State Of Connecticut Radiologic Technology Licenses

The Connecticut Department of Labor estimates that the demand for radiologic technologists in the state will increase by more than 13 percent from 2008 through 2018. Entry into the field of radiologic technology requires a state-issued license. The Department of Public Health oversees the state's licensing program, establishing and enforcing its requirements.

Education

To qualify for radiologic technology licensing in Connecticut, prospective radiographers must complete a post-secondary training program. Only schools accredited by the Committee on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs or the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists fulfill the education requirement. As of January 2011, 11 such programs existed in the state. Locations of the programs were St. Vincent's College in Bridgeport, Danbury Hospital in Danbury, Quinnipiac University in Hamden, Capital Community Technical College and Hartford Hospital in Hartford, Middlesex Hospital in Middletown, Gateway Community College in North Haven, Stamford Hospital in Stamford, Naugatuck Community Technical College in Waterbury, the University of Hartford in West Hartford and Windham Community Memorial Hospital in Willimantic. These programs culminate in diplomas, certificates and associate degrees in radiography.

Examination

The Connecticut Department of Public Health mandates that all applicants for radiologic technology licensure pass a written examination. The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists developed the test, which consists of 200 scored questions and 20 experimental, unscored questions. Candidates have 3.5 hours to complete the exam. The test is given using a computer at Pearson Vue professional testing centers. As of January 2011, Pearson had three testing centers in Connecticut with locations in Wethersfield, Wallingford and Norwalk.

Other Requirements

Applicants for Connecticut radiologic technology licensing must submit a paper application to the Connecticut Department of Public Health. Along with the application, they must include a recent head-shot photograph and official copies of their education transcripts and ARRT test scores. The application also requires a notary's seal. In addition, prospective radiographers must pay a fee to apply. As of January 2011, the amount of the fee was $200.

Renewal

Once issued, radiologic technology licensing in Connecticut remains valid for two years. Prior to the expiration of the license, radiographers must complete continuing-education coursework in order to renew credentials. The Connecticut Department of Public Health requires the completion of 24 hours of coursework. The training must come from a provider that has ARRT-accreditation or state approval. Those who have voluntary certification through the ARRT can satisfy the continuing education requirement by taking the steps necessary to maintain those credentials.

Tags: radiologic technology, Connecticut Department, Department Public, Department Public Health, Public Health

State Life Insurance Regulations

Understanding life insurance regulations in your state will allow you to know how these regulations impact you and your family.

Life insurance is regulated at the state level. This means each state has different laws when it comes to how life insurance is regulated. Each state attempts to pass laws it thinks are fair and will provide consumers with the best choices in life insurance. Regardless where you live, there are common regulations that appear in many states concerning the sale of life insurance.

10-Day Free Look Period

Many states impose a 10-day free look period. For example, New York imposes such a rule. It allows consumers to purchase a life insurance policy and look over the contract for 10 days to decide whether or not the consumer wants to keep the policy. If the consumer does not want the policy, he can return it for a refund of the premiums he has paid.

Grace Period

If you miss a premium payment, most states mandate a grace period of 30 to 31 days where you will be allowed to make your premium payment without your coverage lapsing. If you fail to make the premium payment within this time period, your insurance policy will lapse.

Death Benefit Claims

Most states have regulations on how long an insurance company has to pay death claims. In most states, this time period ranges from 30 to 60 days. If an insurance company fails to make payment within this period of time, interest accumulates on the death benefit or some other benefit accrues to the beneficiary until the death benefit is paid.

Exclusions

Exclusions on life insurance policies are generally allowed for suicide and dangerous activities. A two-year suicide exclusion means that if you buy a life insurance policy and commit suicide within the first two years of the policy, the insurance company does not have to pay the death benefit. Instead, they must refund the premiums you've paid to your beneficiary. A dangerous activity exclusion works the same way but applies to death from dangerous activities like sky-diving or auto-racing.

Tags: life insurance, insurance company, insurance policy, premium payment, dangerous activities, death benefit

Description Of Cataract Surgery

Description of Cataract Surgery

A cataract occurs when the lens, or iris and pupil, become cloudy. The lens helps the eye adjust its sight and focuses the light at the back of the eye. The lens consists of water and protein, which sometimes clumps together to create the cloud on the lens. It can grow large enough to dim sight. Cataract surgery is a beneficial option for someone who wants to restore her eyesight.

Depending on the patient's condition, doctors will remove clouded lens and replace it with a clear artificial lens, or simply remove the cataract without need for an artificial implant. Either way, the procedure takes less than an hour.

Preparation

Eye drops help dilate the pupil. Anesthetics numb the eye. Patients receive sedatives to help them relax during the procedure, but general anesthesia is normally not given for cataract surgery.

