Many women consider breast implants each year. Most women are looking for larger, perkier breasts but intend for the result to look natural on their frame. However, implants that are too large can show under skin, and too-small implants can sink into existing breast tissue and provide minimal support. For correct sizing, it is important to go to a good surgeon who will allow for plenty of time to advise you on size implants to maintain natural look and feel.
Instructions
1. Measure your band size by getting an appropriate measurement from under the breasts, around the ribcage. Take a look at bras at a reputable lingerie stores that reflect your band size in higher cup sizes. Keep in mind that since bras vary between manufacturers, you can't count on your breasts fitting into a particular bra after surgery, but looking at different sizes can help you get an idea of what you may want.
2. Pick out some of your favorite shirts and dresses and take them with you to the surgeon's office for a consultation. Take a spouse or trusted friend with you to the consultation, if possible, to get a second opinion on sizes.
3. Go to your doctor's office wearing a plain sports bra. Ask him to place implants of different sizes in your bra to give you an idea of what sizes the implants will provide on your frame. Be sure that the surgeon measures the width of your breast to make sure that you're trying on sizes that fit, as an improper width will look unnatural and may show through skin.
4. Pick a few implants that seem to fit your body well. Try on your shirts and dresses to get a feel for how the implants will look under your favorite clothing. Test a slightly larger size than the one you feel is best, as breast implants settle and look a smaller after the recovery process.
5. Get opinions from your friend and from the surgeon on how these implants will look under the skin. Decide if the implants are best placed under the muscle or over the muscle. Under-the-muscle implants look more natural over time, but some surgeons are not comfortable with the more-difficult procedure. Post-op recovery is longer and a bit more painful for under-muscle implants, but the results may be worth it.
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Children with hearing loss do not have to lose the ability to communicate. Speech therapy can be an effective tool in helping such children. The therapy involves a combination of practices and procedures to help children learn to express themselves and even to use and care for their hearing aids or other equipment.
Environment
Children with hearing loss may wear hearing aids or other devices that amplify sound. Because of this, the environment used in speech therapy must be as quiet as possible. A hearing aid amplifies all sounds, and children with hearing loss can be easily distracted by minor noises such as the buzzing of a heater or the jingling of a noisy pair of earrings. According to speech therapist Christy Marzzacco, "By taking little steps to ensure that there aren't any auditory distractions, it can help a child focus during any kind of therapy."
Speech therapy generally takes place in school or in the child's home, depending on the type of therapy a child receives and the frequency of therapy.
Equipment
Speech therapy can involve helping children learn to use their equipment properly. Young children may be unfamiliar with how a hearing aid functions or may not notice if a piece of equipment stops working well. Speech therapists can help young children learn to use their hearing aids and other auditory processing devices; in doing so, they help children learn to help themselves.
The therapist also works with the parents of the hearing disabled child to help him learn use the equipment and care for it properly. Parents sometimes do not fully understand how the equipment works, or they may feel overwhelmed by all of the accompanying information. A speech therapist can help the parents use the equipment in their own homes and at their own pace.
Therapeutic Techniques
The speech therapist generally will begin a therapeutic program by evaluating the child's current communicative skills. She will perform a series of tests, both medical and task-based, to determine how well the child is able to communicate when therapy begins. The therapist, child and parents can determine a course of action, tailored to the individual child.
Therapy might involve playing games to help a child build skills, counseling to help a child understand communicate more effectively or practice sessions during which the child builds up her communication skills.
Tags: children learn, aids other, hearing aids, hearing aids other, help child, speech therapist, children learn their
Gender identity refers to an individual's sexual self-identity (as a man or a woman) and is not based on physical sex. The majority of people have a gender identity that matches their sex; most men consider themselves male and most women think of themselves as female. However, since cases where someone's gender identity and physical sex oppose the mainstream, there is a possibility for discrimination.
Gender Expression
Gender expression is interpretation of male or female traits, generally accepted by society. Gender expression and gender identity are not necessarily the same; for example, a male may consider himself male, but then perceive himself as feminine.
Transgender
People who were transgender do not conform to the cultural norms of society. Typically, transgender people are considered those who are undergoing a sex change operation, but the term actually includes: cross-dressers, transvestites, feminine men and masculine women, or people who may be perceived as androgynous (sex-less). Transgendered people are more likely to encounter discrimination.
Examples of Discrimination
Some examples of discrimination based on gender identity include employees who were fired after disclosing intentions of having a sex change operation, transgendered people who are sanctioned for wearing clothing compatible with their gender identity and denial of public accessibility (such as restaurants, stores or schools) based on appearance.
Sexual Orientation
Discrimination based on gender identity is considered different from that based on sexual orientation. Sexual orientation refers to an individual's sexual preference (gay, straight or bisexual); discrimination based on sexual orientation is illegal in most states. Gender identity is exclusive of sexual orientation (many transgendered people are attracted to the opposite sex); this excludes gender identity discrimination from the protection based on sexual orientation.
The Burden of Proof
Discrimination based on gender identity is difficult to prove but not impossible. Many states now prohibit discrimination based on gender identity; those suspecting discrimination based on gender identity should consult with an attorney to determine the validity of their complaint.
Tags: based gender, based gender identity, gender identity, sexual orientation, based sexual, based sexual orientation
operate X-ray equipment, along with other technologies.
Radiology technicians, also known as X-ray technicians, take images of the human body using controlled radiation. The technician gives the images to a radiologist, who reads them and presents the findings to physicians and other staff members. Radiology technicians free up the time of radiologists and physicians, so they can concentrate on diagnosing patients. Radiology technicians are not limited to working with X-rays; they also work with mammography equipment, computed tomography (CT) scans and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) equipment.
Function
Radiology technicians are the primary point of contact between the public and the radiology department of any facility. They help patients through the testing, comforting them, answering questions and making sure patients are comfortable and remain relaxed. Technicians utilize safe procedures for giving radiological tests to minimize patients' exposure to dangerous levels of radiation. They are also responsible for operating and maintaining the radiologic equipment. Technicians often provide summaries and written reports of the test results.
Compensation
Radiology technicians' salary varies according to geographic location, level of experience and the job setting. The average annual salary range for radiologists is between $36,918 and $63,028. According to Salary.com, the annual median salary for radiology technicians in December 2010 is $48,080. The website Technician Salaries quotes the American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT) claiming that the average annual starting salary for new technicians is $36,918, while those with certification from the American Registry of Radiological Technologists earn an average of $56,378 a year with only a high school diploma. Certified technicians with a bachelor's degree earn an average of $63,028 a year.
Work Environment
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, around 61 percent of all radiologist technicians work in hospitals. The rest work in diagnostic imaging centers, outpatient care facilities, medical and diagnostic laboratories and physician's offices. The majority works a traditional 40-hour workweek, but those in hospitals may work on weekends, evenings or on an on-call basis. They are on their feet for extended period, physically lift and assist patients, and are regularly exposed to significant amounts of radiation, so the job can be physically demanding. Technicians do wear equipment to shield them from the bulk of radiation and their bodily radiation levels are routinely checked.
Qualifications/Education
Radiology technologists must have a high school diploma at a minimum, in addition to a certificate, associate degree or bachelor's degree as a radiology technician from a Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology-approved program. Certificate programs take around 24 months to complete, as does an associate degree program. Technicians must apply for state licensing in 38 states; individual state requirements vary. In states that do not require formal licensing, additional certification will demonstrate a candidate's ability to perform his job. The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) is a widely known and respected source for voluntary certification.
Tags: Radiology technicians, American Registry, associate degree, average annual, average year, bachelor degree, earn average
Scheduling lawn treatments is essential to maintaining a beautiful lawn.
Taking care of your lawn requires special attention and lawn treatments at certain times throughout the year. There are a variety of treatments that need to be done sporadically depending on the climate and condition of your soil and can include fertilizing treatments, watering your lawn, adding compost and mowing your lawn. Although the exact timing of each treatment depends on the condition of your lawn, there are general guidelines to use when scheduling lawn treatments. Does this Spark an idea?
