centers in Winston-Salem and Durham. According to its website, Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina has 4,600 employees and 3.7 million customers, making it the largest health insurer in the state. The company serves individual and small and large group markets. Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina holds the highest accreditation from the National Committee for Quality Assurance for its PPO, HMO and Point-of-Service plans.

Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina

Corporate HQ

5901 Chapel Hill Road

Durham, NC 27707

800-324-4973

800-291-6315

bcbsnc.com

Inclusive Health

The North Carolina Health Insurance Risk Pool operates under the name of Inclusive Health. It was originally set up by the North Carolina Legislature as a state-subsidized high-risk pool to provide health insurance for North Carolinians with pre-existing conditions who could not get coverage elsewhere. In July 2010, Inclusive Health began operating a federally subsidized high-risk pool formed as part of the 2010 national health care overhaul. The risk pool offers discounted rates on individual insurance policies to people who are both ineligible for coverage under an employer plan and have pre-existing medical conditions. A 12-member board that includes the state’s commissioner of insurance and 11 other members appointed by state officials governs the company.

Inclusive Health

P.O. Box 30909

Raleigh, NC

866-665-2117

inclusivehealth.org

WellPath Select Inc.

WellPath Select is a subsidiary of Coventry Health. Its main office is in Morrisville. The insurer offers insurance plans to the individual market and small and large group markets. According to the company’s website, WellPath Select serves more than 160,000 residents in both North and South Carolina. It has a provider network numbering 24,000 members throughout the Carolinas, with additional providers all over the country.

WellPath Select Inc.

2801 Slater Road

Suite 200

Morrisville, NC 27560

866-364-5663

chcnorthcarolina.coventryhealthcare.com

FirstCarolinaCare Insurance

FirstCarolinaCare Insurance is a subsidiary of FirstHealth of the Carolinas. FirstHealth of the Carolinas is a private not-for-profit network located in Pinehurst. The company holds licenses for various entities, including three hospitals, three sleep disorder centers, three dental clinics, six family care centers, a hospice program, home health services and an insurance plan. FirstCarolinaCare Insurance focuses on medical management, using a primary care physician. The company markets to individual and small group segments.

FirstCarolinaCare Insurance

43 Memorial Drive

Pinehurst, NC 2874

800-574-8556

firstcarolinacare.com

Tags: North Carolina, Blue Cross, Blue Cross Blue, Blue Shield, Blue Shield North