Phacoemulsification

Phacoemulsification involves the removal of the cataract, but leaves the rear layer of the lens. A surgeon will make a small incision of about 3 mm. The surgeon will insert a needle-thin probe into the area to transmit the waves of an ultrasound. This wave breaks up the cataract; the surgeon then uses suction to remove the fragments of the cataract.

Extracapsular Cataract Extraction

Extracapsular cataract extraction is normally used when the ultrasound waves are unable to break up the proteins of a clouded lens. This procedure requires an incision of about 10 mm. The incision is made where the cornea and sclera meet. The surgeon opens the lens and removes the nucleus. This removal is not done in fragments---the surgeon vacuums out the proteins in one piece and leaves the capsule.

An artificial lens is placed into the empty lens capsule, but requires no regular care. Many lenses are flexible, so the patient won't feel its presence.

Post-Op

The incisions made on the eye are small and some sutures are necessary. Vision normally begins to improve after a few days.

Patients typically follow up with their doctors the day after the surgery, and also at one week, and then one month post-op. Antibiotic drops will be prescribed after cataract surgery to prevent infection.

Healing Tips

Healing of the cataract normally occurs within eight weeks of surgery. The pain and discomfort from the surgery normally subsides after a few days.

Some itching and feeling of discomfort is normal after surgery, but it is important to avoid rubbing or pressing on your eye, as this can cause damage. Clean the eyelid gently to remove discharge.

Tags: after days, after surgery, artificial lens, cataract surgery, clouded lens

Skin Cancers In Dogs

There are many forms of benign and malignant skin cancer in dogs. While many are common, there are rare forms that pet owners may not recognize. Most cancers affect older dogs, but there are cases where puppies have developed a cancerous growth. Check your dog's skin regularly for changes. If you notice anything unusual, contact your veterinarian. Seeking treatment as early as possible leads to the best odds for a full recovery.

Adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma is a cancer in the sweat glands. Small, red bumps appear on the skin, usually around the face, and may bleed. A veterinarian will take a biopsy of the bump and will check the lymph nodes to see if the cancer has spread. Radiation and chemotherapy are the common treatments.

Epidermotropic Lymphoma

Epidermotropic lymphoma, also called cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, is a rare cancer that starts in the lymphocyte cells. Symptoms include loss of hair; loss of skin pigmentation; skin ulcers and lesions; and itchy, scaly, red skin patches. Your veterinarian will take a sample of the dog's skin for biopsy. There is no cure, but surgery, chemotherapy and radiation prolong the dog's life.

Hemangiosarcoma

Hemangiosarcoma is a skin cancer that starts in the blood cells. The tumors are dark blue or red patches on the skin that are often mistaken for bruises. This form of cancer occurs in less than 25 percent of all cancer cases. Boxers, German shepherds, golden retrievers and pit bulls have the highest risk for developing this cancer. A skin biopsy confirms the diagnosis. If the tumor is not invasive, surgery removes the entire growth and prognosis is good. If the tumor has spread to other tissue, the average survival span is less than a year.

Malignant Melanoma

Malignant melanoma is a common form of skin cancer in dogs. The cancer develops in the pigment cells. The tumors appear as dark, raised growths on the skin, mouth and nails. It is an aggressive cancer that needs immediate treatment. A veterinarian will perform a biopsy and check the lymph nodes for cancerous cells. Surgical removal of the tumor is best. The more tissue that's removed, the better the dog's survival time. After surgery, most dogs only survive for a year. Radiation is only used if surgery is not an option.

Mast Cell Tumor

Mast cells come from the bone marrow and live in the tissue near blood vessels and nerves. The cells help repair tissue and build new blood vessels. Most cases of mast cell cancer develop after a dog's eighth birthday. Look for a growth that suddenly appears or increases in size. Half of all mast cell tumors appear on the trunk and around the anus, vulva or scrotum. The masses may seem to shrink or become red and itchy. A veterinarian will take a biopsy and determine the stage of the cancer through X-rays or a biopsy of the lymph nodes. Stage 1 has a good prognosis, but Stage 4 means the cancer has spread to other organs. Treatment depends on the stage. Catching the cancer in Stage 1 provides better odds for survival.

Melanocytic Tumors

Melanocytic tumors develop in the skin cells that produce skin pigmentation. There are benign and malignant growths. The cancer is more prevalent in older dogs and certain breeds and genders. Male boxers, spaniels and terriers are more likely to develop this form of tumor. The tumors develop as large masses on the face, feet, scrotum and trunk. They often grow rapidly. Left untreated, the cancer spreads to the lymph nodes. A veterinarian performs a biopsy to diagnose the cancer and determine if it is benign or malignant. Surgical removal of the tumor is best. If the cancer spreads to other tissue, chemotherapy is usually recommended.