Instructions
1. Set up fertilizer treatments for the spring and the fall. Fertilizer should be applied in the spring as soon as the grass gets long enough to mow and in the fall as the last fertilizer treatment. If your lawn is nitrogen-deficient, use a winterizing organic fertilizer.
2. Apply pre-emergent weed control three weeks after seeding. Most grass varieties aside from Bluegrass should be seeded between late April and the end of May. Bluegrass varieties should be seeded between the beginning and middle of May.
3. Overseed thin spots in the spring that were missed the previous fall. Also in the spring, apply top-dressing to the growing turf's surface. The top-dressing should be a 1/4-inch to 1/2-inch thin layer of compost or soil.
4. Schedule mowing to be completed in the spring and remove only one-third of the height of the lawn. Additional mowing can be done throughout the summer as long as the total height of the lawn does not get below 2 inches.
5. Schedule monthly applications of lawn conditioner in the summer to give grass roots the nutrients and moisture they need to survive the hot and dry conditions during this season.
6. Schedule water and irrigation treatments depending on the natural weather conditions. For instance, a lawn needs at least 1 inch of water each week, but if nature provides this water through rain, you do not need to water your lawn. During the times when you do need to irrigate the lawn, schedule this between 6:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m. as this will reduce disease.
7. Set reseeding to the early fall if you plan to reseed at all. This is also the time to test your soil for acidity and basic fertility levels. Once the nutrient level has been tested, add lime, sulfur or the needed nutrients to the soil in the fall. Fall is also the time when you need to schedule aeration.
Tags: your lawn, lawn treatments, also time, condition your, height lawn
If a breast lump is an inch or less across, the entire lump is usually removed during an excisional biopsy.
Mammograms can detect breast abnormalities, but only a can biopsy determine whether it is malignant (cancerous) or benign. A biopsy removes suspected tissue. A pathologist examines the tissue microscopically to determine whether it is cancerous.
Types
Complications include pain, internal scar tissue formation, external scarring and infection. Scar tissue formation can cause problems with interpretation of future mammograms, according to MedicineNet.com.
Considerations
Doctors consider the size of the tumor, its location within the breast and characteristics of the mass in deciding whether to recommend an excisional biopsy.
Benefits
Excisional breast biopsies offer nearly 100 percent accurate diagnoses, according to Imaginis.com.
Misconceptions
Just because a doctor orders an excisional biopsy does not mean a person has cancer. Only 20 percent of biopsies are cancer, according to the American Cancer Society.
Prevention/Solution
Patients taking blood-thinners or aspirin should stop taking the medication before surgery to prevent abnormal bleeding, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Radiologists are physicians who specialize in diagnostic imaging.
A radiologist is a physician who specializes in radiology. These professionals use their expertise to interpret radiological images for patients. Like other physicians, the radiology specialty requires a four-year degree followed by acceptance into medical school, which is an additional four years of education, then three to eight years of internships and residency. Salary can vary for this occupation depending on a variety of factors.
Average
The salary for this ocucpation can vary depending on subspecialty, geography, employer type and years of experience. Radiologists may be self-employed with their own office or work for a variety of health care providers. In October 2010, Payscale listed an average total salary ranging from $43,269 to $196,104 per year.
Other Compensation
Employers may offer other types of compensation for a radiologist. Average bonuses ranged from $1,019 to $10,174 per year and average profit sharing ranged from $193.55 to $5,028 per year. For those who made commissions, the average ranged between $42 and $1,024 per year.
Industries/Employer Types
Radiologists can work in profit and non-profit organizations including hospitals, medical service providers, general medical offices and radiology service providers. The highest wages were reported in radiology service providers, ranging from $47,750 to $170,869 per year.
Experience
Payscale reported the majority of these professionals--61 percent--having between one and four years of experience. Average salaries ranged from $41,090 and $149,408 per year for this experience. For those with 10 to 19 years of experience, average salaries ranged from $103,225 and $331,402 per year.
Geography
Radiologists can be found in almost every major city in the country. Salary can vary for each location based on the amount of employers in the area, the amount of available radiologists and the cost of living. The highest salaries were reported in Kansas City, Missouri ranging from $229,281 to $344,496 per year. New York City, New York was reported being the most popular city for this job, with salaries ranging from $65,547 to $309,947 per year.
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Lidoderm is a local anesthetic that is used to treat minor skin irritations. It has an numbing quality that can soothe a sunburn, insect bites, poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, minor cuts and scratches, hemorrhoids and burns. It reduces the amount of pain information being sent to the brain by the damaged nerve endings. Always consult your physician before the use of this or other medications.
Formulations
Lidoderm is available in many different formulations. The patch and cream are the two most common methods of application. It is vitally important to follow the manufacturer's and doctor's recommendations for the administration of this product. An overdose can occur if too much of the product is absorbed into the bloodstream.
Overdose Symptoms
Overdose symptoms include irregular heartbeats, seizures or convulsions, reduced respiratory rate, coma or even death through complete respiratory failure. Skin that has been damaged has a tendency to absorb more medication than skin that is healthy and in its normal state.
Other Factors
The use of bandages, plastic wrap or heat can also affect the absorption rate and should not be used unless expressly directed by a physician. It is important to use the most minimal amount of product necessary to alleviate the pain.
Do Not Use This Product if ...
You should not use Lidoderm if you are allergic to numbing agents, or if you have any type of damage on your skin such as sores, scratches or swollen areas. You should also not use this product if you have liver disease.
Pregnant or Breastfeeding?
Currently, the FDA has predicted that Lidoderm is safe for use in pregnant women. A variation of Lidoderm, Lidocaine should not be used if pregnant or lactating.
Tags: Lidoderm Used, poison poison, should used, this product, What Lidoderm, What Lidoderm Used
All warts are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) and can be spread from one person to another or from one part of the body to another. Common warts are harmless, do not cause pain and often fade away in 2 years. Plantar warts that appear on the sole of the foot do cause pain, as the wart is pushed into the foot when walking; other types of warts are flat and grow in large numbers, with as many as 100 warts in a cluster. Dermatological wart removal procedures speed the healing process and effectively eliminate unsightly growths.
The Facts
Warts are small, noncancerous skin growths that are the result of a viral infection of the top skin. These growth often disappear on their own, but can be embarrassing to the person who has them. Consult a dermatologist for warts that linger, reoccur or present pain; several wart removal procedures are available, including medication, cryotherapy, electrocautery and laser treatment.
Medication
Prescription medications tp combat the wart-causing virus are available from a dermatologist. Topical medications are also effective in removing warts and include salicylic acid gel and cantharidin. Immunotherapy may also be suggested as treatment; in one such procedure, patients are made allergic to a chemical that the dermatologist then uses to paint the wart and cause an allergic reaction around the affected area of skin, which leads to the warts fading. Interferon can also be injected directly into warts to cause the body's immune system to reject the growth so that it disappears at a faster rate.
Cryotherapy
Cryotherapy is the preferred dermatological wart removal procedure for adults and older children. A probe containing liquid nitrogen freezes the wart and destroys its tissue. This procedure minimizes pain, bleeding and the potential for scarring, but can be an inconvenient option because the treatment may need to be repeated at weekly intervals to fully destroy the wart.
Electrocautery
An alternative to cryotherapy is electrocautery, another common treatment used in dermatology. This procedure is routinely used in the removal of unwanted tissue on the body by using a small probe with an electric current to burn away the wart. Electrocautery reduces the risk of bleeding during wart removal.
Laser Therapy
Warts that are resistant to other removal treatments may require laser therapy; this procedure uses a laser to burn away the wart, vaporizing its tissue. The dermatologist will apply or inject a local anesthetic to reduce and control pain before beginning the procedure. Laser therapy is an expensive wart removal treatment.
Friendship can offer prisoners a window to the world outside.