Mucocutaneous Plasmacytoma

Mucocutaneous plasmacytoma starts in the white blood cells. The cancer develops as small bumps on the legs and trunk, but can develop along the mouth and ears. The bumps may bleed. When caught early, surgical removal is best. If the cancer spreads to surrounding tissue, radiation is recommended. The prognosis for this skin cancer is good, especially when caught early.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinomas take two forms. There is a link between sun exposure and squamous cell carcinoma. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas appear in older dogs, particularly those with short hair. Lesions look like warts. They appear on the belly, head, legs and around the anus. Subungual squamous carcinomas are most common in older, short-hair breeds. You'll see these growths on the toes or under the claws. Surgical removal of the tumor is necessary. The tumors spread fast, so urgent treatment is the best way to prolong a dog's life.

Tags: lymph nodes, skin cancer, veterinarian will, benign malignant, cancer spreads, cancer that

Oklahoma Social Security Disability Benefits And Income

Workers in Oklahoma who cannot earn incomes due to their long-term disabilities are eligible to receive Social Security disability benefits. The Social Security Administration (SSA) sponsors an entitlement program for all United States citizens. Eligibility and benefit amounts are determined by the beneficiaries' work histories. The SSA also pays disability benefits to the beneficiaries' family members.

Social Security Disability in Oklahoma

Beneficiaries in Oklahoma are serviced by the Social Security's Dallas Region, which includes this state and four others (Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas and New Mexico). There are 33 million beneficiaries in this region who receive disability or other types of SSA benefits. The 250 local field offices are scattered over five states spanning 565,122 square miles. The Navajo Nation, which is in parts of Arizona and Utah, are also serviced by the Dallas Region.

Requirements for Oklahoma Residents

The SSA has several requirements for Oklahoma residents to meet to qualify for disability benefits. First, the SSA has to determine the severity of the applicants' disabilities. Applicants must have injuries or illnesses that will last at least 12 months or are considered terminal. Disabilities must also prevent applicants from doing their current jobs and adjusting to other types of work. Other requirements include applicants paying into Social Security when they worked and acquiring the stated work credits according to their ages.

Benefits and Taxation

The amounts of SSA disability benefits paid to Oklahoma beneficiaries are based on their histories of earnings while they worked. The Social Security Administration calculates disability benefits and mails yearly notifications to eligible Oklahoma residents detailing how much they would receive. Although SSA disability benefits are not considered taxable compensation by the IRS, it could be taxed at normal income tax rates if combined with sources of taxable incomes, such as wages, interest and dividends push beneficiaries' total incomes past the program's limits.

Considerations

According to the Life and Health Insurance Foundation for Education, six in 10 applicants are denied SSA disability benefits on their first attempts. However, they won't receive their benefits right away. Once applicants are approved, they must satisfy waiting periods lasting five months before receiving disability payments. The SSA also pays benefits to the beneficiaries' family members. The dependent children, spouses and ex-spouses can receive payments that are 50 percent of the beneficiaries' full disability amounts.

Tags: Social Security, disability benefits, disability benefits, also pays, beneficiaries family, beneficiaries family members, benefits beneficiaries

Start Up Business Grants For Minority Women

Start-up business funds for minority women are available from a variety of sources.

Grants are available from a variety of sources for women, and in particular minority women, to start up their own small businesses. Start-up funding can be located from a variety of sources and you may apply for more than one type of grant. In most cases, the grant awarding body will wish to see a full business plan and financial plan for the proposed small business.

Small Business Administration (SBA) Grants

The SBA can help with start-up funding for women-owned businesses. Those seeking financial assistance should fill out Form SF 424, Application for Federal Assistance. In addition, the SBA offers Women's Business Centers (WBCs) around the country. The WBCs provide counseling and state, local and private grant information to women wishing to start up their own for-profit or non-profit small businesses.

SBA Women's Business Center Grants

Grants are available for women wishing to set up Women's Business Centers to help train other women in the business skills they need to open their own businesses. Grants can be applied for through the SBA Web site.

Small Business Administration SBIR and STTR Programs

The SBA offers two grant programs which administer Federal grants earmarked for research and development, SBIR and STTR. For each type of grant, the small business would agree to undertake scientific or technological research which would match the government's stated criteria, objectives and goals. To qualify for a grant, the project should have the potential for very high commercial success once it is completed.

Federal Grant Programs

Grant.gov lists grant available from over 35 government agencies. Many of the grants give preferential treatment to women-owned and minority businesses, which are classified as disadvantaged businesses. Grants will usually be offered for specific projects to be undertaken, but there are also grants for general categories of start ups and small business owners, such as women's, minority-owned or rural-based businesses. Also, consult the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance for other federal grant opportunities.