As of December 2009, there were over 113,000 women incarcerated in state and federal prisons in the United States--women of all races, ages and personality types. Incarceration has different effects on different individuals. One thing that is known is that strong ties to the outside community increase a prisoner's chances of serving her time peacefully and productively and succeeding in finding a better life after release.
Instructions
1. Browse websites that offer prison penpal ads until you find an inmate or inmates with whom you think you might enjoy corresponding. Some websites charge a fee for providing an inmate's address, but others do not. Most do not guarantee the accuracy of the information the inmates have provided about themselves. The penpal websites vary from the blatantly exploitative to the compassionate and intelligent. Find a website with which you are comfortable.
2. Verify basic information. Once you have an inmate's name, you can usually locate more information, including the nature of her charges and expected release date, through the state department of corrections inmate locator website or the federal Bureau of Prisons website.
3. Write her a letter introducing yourself. Some people prefer to use a P.O. box for corresponding with prisoners, but many use their home addresses with no problem. Keep your first letter light and casual.
4. Send a recent photo of yourself, and maybe a couple of other everyday sights such as your dog or pretty scenery. Send crosswords and interesting newspaper articles. Just about anything can help break the monotony.
5. Check with the department of corrections or Bureau of Prisons and find out what is involved in getting on an inmate's approved phone and visiting list. This will allow you to hear her voice, albeit at inflated collect call rates, and to meet in person when the time is right.
Urinary tract infections (also called urinary infections or bladder infections) are common inflammation of urinary system, which includes the kidneys, bladder and urethra. They are caused when bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus is introduced into the urinary system, normally through the urethra. Although these infections can be painful and inconvenient, they are easily treatable if you can recognize the signs.
Staphylococcus Aureus
Staphylococcus Aureus (often abbreviated to just staph) is a type of bacteria that can cause many types of infections. Its name comes from the Greek for bunch of grapes and berry, because these bacteria look like clusters of grapes when viewed under a microscope. Unlike the leading cause of urinary tract infections, E. coli, staph is not normally found in a healthy human body. It causes a number of diseases, ranging from food poisoning or endocarditis. Although staph can cause urinary tract infections, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that the only 10 to 20 percent of UTIs are caused by staph.
Increase or Decrease in Urination
One of the first signs of urinary tract infection caused by staph is a change in the way you urinate. You may notice that you suddenly have the urge to urinate more frequently than before. You also may notice that when you go the bathroom, little or no urine comes out. This can occur because the staph bacteria in your bladder are irritating the nerve ending. The nerves give false signals to the brain that your bladder is full.
Dysuria
One of the most disturbing symptoms of a staph urinary tract infections is dysuria, or blood in your urine. However, this is a common symptom of many urinary disorders. It occurs when your kidneys' filtration system malfunctions and blood gets through along with the waste products. The blood is then mixed with the urine and sent out through the urethra.
Changes in Urine
Blood in the urine is not the only change in your urine that can mean you have a staph urinary tract infections. Urine normally has a distinctive smell, but it may suddenly smell more pungent than usual. Your urine may also appear darker than it normally is. Cloudy urine is another sign of a staph-caused urinary tract infection. In some cases, the staph bacteria irritate the urethra so much that you feel a significant burning sensation when you urinate.
Lower Body Pain
Staph urinary tract infections can be painful. Depending on the parts of your urinary system that are inflamed by the staph bacteria, you may feel cramping, burning or pain in your vulva, pelvis or lower back. Pain in your vulva is from an inflamed urethra, while the symptoms in your pelvis are caused by an inflamed bladder. If you feel pain in your lower back, this can mean the bacteria have traveled to your kidneys, a sign that your infection has worsened.
Tags: urinary tract, tract infections, urinary tract infections, staph bacteria, urinary system, cause urinary, cause urinary tract
Medicare and Medicaid help Americans get the medical care they need.
While some people assume that Medicare and Medicaid are the same program, they are actually very different. Medicare is federally funded health insurance for people over age 65, disabled or who have end-stage renal disease. Medicaid, on the other hand, refers to health care coverage for low-income Americans and is administered by individual states. Medicaid recipients must fall within the low-income guidelines established by the federal government or have certain qualifying family members. In some cases, low-income senior citizens qualify for both Medicare and Medicaid.
Instructions
Qualifying for Medicare
1. After turning 65, most Americans automatically qualify for Medicare if they worked for at least 10 years in Medicare-eligible employment.
2. Collect Social Security or Railroad Retirement Board disability benefits for at least 24 months. If you receive these benefits, you may be eligible for Medicare even if you are not age 65.
3. Qualify for Medicare with a diagnosis of end-stage renal disease, which is any kidney condition that requires a kidney transplant or dialysis. You can receive Medicare benefits at any age if you have this condition.
Qualifying for Medicaid
4. Meet the residency requirements for your state. In most states, you must be a U.S. citizen or legal immigrant and a resident of the state to qualify.
5. Satisfy the income requirements for the appropriate Medicaid program. Depending on your household size and makeup, you may qualify for Medicaid if your household income is equal to or less than 100 to 200 percent of the federal poverty guidelines. Your income requirements vary depending on whether there are infants, children or disabled persons living in your household.
6. Meet the asset guidelines if required by your state. Some states take your assets, such as property, bank accounts, stocks and retirement plans into account when determining your eligibility for Medicaid.
Tags: Medicare Medicaid, your household, end-stage renal, end-stage renal disease, income requirements, renal disease, your state
Radiographers, also known as radiologic technicians, use X-ray imaging to assist with the diagnosis of medical issues. They perform a variety of duties including preparing patients for X-rays, performing imaging examinations and maintaining patient files and equipment. Radiographers must complete training to correctly and safely use X-ray imaging tools.
Education and Training
Community colleges throughout the country offer certificate and associate degree radiography or radiology programs. Although some four-year colleges offer bachelor degrees in the field, most radiographers pursue an associate degree. Students usually complete the requirements for an associate degree in about two years. The Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT) accredits radiography programs, which involve both classroom and hands-on clinical training. Students should expect to take courses in anatomy, biology, physics, radiographic imaging, pathology and medical terminology.
Licensure and Certification
Radiographers must be licensed in most states, but each state's licensing board determines what the eligibility requirements are. In addition to licensure, radiographers can earn additional certification through the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT). Radiographers must meet certain ethical and educational guidelines to qualify for the ARRT's certification exam. For example, they must report any misdemeanor or felony convictions, and any violations of their college's honor code. Radiographers qualify to sit for the ARRT exam if they have completed an accredited radiography program.
Career Advancement
Radiographers can expand their career options by training in other imaging methods. The ARRT offers post-primary certification in several of these specializations. ARRT-certified radiographers can take additional exams in areas such as mammography, sonography and computerized tomography. Experienced radiographers can be promoted to the level of supervisor. They can also eventually reach the level of radiology department director, although this position may require graduate study in the field. Others choose to become instructors in related college programs.
Halloween is not just reserved for children; many adults enjoy the fun of dressing in costume for the holiday. While there are a number of adult-sized costumes available in the shops, the selection is limited. Costumes can be made easily enough at home, many taking less than a day to put together. These costumes can be funny, scary, mysterious, or just downright odd. Whatever you can think of, you can be. Look for inspiration all around you.
Instructions
1. Decide on the concept for the costume. For instance, you could be a box of cereal and a friend could be a murderer, holding a fake knife and splashing their clothes with fake blood (ketchup or costume makeup). Together you could be a cereal killer. Get a plain cardboard box and paint it like a favorite cereal, cutting holes for the arms and head. This is also an idea that can be done by one person, where they are both the box of cereal and the killer by combining the two costumes. Another alternative is to be a highway. Wear black sweats, paint on yellow stripes and glue cars to the "road."
2. Make a list of necessary items to create the costume. More than likely, some you may already have at home, while others will need to be purchased. If you are going to be a zombie-fied mummy, you would need either lots of bandages or an old sheet that could be ripped into strips. The bandages are available at drug and discount stores, while the sheet could be purchased from a thrift store. To make it scarier, get some black makeup to put around the eyes and lips.
3. Try the costume on before you have to actually wear it. Include any makeup in this dress rehearsal, as this will let you know how much time you will need to get ready. This is also the time to find out if any alterations or adjustments need to be made so that things fit properly. Practice with the makeup, especially if you are making open wounds, or other intricate designs. Get feedback from friends and family to see if there is anything they could suggest to improve the costume.
4. Sew rows of tulle on a skirt to make it look like a ballerina's tutu. Add tights, flat shoes, and slick hair back into a bun.
Tags: cereal killer, could cereal, This also, will need
A scintigraphy or gamma camera is any camera used for the purposes of scinigraphy, the process of examining a human body to create a visual representation of radioisotopes that are emitting gamma radiation. Scinigraphy cameras have a number of applications is medical science.
Process
In the scinigraphy process, the patient is injected with a small amount of radioactive materials. Some time elapses, and the scintigraphy camera moves along the patient's body, taking several images of the focus area.
Light Capture
The scinigraphy camera has a head containing flat planes of large crystal sodium iodide. When a gamma photon hits the crystal plane, it emits visible light.
Signal Conversion
Photomultipliers in the camera pick up this visible light and convert the light occurrences into electrical signals, which are used by a connected computer to make an image. The placement and brightness of light in the final image can be used to detect where the gamma radiation is in the patient's body.
Function
Scintigraphy can be used for specific medical tests, such as a thyroid scintigraphy used to observe vital information about the thyroid gland or thrombocythaemia tests to review a person's spleen. They can examine the performance of a recently implanted artificial body part such as the heart.
Any changes in your breasts should be cause for concern. This is particularly true when you notice a thickening of your breast tissue. While some causes of breast thickening are benign and not a cause for concern, these changes are also linked to some types of cancer. If you notice thickening of your breast tissue, seek medical advice.
Fibrocystic Changes
Shifts in hormonal levels in some women lead to symptoms known as fibrocystic changes. Fibrocystic changes can cause small benign lumps, tenderness and breast thickening. This may affect either one or both breasts. This is the most common cause of breast thickening in women between the ages of 35 and 50, according to WebMD. Symptoms are generally most acute in the days leading up to a woman's menstrual cycle but tend to decrease after it is over. This condition generally requires no treatment, but should be monitored.
Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is certainly the most serious condition associated with breast thickening. If you notice sensations of heaviness or swelling in your breast or under your armpit that persists after the conclusion of your period, seek medical attention as soon as possible. Inflammatory breast disease is a very rare, aggressive form of cancer that can spread quickly in the body. Other symptoms of IBC include breast tenderness, nipple inversion and changes in skin appearance, according to the National Cancer Institute.
Fibroadenomas
A fibroadenoma is a common type of benign breast tumor that occurs most frequently in African-American women and in women between the ages of 20 and 30. They have a solid, rubbery feel and move freely. Fibroadenomas can be as small as 1 cm to as large as 5 cm. It is easy to mistake fibroadenoma as a thickening of the breast if you do not perform regular self-exams. To distinguish between the two, perform a self-exam and use your fingers to probe for the borders of lumps. Fibroadenomas are generally painless and require no treatment.
Lobular Breast Cancer
Lobular breast cancer is difficult to catch because it causes very few symptoms. Lumps or tumors are almost never present in patients with this illness. In fact, breast thickening is the primary symptom of this type of breast cancer, according to MayoClinic.com. Women who are postmenopausal are the most likely to get lobular breast cancer and should therefore be particularly aware of breast thickening.
Tags: breast thickening, your breast, between ages, breast cancer, breast cancer, breast thickening, breast tissue
Genital warts are caused by infection from several strains of the human papilloma virus, which is transmitted through sexual contact. Certain strains have been known to cause cervical cancer in women. The FDA has approved many different treatments, some to treat the symptoms of infection, and one vaccine, known under the trade name Gardasil.
Treatment
There is no cure for HPV once infected, and the only treatment is relatively cosmetic in nature. No treatment has been able to prevent the future eruption of warts. This includes preventive measures, various types of creams or solutions intended for the removal of warts, and doctor-administered treatments.
It is important to avoid touching, scratching or having contact with warts, as they are pathogenic and can actively spread HPV via direct contact. Patients with warts present should abstain from sex to prevent transmission of the disease to their partner.
There are several creams and solutions available that help destroy warts, although they do not prevent warts from recurring in the area of application. These include trichloroacetic acid, Condylox, Podofin, Efudex and Aldara. All have minor side effects, which include minor skin irritation or localized pain. If none of these are effective, Alferon N may be used as a direct injection into the wart, although it has many side effects.
At the doctor's office, there are several different methods of wart removal. Freezing the wart (called cryotherapy), generally through the use of liquid nitrogen, destroys it and makes removal very simple. There are very few side effects to this treatment, and it is extremely effective. Laser treatment can be used if there is a very large outbreak with numerous warts, and in some cases can necessitate anesthesia. The laser destroys the warts, but the treatment is expensive and can lead to numerous unwanted side effects, including scarring and a lengthy recovery period. Surgical removal of the warts can be performed, and requires a local numbing agent. Finally, destroying the wart with an electrical current (called electrodessication) can be performed.
It is important to restate that once infected, there is no cure for HPV-caused genital warts, and the presence of warts indicates a highly contagious condition.
Gardasil
Recently, the FDA approved Gardasil, a vaccine developed by Merck. Gardasil creates an effective immunity against four different HPV strains, two of which cause over 70 percent of all cases of cervical cancer in women, and two strains that cause over 90 percent of all genital wart infections in men and women. Gardasil uses a viral protein to trigger antibody creation in the body.
Gardasil is recommended before the recipient becomes sexually active, and is administered over six months via three separate injections. In most areas, it is not approved for use in men, but Merck is currently seeking FDA approval for that use.
Side effects of the Gardasil HPV vaccine include those that are relatively typical of adult vaccinations, including dizziness, vomiting and discomfort at the injection site. There is a chance of allergic reaction, and symptoms typically associated with allergic reactions should be evaluated by a doctor immediately. These include shock, extreme difficulty breathing, significant swelling, severe nausea and diarrhea.
Tags: cancer women, cause over, cause over percent, cervical cancer, cervical cancer women, creams solutions
A breast cancer diagnosis is possibly the most devastating news that a woman can hear. The breasts are a part of what makes a woman feel like a woman. The added thought of surgery and other cancer treatments plays with the overall psyche. Many people don't realize that pain and psychology go hand in hand. The psychological effects of breast cancer is an interrelationship of the pain and how a woman defines herself.
Depression
Physical pain does not just affect the body--it affects the mind. A woman can become depressed when dealing with the pain associated with breast cancer treatment, especially since she may no longer be able to participate in activities that she once enjoyed.
Breasts
One of the major psychological effects of breast cancer occurs when a woman anticipates whether or not she will lose her breasts. Even if they remain intact, she may wonder if she is complete after doctors have treated her, especially if she has a scar.
Hair Loss
Hair is an outward expression of a woman's personality. Many breast cancer sufferers become devastated at the thought of losing their hair.
Interpersonal Relationships
Another psychological effect of breast cancer is how the cancer patient interacts with those close to her. She may feel like a victim in the eyes of friends and family members. This feeling worsens if she is not treated with respect by others or if people avoid her. It is common for a cancer patient to feel a sense of loneliness.
Intimacy
Declined desire for intimacy is another one of the many psychological effects of breast cancer. A woman may actually have a lower libido because of the treatments, or mentally, she may shut that part of herself off because she may feel that no man would want her that way.
Tags: breast cancer, psychological effects breast, breast cancer, cancer patient, effects breast, effects breast cancer, feel like
Perimenopause is a period of time before menopause begins, when the body is preparing itself to enter menopause. It may last between three and 10 years. As the body transitions from one life stage to another, the resulting hormonal fluctuations can result in intense symptoms. Perimenopause affects most of the systems in the body, including the heart. Cardiac symptoms are a normal part of the premenopausal process.