State Grants

Business.gov is the U.S. Government's special Web site for businesses seeking start-up and other kinds of business funding. You can search for all the programs available to women and minority-owned businesses available in your state through their special search engine. To apply for the grants listed, be sure to read the special criteria and follow their application procedures carefully.

Idea Caf

Start up grants of $1,000 are available for worthy candidates for their innovative business ideas through the Idea Caf Small Business Grant Center. The application can be made once you sign up at the Web site.

Tags: available from, from variety, from variety sources, Small Business, variety sources, Women Business

Write A Psa Script

Public radio and television stations are required to donate a certain amount of time to running Public Service Announcements (PSAs). PSAs are advertisements that announce community events or charity events, or support not-for-profit organizations. They are similar to press releases, but they are not as detailed.

Instructions

Write a PSA Script

1. Capture the attention of your audience by making the ad relevant to them at the beginning of the announcement. Ask questions or make brief points that will help the audience identify with the cause of your organization or event. For example, "Have you ever known anyone who has been the victim of a drunk driving accident? A friend, a relative, an old high school acquaintance?"

2. List the essential information listeners or viewers need to know. Think about who should attend or get involved, what it's about, where it's happening or where the business is located, when and why. Give directions or a point of reference for an event location. For example, "located next to Wal-Mart on the strip."

3. Use emotion to encourage the audience to get involved. Choose words that describe how the audience, or those benefiting from the charitable event, will feel as a result of their participation. For example, "Your decision to quit smoking won't only leave you feeling free and in control, but your family will benefit from having you in their lives for many more years."

4. Call the audience to action. Do you want them to make a monetary contribution, attend an event or volunteer their time? Maybe you want the audience to quit smoking or teach their children to look both ways before crossing the street. Make it clear what you expect the audience to do after listening to your message.

5. Include contact information, such as a name and phone number, or a website address where people can get more information. Repeat information that's difficult to remember, such as the phone number or website address.

6. Read your script out loud and have someone time you. Some stations air only 10-second public service announcements, while others will air 30- or 60-second messages. Adjust your script accordingly.

Tags: number website, number website address, phone number, phone number website, quit smoking, website address

Lively Marketing Tools

Engaging customers with emerging media can increase brand awareness.

Businesses are no longer limited to traditional methods of promotion such as printed marketing materials, thanks to media that connects consumers with tech-savvy companies. With social media and smart phones, businesses can keep customers engaged on a variety of different platforms that are a step above business cards.

Branded Mobile Applications

Businesses are able to tap into an on-the-go market with branded mobile applications that can be downloaded onto smart phone cellular devices. Businesses can build novelty applications such as games or virtual toys, or create a functional application that allows users to interact directly with the product or service, such as ordering food to go from their mobile devices.

Social Media Networking

Social media networking is an industry standard for companies seeking to connect with their target demographics through online community building. While free to set up and use, social media profiles must be regularly maintained in order to be effective. They can offer valuable insight into the needs of prospective and current customers. This form of marketing keeps consumers interested and the conversation about a product or service flowing.

Quick Response Code

Quick response (QR) codes appear as a square black and white bar code. This bar code links to data such as web addresses or text when read by a QR code reader on a device such as a smart phone. The function of a QR code is to provide information quickly by delivering data straight to a mobile device which can lead to increased sales and brand awareness.

E-Mail Marketing

Subscription based e-mail newsletters are a staple of online marketing and allow companies to deliver targeted information direct to their customers' inboxes. This information can be tailored to a customer's previous order history or geographic location, which can bolster a marketing strategy for specific products or services. Newsletters assist in customer retention by providing a means to keep in touch with key accounts while reinforcing branding efforts.

Tags: brand awareness, product service, smart phone, social media

Why A Pink Ribbon For Breast Cancer

Why a Pink Ribbon for Breast Cancer?

The Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation was created in 1982 in honor of Susan Komen, a woman who had lost a three-year battle with breast cancer. The foundation, now called Susan G. Komen for the Cure, has become a significant organization in the worldwide fight against breast cancer.

History of the Ribbon

In 1990, the Susan G. Komen Foundation distributed a limited number of pink ribbons at its Race for the Cure event. The following year, the foundation provided a pink ribbon to every person who took part in its Race for the Cure event in New York City.

Acceptance as a National Symbol

In 1992, breast cancer survivor Charlotte Hayley sent out cards with peach-colored ribbons and asked people to wear them to bring more attention to cancer research. She turned down offers by "Self" magazine to use her ribbon idea for the National Breast Cancer Awareness Month issue that year. Instead, the Komen Foundation's ribbon was used for the issue, which brought the pink ribbon to the national symbol that it is today.