Heart Flutters
Heart flutters are one of the first symptoms of perimenopause. The medical term is heart palpitations or arrhythmia. Heart flutters are not painful, but may make a woman feel uneasy. During perimenopause, the body's levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone fluctuate widely. As the heart tries to adjust to these changes, it flutters. The heart may skip beats or the number of beats per minute may increase. Sometimes, the number of beats can get very high, causing a feeling of panic.
Hot Flashes
Heart flutters are routinely accompanied by hot flashes. A hot flash is a feeling of intense heat and tingling over the top half of the body. Hot flashes often occur at night and cause sweating and sleeplessness. Often, heart flutters are a precursor to a hot flash and women see them as a warning that an episode is imminent. More than 75 percent of women in perimenopause experience heart flutters in conjunction with hot flashes.
Time Frame
Heart flutters due to perimenopause generally last between three to six months. As the body adjusts to hormonal changes, cardiac symptoms should lessen. Although it can be frightening to experience, heart flutters are a normal part of perimenopause and are temporary. Learning about the symptoms in your particular case can help you feel more in control over what is occurring in your body.
Prevention/Solution
Although heart flutters should decrease with time, there are steps that can help to lessen the frequency and severity of episodes. When you experience heart flutters, stop all physical activities. If possible, lie down and take slow, deep breaths, until the episode passes. Avoid stimulants such as caffeine, alcohol, and drugs containing caffeine and/or alcohol. Quitting smoking is an important way to improve heart health, especially during this time. Decreasing stress levels has been shown to be one of the most effective tools for managing heart flutters. Moderate exercise, a healthy and well balanced diet and adequate fluid intake are all relatively easy changes that can have a positive impact.
Physical Symptoms of Perimenopause
Each woman experiences perimenopausal symptoms, or the lack thereof, in her own way. The primary symptom of perimenopause is a change in the menstrual cycle. This may manifest as an increase or decrease in flow, or an increase in PMS-type symptoms. Many women find a decrease in sexual desire accompanied by vaginal dryness. There is a tendency during perimenopause to gain weight, especially around the mid-section. There may be an increase in bloating and puffiness, especially prior to the menstrual cycle.
Mental Symptoms or Perimenopause
For some women, the mental symptoms associated with premenopause can be more bothersome than the physical problems. A lack of concentration, often accompanied by forgetfulness, is a common complaint. Mood swings, irritability and increased anger levels make some women feel as if they are out of control. Depression and fatigue are often coupled together, and tend to exacerbate each other. It is important to remember that these symptoms are only temporary and should resolve as the body eases into menopause.
Cautions
Perimenopause is a normal stage in a woman's life, and the accompanying symptoms are a part of it. Consult with a health care practitioner whenever there are unexpected changes to your body. A doctor can asses your health and run routine tests on your heart. This can eliminate the possibility of other causes of heart flutters. The doctor can also recommend treatment options for your symptoms including medication, if needed.
Tags: heart flutters, experience heart, experience heart flutters, between three, caffeine alcohol, last between
Credentialing specialists assist providers with insurance and facility enrollment.
Credentialing specialists enroll providers with health plans and medical facilities nationwide, so a career as a credentialing specialist can be rewarding and challenging. These specialists maintain provider files and analyze contracts. Entry-level positions are available, but formal certification through the National Association of Medical Staff Services (NAMSS) is required to earn Certified Provider Credentialing Specialist (CPCS) credentials.
Instructions
1. Find employment in a physician office, clinic or medical facility. The NAMSS requires 12 consecutive months of experience in the medical field for certification.
2. Work as a credentialing specialist. The NAMSS requires credentialing experience for at least three of the past five years.
3. Register for the exam by mailing your application and payment to the NAMSS. Current CPCS exam fees are $300 for NAMSS members and $475 for non-members
4. Study and take a practice test. Practice tests and study guides are optional, but give you a good idea of what to expect on exam day.
5. Take the examination. There are 150 questions about the credentialing and privileging process. If you pass, you will be notified of your certification.
Tags: Credentialing specialists, NAMSS requires, providers with
The prostate gland produces higher levels of a protein called PSA in response to the presence of cancer. "Normal" PSA levels, however, can vary from person to person, while cancer patients may not show elevated PSA at all.
Definition
PSA stands for prostate-specific antigen, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Testing
Doctors recommend PSA testing for men once they reach the age of 50. The test measures PSA levels in the bloodstream. PSA levels under 4 nanograms per millileter generally indicate the absence of cancer.
Inconsistencies
No single PSA level seems to fit all patients. The National Cancer Institute mentions one study in which 65 to 75 percent of patients with high PSA levels did not have prostate cancer. If "normal" PSA varies from case to case, then doctors must watch for sudden changes in an individual's PSA level.
Other Causes
In addition to prostate cancer, natural aging or certain non-cancerous conditions can also raise PSA, according to the American Cancer Society.
Cautions
The Mayo Clinic warns that prostate cancer may exist even without an abnormal change in PSA levels. This type of cancer may in fact prove more aggressive and spread faster than other varieties.
Tags: prostate cancer, Good Levels, prostate gland, What Good, What Good Levels
MRI education provides information on MRI equipment and technology.
Medical Resonance Imaging (MRI) technicians are specialists educated in administering MRI procedures to patients. MRI technicians are also trained to assist medical doctors with formulating a diagnosis based on data from the MRI exam. Technicians must be educated to comply with safety and regulatory requirements for MRI procedures and equipment.
Preparatory Classes
Preparatory classes can be taken at the high school or college level to prepare for further educational requirements and clinical work. Suggested classes include physiology, anatomy, biology and chemistry.
Associate Degree
To become an MRI technician you will need to earn an associate degree in radiology technology. Training done in associate programs provide both coursework and clinical work in anatomy, radiation physics and policies for patient care.
Certification
After you receive your associate degree in radiology technology, you must also complete a certification program, which provides one to two years of training specific to the field of MRI procedures, equipment and technology. If you have experience as a health care provider, you may be able to complete your certification as an MRI technician without having to do the associate degree.
Licensing
Once you have completed your training, you will need a license to work as a medical radiographer. Requirements vary from state to state, and not all states require a license. For those that do, the state licensing program usually involves passing a licensing exam that covers the fundamentals of medical radiology and MRI practices. Even in states that do not require a license, many hospitals and medical practices prefer to hire licensed MRI technicians.
Skills and Knowledge
Certain skills as well as an aptitude for the subject matter will help when preparing for a career as an MRI technician. These include an knowledge of anatomy as it relates to MRI equipment and interpreting patient charts. You should be accustom to using technology and be able to make repairs and adjustments as needed. The ability to make patients feel comfortable and explain Magnetic Resonance Imaging technology in general terms is another necessary skill that MRI education and training provides.
Muscle Milk is a product line created by CytoSport. Muscle Milk is chiefly known as protein powder that can be mixed with water to create a protein shake. CytoSport offers many products in the Muscle Milk line that are designed to increase muscle mass. Overall, muscle milk is really good for you because it contains many important ingredients that help with building muscle as well as aiding digestion.
Types
Muscle Milk is best known in powder form, and CytoSport offers a regular Muscle Milk powder as well as a natural one that has no artificial flavors or sweeteners. It even has a light version of the Muscle Milk powder that contains fewer calories than the original powder. Muscle Milk can also be purchased in a ready-made protein drink. A light version of this drink is also available. Muscle Milk products also include protein bars and meal replacement shakes. In addition, there's a Muscle Milk energy drink.
Ingredients
Muscle Milk uses a combination of whey and casein protein. Protein is a necessary ingredient in building muscles. Muscle Milk has additional protein, amino acids, and peptides. Muscle Milk's formula of ingredients is very similar to a mother's breast milk. Specifically, Muscle Milk has Alpha-lactalbumin, which contains many amino acids that are essential for building muscle as well as bone, tissue and even hormones. Muscle Milk also has bovine colostrum. Colostrum is an ingredient that's formed in a woman's body one to two days after she has given birth. Colostrum flushes the body with ingredients that build the immune system like vitamins, anti-oxidants, minerals and amino acids.