What the Ribbon Represents

The pink ribbon represents the strength of women around the world who have battled breast cancer. Wearing it shows support and solidarity in vowing to come together to find a cure for the disease, to help women currently in the struggle, and to encourage yearly breast exams for early detection.

Commercialism of the Ribbon

Buyers should beware that not all products with a pink ribbon are contributing toward breast cancer awareness. When buying pink ribbon products, it is smart to do a little research and confirm that part of the money you spend to purchase the product will go toward breast cancer causes.

Where to Buy Products

Visit Susan G. Komen's official online store (opening July 1, 2009) at http://ShopKomen.com to purchase items that will help the organization reach its goal of contributing more than $2 billion over the next 10 years for breast cancer issues.

Tags: Susan Komen, breast cancer, breast cancer, pink ribbon, Breast Cancer

Support Physical Growth & Development In Young Children

Happy and healthy

As the parent of a young child, it is up to you to make sure that your precious charge is taken care of in the best way possible. No child is born with innate knowledge of keep himself healthy, so one important job that parents have is to provide the right tools and education to instill this knowledge into their children. Giving your children the proper foods and schedule will create healthy adults, and modeling proper behavior yourself is perhaps the most powerful way to influence them in the right direction.

Instructions

1. Serve healthy food. For babies, the best choice for growth and development is breast-feeding, although formula can fill in if this is not a feasible option. Once your child is eating solid foods, provide plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables, water and milk instead of sugary drinks, sandwiches made from whole-grain bread with protein-high fillings and a lot of carbohydrates.

2. Put them on a schedule. Children will stay up the whole night if you allow them to, but the proper amount of rest is crucial for optimal functioning the next day. Enough sleep allows the body to digest food properly, restore and replenish muscles, promote growth and recharge the brain and memory capabilities. From about ages 5 to 9, kids need 11 hours of sleep a night. From ages 9 to 13, they need at least 10.

3. Shut off the television. Aside from the free time that it provides you, there are very few benefits that come from watching TV. Children need to be active to develop properly, both mentally and physically, and sitting inside all day will only stunt their growth. Encourage your children to play sports, jump rope or just run around the yard, and provide them with equipment that keeps their interest for the longest possible time.

4. Model healthy behavior by stocking your kitchen with nutritious choices, such as plenty of fruits and vegetables, exercising regularly and setting a bed time for yourself.

Tags: fruits vegetables, your children

Introduction To Umts

Your cell phone may use UMTS technology.

UMTS stands for Universal Mobile Telephone System, a technology designed to expand mobile telephone service to isolated areas of the world. The UMTS mobile system adheres to the International Telecommunication Union's current standards for mobile technology.

Origin

The International Telecommunication Union, an agency of the United Nations, sets the standards for global communication systems. UMTS was developed within the IMT-2000 framework, an international mobile communication system adopted in 2000.

Services

UMTS provides a broad variety of network services including voice and video telephone, video gaming, Internet streaming, web browsing, database use, Internet downloads and e-mail. The system includes a virtual home environment, allowing users to access personalized features from any location.

Coverage

UMTS coverage uses a combination of land-based and satellite-based stations. The system was designed to be compatible with existing GSM networks, the Global System for Mobile communications used worldwide.

Security

UMTS improves on the security functions of the GSM networks by requiring mutual authentication from its base stations, extending its encryption functions and protecting stored data.

Advantages

The UMTS system provides better speech quality than previous systems, along with expanded data and information capabilities. It supports faster data transfer rates and a consistent user environment.

Tags: International Telecommunication, International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunication Union

Draw Mario

Draw Mario

Super Mario Brothers has been a popular video game for decades. Mario is an even more well-known character from video games, cartoons, movies, and comics. Drawing Mario is a simple process that can help you break into drawing cartoon characters or understanding the shapes of limbs and faces. Drawing Mario facing an angle is easier to draw than drawing him standing straight forward.

Instructions

Draw Mario

1. Start with Mario's head. Draw a circle about the size your thumb and forefinger makes when you put your fingertips together, shaping a circle.

2. Add two small ovals/tall semicircles for Mario's eyes, a little above the middle of his head. Make sure the bottom of the oval is flat, so it is an oval on the top but straight across the on the bottom. Draw a smaller oval inside the eyes, with another even smaller oval inside of that to create the iris and the pupils. Then, draw a large oval for the nose, making sure that the top of it meets right below the two eyes.

3. Sketch out Mario's hat. Remember that it goes over his whole forehead and the brim of it is right above his eyes. Then add the eyebrows and mustache. Draw each eyebrow in a crescent shape right below the brim of the hat over each eye. The mustache is parallel to the flat bottom of Mario's eyes, so sketch it directly under the nose but corresponding to the eyes. Upturn the corner of the thick mustache. If desired, add a tuft of hair for a sideburn directly under the side of the hat where an ear might go.

4. Draw a circle that is a little larger than Mario's head. For the limbs, draw each arm and leg at about the same length of the head (including his hat). Make each limb grow a little wider towards the hands and feet for the shoes and gloves. Add a small circle for each hand (you will add fingers later), then add ovals parallel to the ground for feet.

5. Add details to the hat such as a puffy top and defined brim, with the little "M" on the front of the hat for Mario. Add five fingers to each hand and define the shoes to be a little larger at the toes. Add a line dividing the hands and arms at the wrists to define gloves, then add two suspenders from his shoulders to the front of his chest and draw two buttons right where his nipples would be.

6. Color in your Mario character, making his hat red with a little white circle around the "M," his gloves white, his sleeves and shirt red but his suspenders and pants blue. Make the buttons on his chest gold, and his shoes brown. These are the typical colors of Mario's outfit. Use a peach tone to color his face, and then make his eyebrows, mustache and hair black.

7. Look over your Mario to add any last minute details, such as shading or definition, if you desire.

Tags: Draw Mario, details such, directly under, Draw circle, Drawing Mario, each hand

Stage & Grade Of Breast Cancer

Understanding breast cancer begins with learning and understanding the different stages and grades of the disease.

Breast cancer is a disease in which the cells in breast tissue group together to form a malignant tumor. The affected cells in the tumor then spread to other areas of the body. The diagnosis of breast cancer is determined by the grade and stage of the disease. Stages are determined by the TNM system. The TNM system measures tumor size, lymph nodes and the spreading of cancer to other areas of the body. Grades are the measuring of cells under a microscope. These grades and stages are the determining factor in treatment options and detection.

Stage 0

This stage of breast cancer is commonly known as Ductal Carcinoma In Situ or DCIS. It is very curable since cancerous cells have remained in their original location, and is almost always curable with treatment.

Stage 1

Stage 1 is determined by tumor size. Tumor sizes in stage 1 are less than 1 inch or 2 centimeters, about the size of a pea. In this stage, the surrounding lymph nodes are not affected and the cancerous cells have not spread outside of the breast tissue.

Stage 2

In stage 2, the tumor has grown to approximately 2 to 5 centimeters or 2 inches, and is about the size of a peanut. During this stage, the lymph nodes in the armpit area are swollen and more noticeable, but the cancerous cells have not spread to other areas of the body. It is possible that a tumor is not present, and that only the lymph nodes in the armpit area are affected.

Stage 3

In stage 3, the tumor is about or slighter larger than 5 centimeters or 2 inches and is about the size of a strawberry. In this stage, the lymph nodes are affected and have grown into each other, resulting in thickening of the stroma. Stage 3 breast cancer is also called inflammatory breast cancer, in which it is possible that a tumor is not present, but lymph nodes near the throat or collar bone have become affected. Moreover, inflammatory breast cancer is often characterized by symptoms including swollen, reddened breasts and hardened, dimpled skin.

Stage 4

Stage 4 breast cancer is referred to as metastatic breast cancer. The cancerous cells have spread to other areas of the body, including major organs like the liver and kidneys and also to the bones. This stage of breast cancer is deadly, with little chance of survival.

Grade 1

Grade 1 is referred to as low grade, in which the cancerous cells resemble normal cells and the chance of spreading to other areas of the boy are minimal.

Grade 2 and 3

Grade 2 is a moderate grade in which the cells are able to replicate and spread faster than grade 1. Cells in grade 2 also resemble normal cells like those of grade 1.

Grade 3 is a high grade. The cells in this grade are very abnormal and have a higher rate of replication and spreading.

Tags: lymph nodes, cancerous cells, other areas, areas body, breast cancer

What To Expect After Endometrial Ablation Operation

What to Expect After Endometrial Ablation Operation

An endometrial ablation operation offers women who are experiencing severe, monthly menstrual bleeding an alternative to hysterectomy surgery. The endometrial ablation procedure differs from a hysterectomy in that the uterus and ovaries remain intact, there is a shorter recovery time and there is no overnight hospital stay required. Women who have undergone an endometrial ablation operation often note that their uterine bleeding has greatly decreased or become nonexistent after the procedure, but there are a number of women who have reported complications and adverse reactions to the operation.

What is an Endometrial Ablation?

The endometrial ablation operation destroys a thin portion of the outer layer of the uterus which can have a significant impacting on menstrual flow. According to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine there are several ways to perform an endometrial ablation, the most common being radiofrequency, hot fluid, microwave energy, freezing and electrosurgery (rollerball). The attending physician will decide which method is best suited for each individual patient and some procedures can be performed right in the gynecologist's office.