Benefits
There are many benefits associated with the use of Muscle Milk products. For those who lift weights or perform strength exercises, the proteins and amino acids in the products are absorbed by muscles. This allows for faster muscle repair. These products may also be beneficial for weight loss and control. Protein is very filling, so these products will definitely reduce appetites. Also, the mother's milk formula may provide additional immunity benefits.
Considerations
It's important to know that the normal Muscle Milk powder has 18 grams of fat, 348 calories and 12 carbohydrates in one serving (2 scoops). This product is specially formulated for someone who is especially active and lifts weights. If you are not active or do no resistance training, then you will definitely gain weight as a result of using this product. If you decide to use Muscle Milk, choose the product based on how active your lifestyle will be. If you are not extremely active, then you should use Muscle Milk Light products to avoid unwanted weight gain.
Misconceptions
No protein shake, powder or formula will automatically cause muscle gain. Protein is an essential ingredient in the building and repairing of muscles. However, protein will not build muscle if you don't train muscles. It's best to drink protein shakes or use Muscle Milk in conjunction with a strength training regimen.
Tags: Muscle Milk, Muscle Milk, amino acids, Milk powder, Muscle Milk powder, building muscle, building muscle well
Using transparencies with an overhead projector is an effective way to get your point across or use visual aids in a presentation, training course or meeting. Transparencies allow you to project an image onto a screen, then alter it as needed with erasable markers. Transparencies help you get your point across by posting a larger image so everyone in the room can view it.
Instructions
1. Use your transparencies for business applications. They're great for your next meeting; you can print on them just like paper and have interesting and graphic visual aids to keep everyone's attention. Charts, pitches and advertising ideas can be printed onto transparencies and projected in large scale on a wall.
2. Try using transparencies for your next big presentation. Whether at school or at work, you can print your presentation onto transparencies so that your audience can follow along. Motivational speakers can also use them in their presentations to reiterate points and philosophies.
3. Teach a class using transparencies. Because transparencies are washable, you can write on them with markers. They're great for showing key points that students should take notes on, or even showing mathematical equations step by step. And unlike a chalkboard, you can re-use your printed equations again and again.
4. Scrapbook with transparencies. Using transparencies is a hot way to embellish your pages; you can make custom overlays for your pages. Overlay a journaling block on top of a black and white photo for a whimsical effect. Use transparencies to make fun titles that go with any type of page.
Tags: onto transparencies, point across, They great, visual aids, your next, your pages, your point
The number of uninsured Americans has been growing steadily due to factors such as the slumping economy, poverty, job loss, failure of employers to offer health coverage and inability to pay for the rising cost of health insurance. These challenges limit access to quality health care and put the uninsured and their families at risk for disease and illness. Despite these obstacles, there are some options that may be available to the uninsured.
Instructions
1. Seek medical attention at a community medical clinic. These are usually sponsored by your local Department of Health and staffed by medical professionals. Payment can range from free to $50, depending on income and ability to pay. Expect to sit for long hours before you see a doctor, and call your county's Department of Health to find out which clinics are available in your area.
2. Go to a hospital emergency room. Most of them are required to treat individuals no matter what their economic status is or if they don't have health insurance. Once you receive a bill for your treatment, speak with the billing or accounts department of the hospital, and explain your financial situation. Most hospitals will work with you on setting up a payment plan that is feasible for you. If you fall behind in making payments, your debt to the hospital may be turned over to a collections agency, or a judgment may be brought against you.
3. Consider applying to go to a college or university clinic. Students studying medicine who work in these clinics need patients in order to gain experience. Look online at the United States Medical Schools website, http://biomed.uaa.alaska.edu/usa_medical_school_list.html. It lists medical schools in the United States and website information, where you can find contact information for medical clinics.
4. Think about employing the use of alternative health care treatments. While you will have to pay out-of-pocket for expenses, many treatments offered by holistic practitioners, such as acupuncturists, naturopaths, homeopaths, Ayurvedic practitioners and the like, provide treatments for mild to more serious conditions at a much lower cost than conventional health care providers. Go to www.talkinternational.com/directories/health-services-directory.html for the Holistic Doctors-Alternative Health Care Provider Directory for the names and locations of holistic practitioners who are closest to you.
5. Get help from the Veteran's Administration. This option is available to honorably-discharged, as well as active-duty individuals who have served in a branch of the United States military. The VA provides doctors, diagnostic tests, treatments and prescription medications at no or discounted costs, depending upon your level of eligibility. Call (800) 827-1000 for more information.
Tags: health care, United States, Department Health, health insurance, holistic practitioners
Make a soy bean patty to help fight high cholesterol.
Cooks use soy in many different dishes, and according to the American Institute for Cancer Research, soy may help in lowering the "bad" LDL cholesterol. Other benefits linked to soy include reduction of menopause symptoms, reducing the risk of hormone-related cancer and increasing bone mineral in women with osteoporosis, according to the University of Maryland. Increasing daily intake of soy does not have to be difficult. Many recipes are available to help integrate this bean into virtually any lifestyle. Add this to my Recipe Box.
Instructions
1. Place beans and vegetable broth in a large saucepan, and bring to a boil.
2. Boil for two hours, remove from heat and soak beans overnight. This will soften the beans to the right consistency for preparing patties. Prepare more beans than needed to place in the freezer for use with other meals.
3. Grind or mash soaked beans. Ensure there are no large lumps of bean.
4. Move beans into a large mixing bowl. Add egg, rice and tomato puree; mix well with a large spoon.
5. Continue mixing in onion, savorex, salt and bread crumbs until well blended.
6. Grease baking sheet with olive oil. Preheat oven to 375 degrees.
7. Form 4-inch patties by hand and place on baking sheet.
8. Bake patties for 30 minutes.
9. Remove patties from oven and place on a serving plate. Allow patties to cool for 5 minutes before serving.
Shortly after childbirth, many women experience breast pain and swelling (engorgement). The breasts also can become hard and sensitive. These conditions typically subside after your body becomes accustomed to breastfeeding and you've established a feeding pattern. If bottle feeding, these symptoms will disappear once the body stops producing milk.
Instructions
1. Wear a supportive bra, such as a sports bra, 24 hours a day. This will help prevent your nipples from being stimulated by rubbing against the material.
2. Shower with your back to the water flow. Warm water can stimulate nipples, causing more milk production.
3. Apply ice packs or cold compresses to your breasts to decrease the swelling. These can be placed directly into the supportive bra to keep your hands free.
4. Feed your baby frequently (if breastfeeding) to help extract some of the excess milk. You can also use a breast pump to achieve the same results. If you are not breastfeeding, you do not want to express the milk, this will only send a message to your body to keep producing breast milk, which you don't want.
5. Place cold cabbage leaves inside your bra. This will help reduce swelling and somehow aids in reducing milk production.
6. Take acetaminophen, ibuprofen or other pain medications that may have been prescribed by your doctor. These medications are safe to take even if you are breastfeeding, as long as they are taken in moderation according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Tags: Breast Soreness, Breast Soreness After, milk production, Relieve Breast, Relieve Breast Soreness, Soreness After
Loans at the local level can help alleviate poverty.
Over 3 billion people live in poverty around the world. According to Unicef, 25,000 children die each day from poverty-related causes. One suggested method of alleviating poverty is through small and local financial loans, known as microfinance.
Features
Poverty describes the economic condition of people's inability to afford basic human needs, such as clean water, food and shelter. All eight of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals, expected to be met by 2015, deal with poverty reduction, directly and indirectly.
Promote Gender Equality
Loans accessible to all members of a community empower women, who normally have the most significant impact on a child's upbringing. When women and men have equal opportunities, poverty rates decline faster and economic development accelerates.