The First 24 Hours

Newton-Wellesley Hospital reports that for the first 24 hours following the endometrial ablation operation women may feel a bit groggy because of the anesthesia that is administered. For this reason, it is necessary to have a friend or family member drive you home from the hospital or surgery facility. For most women, cramping will begin within the first 24 hours of surgery and continue for several days but ibuprofen can be used to dull the pain. A bloody discharge that is watery usually presents itself in the first 24 hours and lasts for several weeks.

Two to Four Weeks Post-Ablation

Most gynecologists request their patients to return for a follow-up visit within the first one to two weeks following an endometrial ablation operation. During this time, Meriter Health Services explains that it is normal for women to experience a heavier than normal amount of bleeding as the burned tissue of the uterus is expelled. It is also recommended that women not engage in sexual intercourse or the use of tampons or a douche during this time due to an increased risk of infection. Also, showering is not recommended until four weeks post-ablation to reduce the risk of infection. Therefore, baths and a soak in the hot tub are out of the question.

The Months Following an Endometrial Ablation

During the months following an endometrial ablation Boston Scientific reports that some women may still experience heavy bleeding cycles. However, this is usually only temporary. In fact, once the healing process is over periods may cease altogether. Unfortunately for some women, an endometrial ablation operation fails to control heavy periods. When this happens, the gynecologist will often discuss the other treatment options that are available to help solve the problem. It is also important to note that there are symptoms to watch for during the months that follow ablation surgery that require medical assistance. If fever develops or if severe abdominal pain or hemorrhaging occurs a physician must be alerted as soon as possible.

Complications

Medicinenet.com explains that there are some complications associated with the endometrial ablation operation that can be a cause for concern for the women who experience them. Damage to the cervix has been reported in some women as well as perforation or tearing of the uterine wall. Some women also have experienced infection, internal bleeding and burns to the uterus and surrounding organs. Pulmonary edema also can result if excess fluid from the ablation procedure enters the bloodstream.

Tags: endometrial ablation, endometrial ablation operation, ablation operation, first hours, following endometrial, following endometrial ablation, some women

Eat To Prevent Breast Cancer

Eat to Prevent Breast Cancer

The truth is, we are miles away from any guaranteed protection against

breast cancer. But, at this point, we can look at improving our odds by including (and avoiding) certain foods and nutrients in our diet. The groundbreaking report from the American Institute of Cancer Research (Food, Nutrition, and the Prevention of Cancer: a global perspective, 1997) noted which foods, based on research results thus far, probably or possibly decreased breast cancer risk and which foods/components probably or possibly increased risk. You'll find many of their conclusions in the 10 Steps below.

Instructions

1. Enjoy more fruits. They contribute powerful antioxidants, phytochemicals, and fiber.

2. Enjoy more vegetables. They contribute other powerful antioxidants, phytochemicals and they also contribute fiber.

3. Work a Carotenoid-rich food into your day (cantaloupe, mango, beet greens, butternut squash, chili peppers, dandelion greens, dock/sorrel greens, hubbard squash, kale, mustard greens, pumpkin, spinach, sweet potato, swiis chard, turnip greens, winter squash, and yams).

4. Eat more fiber, especially from whole grains. Phytochemicals found in whole grains have been found to reduce risk of breast and colon cancers in animal studies.

5. Keep fat, saturated fat, and animal fat moderate. Researchers are still trying to figure out if and how the amount of fat (as well as the types of fat) in our food changes our risk for breast cancer. Results from animal studies have suggested the possibility that the amount and type of fat we eat could encourage or discourage certain breast tumors.

6. Switch to monounsaturated fats. Research has been showing that monounsaturated oils, such as olive and canola oil, do not have many cancer-promoting effects (Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 97:16, 1997).

7. Drink little or no alcohol. At least 50 studies show that alcohol may play a role in breast cancer risk.

8. Emphasize variety in food choices. Eating various foods will give many different nutrients and helpful phytochemicals.

9. Try to keep extra weight off as you age. A Harvard University study showed that women who gained 44 to 55 pounds after age 18 had almost double the risk of developing breast cancer following menopause, compared with women who had gained only a few pounds.

10. Get bitten by the fitness bug! (or)

11. Try to exercise at least 4 hours a week--even if it is just walking. Some studies have found a reduced risk of breast cancer among women who exercise regularly or who were athletic as adolescents.

Tags: breast cancer, risk breast, animal studies, antioxidants phytochemicals, breast cancer risk, cancer risk, Enjoy more

Prognosis Of Breast Cancer Recurrence

Consult your doctor

Breast cancer can recur if initial treatment does not remove all cancer cells in the body. In most cases, the prognosis for recurrent breast cancer is not as poor as those with more advanced breast cancer.