Development
Access to loans promotes employment and trade. Microfinancing a small business can develop self-worth and responsibility among the local entrepreneurs. And businesses started by locals are more likely to become self-sustaining and enduring.
Inclusion for All
Loans allow for the inclusion of people with disabilities as well as elders, who otherwise might be seen as unproductive members of a community.
Spread Education
Microfinance not only teaches loan recipients mathematical skills, but the process also shows the role in development played by the individual and community. Accessibility to loans increases the chances for people in poverty to afford and attend school.
You work out to improve your health, but when step on the scale, your weight has increased. That could be frustrating, but understanding the short-term and long-term reasons for exercise-related weight gain will put those numbers into perspective.
Just After Exercise
Staying hydrated during your workout improves performance and exercise capacity. But every drop of water has weight, so if you hop on the scale immediately after completing a workout, you may find you have gained 1 or 2 pounds.
The Next Day
Exercise-related water weight gain may show up the next day if you didn't drink enough water during your workout. Thirsty cells in your body can overcompensate by holding onto water from the foods and drinks you consume throughout the rest of the day. You may experience as much as a 3-pound gain from this effect.
More Food
If the numbers on the scale have gone up slowly over a period of two or more weeks, you could be eating more to compensate for the exercise you are doing.
More Muscle
As you get stronger, you may also experience an increase in your muscle mass. You'll know this is happening if the numbers on the scale go up, but your clothing fits better.
Perspective: Nutrition
Attention to your food intake improves the likelihood of reaching your weight goals, so be certain to track the quantity and quality of what you eat. Since working out can only burn on average seven calories per minute, it's easy to consume more than you lose through exercise.
Perspective: The Scale
Smart use of the scale can improve your chances of long-term weight management. To maximize accuracy, weigh yourself at the same time each day wearing the same amount of clothing. Day-to-day fluctuations are normal, so pay closer attention to the weekly trends in your weight.
Tags: weight gain, your weight, during your, during your workout, improve your, numbers scale, scale your
Connect the supplied power cable directly to the vehicle's battery to avoid voltage drops.
The Yaesu FT-8900R quad-band ham radio outputs 50 watts on the 29/50/144 MHz Amateur bands, and 35 watts on the 430 MHz band. Cross-band repeat, dual receive and numerous memory channels are all included. Features include a remote-head mounting system in which you can separate the head from the body to ease mounting in compact vehicles. Problems with the 8900 can be related to the installation and operation including connections, power levels and controls.
Instructions
1. Provide adequate ventilation around the body unit if the radio becomes excessively hot, or cuts out. Some long transmissions at 50 watts will create significant heat. Move the body away from heater ducts and other after-market electronics like an amplifier that also creates heat. Don't place shopping bags, clothing or other objects on the radio body. Avoid using the radio in environments where the ambient temperature reaches 140 degrees F. or more.
2. Use high-quality coaxial cable between the Yaesu FT-8900 and the antenna if transmission quality is poor. Remember that a 25-foot-long cable with .50dB of loss at 29 MHz will have 6dB or more of loss at 446 MHz.
3. Connect the supplied power cable directly to the vehicle's battery to avoid voltage drops that can cause transmission problems. The included cable has a 15 amp fast-blow fuse fitted in-line, so you don't need to worry about surges. Red should connect to the positive and black to the negative on the battery. Use color-coded No. 12 AWG wire if you need to extend the included cable.
4. Check the rear connections if you continue to have problems. The antenna should be tightly screwed onto the antenna jack, labeled "Antenna," external speakers plug into "Ext Sp" and the six-pin mini-DIN connector is an interface for a packet node controller labeled "Data."
Certified nursing assistants are integral to the workings of health care facilities and hospitals. Certified nursing assistant courses are offered throughout America, including in Atlanta, Georgia. Through several weeks of study, CNAs are able to perform a variety of tasks to aid nurses and doctors, but are unable to do major tasks due to liability. By taking a CNA course, individuals can further their health care careers in a few weeks.
Covenant CNA School
As a state-approved nursing assistant program, Covenant CNA School has students from more than 55 countries, and lies only a nine-minute drive north of downtown Atlanta. The school offers classes at different times during the morning, day and night in order to accommodate students who have other jobs or schooling. Pre-nursing students can also take the course in order to learn about the nursing trade or provide for themselves before entering into nursing programs. Admission is open to students age 18 and older.
Murray Career Institute
Murray Career Institute offers 13 classes towards completing a degree in certified nursing assistance. Classes start throughout the year and run until the exams for the state recognition of CNA, through the State Certification Exam for Georgia. With affordable classes and a short program, a CNA certificate can be achieved within several weeks in the Murray Career Institute, located in the heart of downtown Atlanta.
Faks Allied Health Education Center
By offering a variety of health care assistant programs, such as pharmacy tech, EKG, and medical billing certificates, FAKS Allied Health Education Center provides training so that individuals can be certified to work in the health care field as quickly as possible. The nursing assistant program at the center stresses patient care by teaching about communication with patients and family, as well as residents' rights. The program prepares graduates to take the certification testing so they are able to work in the state of Georgia. The school is located 20 minutes south of downtown Atlanta.
West Georgia Technical College
With training in six to 12 weeks, West Georgia Tech provides CNA training leading to certification. Located an hour west of Atlanta, the technical institute provides a patient care program which includes the CNA course and prepares those who take the classes for the Patient Care Technician certification. With a mission of "[leading] economic and workforce development by offering students... learning opportunities through quality technical education programs," the college is a prime place to begin a nursing assistant career.
Tags: health care, nursing assistant, Career Institute, downtown Atlanta, Murray Career, Murray Career Institute
CT scans are a type of medical image that are commonly used to assess the structure and anatomy of soft tissue. This is in stark contrast to X-rays, which are much better at visualizing harder tissues such as bones. CT scans are commonly performed if the chest has been injured, if a tumor is suspected, or to look for bleeding or the accumulation of other fluids.
Instructions
1. Determine the plane of the scan. CT scans are either viewed as a cross-section (from the perspective of a person standing up, this would be horizontally), saggitally (profile from top to bottom) or coronally (top to bottom but from the front). Most chest CT scans are done as a cross-section, and this will be noted at the top of the image.
2. Identify major structures. In general, with a chest CT scan you will first look for the lungs and the heart as well as large blood vessels (the aortic artery or the vena cava veins).
3. Identify the location of the scan. You can usually do this by looking at the heart. Images that are done higher up will include the atria, which are chambers with thinner walls. The ventricles, which are lower, will have thicker walls. Also look for the appearance of blood vessels to help orient where you are in the chest.
4. Look for abnormalities. An anatomy textbook may be useful here. CT scans are best for identifying the margins of different tissues, so you will want to look for bulges in the lungs or heart as well as any irregularities in the blood vessels.
5. Look at multiple images. Most CT scans involve taking multiple images, so if you see something that looks like an abnormality, look to see if it is visible on other scans to make sure that it is not just an error on the scan.
DNA testing is a controversial technology. It has been used as conclusive evidence in countless court cases. It has liberated many incarcerated criminals and convicted many more. It has identified fathers, mothers and siblings. It is highly sensitive and tamper-proof. As DNA exists throughout the body, any tissue can be analyzed.
On the other hand, there are downsides to DNA testing, including civil liberty infringements resulting from individuals who are analyzed without agreeing to testing and the storage of DNA profiles on innocent people. Also, although DNA is extremely accurate, there is concern that trace amounts of DNA in a crime scene can falsely implicate an innocent person.
The largest concern about DNA testing, however, appears to be about the future. The possibility for parents to genetically modify their children or for insurance companies to use DNA profiles to discriminate against people with certain character traits is very frightening to many.
Forensic Tool
DNA is the most precise and technologically advanced method of identifying criminals and victims. It has replaced fingerprinting as the most accurate method of identification.
While it can take several weeks before results of a DNA tests are available, in most cases, conclusive results are within millionths of a percent of being 100 percent accurate.
In cases where victims are unidentified, a match of DNA can give the victim an identity. More commonly, however, it is used to pinpoint criminals such as rapists and murderers who leave DNA evidence at the scene of a crime.
Paternity & Family Issues
DNA testing can effectively determine the identity of a child's father. By testing the mother, alleged father and child, patterns can be identified that determine the likelihood of paternity. These tests are considered 99.99 percent conclusive and are legally viable in establishing paternity and child support orders.
DNA testing can also be used to identify other family members, such as twins who were separated at birth or cousins seeking confirmation for genealogical research. It can also establish twin zygosity, which shows whether twins are identical or fraternal.
In rare instances (approximately one dozen cases per year), hospitals can confuse children and give parents the wrong babies. In this case, maternity testing can identify which child belongs with which mother.
Versatility
All body tissue contains DNA. A test can be performed on blood, hair, skin cells or any other available tissue without losing reliability. At crime scenes, this is a valuable facet of DNA testing.
Since DNA is unaffected by outside contaminants such as acids, bases or other chemicals, a person cannot alter the results of their DNA test. Even tests that use DNA from cells inside the mouth are unaltered by eating or drinking.
Civil Liberties
Countries around the globe have addressed concerns that DNA testing is an infringement of civil liberties.
In Britain police are allowed to gather DNA samples from anyone arrested for a recordable offense. Because of this, Britain has the largest DNA database in the world.
Germany, the UK and Australia have passed or are considering passing laws restricting paternity testing. These laws require all concerned parties to consent before DNA can be gathered to settle paternity disputes. It also bans gender determination of fetuses, testing for disease predisposition and gene testing by employers and insurance companies.
In the United States, DNA samples can exist in databases permanently. The majority come from convicted criminals, but many come from people who have been exonerated or proven innocent.
Because DNA tests can be conducted on any body tissue, individuals do not necessarily have to concede to DNA testing in order to be tested. It is because of this that civil liberty organizations are concerned opponents of DNA testing and data storage.
Data Confusion
There is concern from some sources that an innocent person could be convicted of a crime because of inaccurate DNA testing. This is a common refrain in courtrooms where defense lawyers are faced with unfavorable DNA evidence. According to their claims, a crime scene could be analyzed in such a way that trace amounts of DNA from an uninvolved person could be tested and identified, implicating the uninvolved individual without identifying the true criminal.
Because these tests are considered so precise, voicing this unsubstantiated concern is one of few avenues of recourse for defense lawyers and defendants in a courtroom.
The Future
The movie "Gattaca" featured a world where children were genetically constructed for perfection. In the movie, there are two classes of human: those who are genetically perfect and those who are genetically inferior. Depending on genetic makeup, individual careers, diseases, and life expectancy are all determined at birth.
Critics of DNA technology fear these ideas and consider them a likely reality. The ranks of these critics are made of conspiracy theorists, technophobes, some scientists and the general public who believe these hypothetical realities that they view on television or read about in books. These people fear the day that "Gattaca" becomes reality, and insurance companies, employers and others are allowed to genetically profile individuals and discriminate accordingly.
Tags: body tissue, insurance companies, civil liberty, come from, crime scene, defense lawyers, innocent person
Soybeans and products made from them contain isoflavonoid phytoestrogens, chemicals that behave like the female hormone estrogen in the human body. Soy phytoestrogens may improve a person's cardiovascular health, reduce menopausal symptoms and improve bone health. Research studies find conflicting results when studying whether the phytoestrogens in soy increase a woman's risk for breast cancer.
Types
Soy isoflavonoid phytoestrogens activate in people who eat foods containing soybeans, soy supplements and other soy products. Eating edamame, a popular preparation of steamed soybeans, sometimes served salted and in their pods, nourishes the body with isoflavonoid phytoestrogens. Soy milk, tofu, vegetarian meat and cheese substitutes made with soy, and soy flour all supply phytoestrogens. As a substitute for or addition to eating soy-based foods, soy supplements in the form of capsules or powders supply phytoestrogens.
Significance
Declining levels of the female hormone estrogen in post-menopausal women are responsible for the increasing risks of heart disease and osteoporosis women face as they age. Women going through menopause and experiencing lowered estrogen levels experience uncomfortable symptoms such as vaginal dryness and hot flashes. Unfortunately, a common treatment for these effects, post-menopause estrogen replacement therapy, increases the risk of breast cancer, Alzheimer's Disease, stroke, blood clots and other health conditions. Post-menopausal women supplement their diets with soy to avoid the side effects of hormone replacement therapy. Other women report an improvement in PMS symptoms and even breast growth while taking soy. Some evidence suggests soy as a boost for fertility.
Effects
Scientists do not fully understand the effects of soy phytoestrogens on a woman's body. According to the Cornell University Sprecher Institute for Comparative Cancer Research, studies report soy phytoestrogens both increasing and decreasing breast cancer risks. Research in both animals and humans suggests supplementation with soy improves cholesterol levels and artery function, possibly reducing the risk of heart disease. After menopause, the estrogen-like effect of soy may reduce a woman's risk of osteoporosis. Substituting soy protein for animal protein results in a lower-calorie diet, thereby encouraging weight loss.
Theories/Speculation
Asian women who consume diets naturally high in soy products experience milder menopause symptoms and have lower rates of breast cancer than women in the United States. Those statistics cause researchers to investigate the potential benefits of soy on women's health. Scientists plan further study to confirm whether phytoestrogens improve health, and at what doses.
Warning
Because of the estrogen-like effects, soy phytoestrogens may interact with estrogen-containing medicines such as hormone replacement therapy or the birth control pill. Check with a doctor before adding any dietary supplements. A woman who is pregnant or breast-feeding should not take soy phytoestrogens. Report any allergic reactions after eating soy products or taking soy supplements to a doctor. Breast cancer survivors should avoid soy supplements until further research rules out a link between soy and breast cancer risk. Men taking large doses of phytoestrogens may experience breast growth or lowered testosterone.
Tags: breast cancer, isoflavonoid phytoestrogens, replacement therapy, breast growth, effects phytoestrogens, female hormone, female hormone estrogen
There was a time when a telephone answering system was how fast you could get to a ringing phone. After that, it became all about tapes and then digital machines that sit beside the phone. Now, the best telephone answering systems are completely machine-free. You subscribe to a company, then simply dial in to get your messages without worrying about your machine breaking.
Access Direct
Messagingservice.com is a company that specializes in managing your messages and delivering them to you in the most convenient manner possible. While this company is geared toward businesses, busy individuals can make use of its services for $9.95 a month.
Features include voice mail that you can dial in from any location to check and the option of having your phone messages transcribed and faxed or emailed to you, or sent to your BlackBerry or smart phone. You can also utilize a toll-free or regular number provided by the company, or you can use your own phone number.
AT&T Voice Mail
Since AT&T is the telephone service used by most people in the U.S., using its residential voice mail is very convenient for those who still have land-line telephones. One of the benefits of using this voice mail service is that the charges show up on your monthly telephone bill, so there isn't an additional bill to manage. Plus, it's a company you already know.
AT&T offers services for residences, small businesses and larger corporations that want to take advantage of voice mail as an alternative telephone-answering system. According to AT&T's website, it "works all the time---when you're online, on the phone and even when the power is out." You can combine your land-line and wireless phone message system into one if you have your wireless through AT&T as well. It provides up to three private mailboxes for your use and will send you pager or text message notification of new messages.
Ring Central
Ring Central is one of the better voice mail systems if you need something a little bit extra in a telephone answering system. It offers professional greetings, call routing and message mailboxes. It says, "You can route calls to all of your phone numbers---cell, home, land-line, cousin's house---into your RingCentral voice mail system, which eliminates the need to check multiple message lines."
You can get your voice mail by email, phone or the Internet at any time. Prices start at $9.99 a month, which would work for an individual or small business. Larger businesses will require larger plans, which can go up to $100 a month.
Tags: voice mail, telephone answering, your phone, answering system, Ring Central, telephone answering system, voice mail