Treatment

Recurring breast cancer is easily treatable for most patients. If the original cancer was treated with radiation therapy, other treatment options will be utilized.

Tests

If a recurrence is suspected, possible tests that will need to be done are a blood test, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, chest x-ray, or bone scan. These tests will check to see if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Statistics

According to the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), 5 to 10 percent of women with recurrent breast cancer who were treated for invasive breast cancer will have distant metastases. This means the cancer has spread from the breast to other parts of the body.

Expert Insight

RSNA also states that 5 to 10 percent of women have recurring breast cancer that is too extensive to be operated on.

Prognosis

Most women with recurring breast cancer will not have distant metastases. When the relapse is only in the breast, the five-year cure rate is 60 to 75 percent.

Tags: breast cancer, breast cancer, breast cancer will, cancer spread, cancer will, cancer will have, distant metastases

Technology Specialist Schools

Technology specialists schools offer different levels of degrees, on campus and online.

Technology specialist schools prepare students for careers in technology or related industries through classroom instruction and/or online instruction as well as practical experience. Technology programs are often geared towards students that work full-time, offering flexible class schedules and accelerated programs of study. You can obtain an associate, bachelor of science, master of science or doctor of science degree in a technology-related discipline.

ITT Technical Institute

ITT Technical Institute is the largest nationwide system of colleges with technology specialist programs. ITT offers classroom and online instruction to prepare students for a variety of careers in the technology industry. The School of Information Technology offers associate degree programs in mobile communications, information technology and software development technology and bachelor degree programs in the following areas: information systems security, data communication systems technology, software engineering technology, project management and software applications development. The School of Information Technology also offers online programs that award associate and bachelor degrees, although the online program is not as expansive as the campus programs. ITT also has a School of Electronics Technology that offers an associate degree in computer and electronics engineering and bachelor degrees in industrial automation engineering and electronics and communication engineering. ITT has over 125 campuses nationwide. Most four-year colleges do not accept credits from ITT for transfer, so students with plans to transfer are discouraged from enrolling at ITT until they have contacted the registrar of the institution where they hope to matriculate. Most students at ITT work full-time or part-time, and thus, only take a part-time load of courses at ITT.

South University

South University awards bachelor of science and master of science degrees to students through accelerated online programs. You can earn a bachelor of science in information technology with a special concentration in the following ares: database administration, general information technology, information technology, network administration or web administration . You can earn a master of science in information systems and technology with a special concentration in the following areas: master of science in information systems and technology, information architecture and design specialization, technical specialization or information security studies specialization. South University's online programs are designed to meet your busy schedule, even if you work full-time. You can attend classes online at any time of day or night. Most courses are only five and a half weeks long, making it easy for you to accelerate your degree.

Lincoln Technical Institute and Lincoln College of Technology

The Lincoln Group of Schools spans 17 states with over 43 campuses. Lincoln trains students for careers in technology with classroom instruction and hands-on practical experience. Lincoln Technical Institute offers certificate programs for students in business and information technology and other skilled trades, while Lincoln College of Technology offers associate degree training programs in business and information technology and other skilled trades. You can enroll in these programs at a campus or online. Lincoln offers varies kinds of financial assistance, including scholarships.

University of Phoenix

University of Phoenix offers online degree programs to prepare students for careers in technology; the school stands out from other tech-related online degree programs because it offers, in addition to associate's and bachelor's degrees, master of science and doctoral degrees in technology fields. You can earn a Doctor of Management in Organizational Leadership with a specialization in information systems and technology, a Master of Science in information systems, or a Bachelor of Science degree in information technology, with the option for a concentration in one of the following areas: multimedia and visual communication, software engineering, networking and telecommunications, business systems analysis, database administration, information systems security or web development. The school also offers Associate of Arts degrees with concentrations in information technology, information technology support, database development, programming or web development. Most programs can be completed entirely online, making this school an excellent choice for those with full-time jobs. University of Phoenix offers interactive online forums in which students can collaborate to expand their knowledge and experience in the areas of study they have chosen. All programs are accredited by the Higher Learning Commission (HLC).

Tags: information systems, information technology, careers technology, degree programs, master science, systems technology

What Does A Radiologist Tech'S Salary Start At

Radiologist techs may perform cat scans (CTs) on patients.

Radiologist techs are responsible for performing diagnostic tests such as x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging tests, cat scans and mammograms. The majority of radiologist techs usually specialize in one of these diagnostic tests instead of multiple types. They help prepare patients for diagnostic tests by telling them to remove accessories, when to hold their breath or when to remain still.

Salary

The median salary for radiologist techs in the United States as of May 2008 was $52,210, according to BLS. The middle earning 50 percent were paid between $42,710 and $63,0100. The highest earning 10 percent of radiologist techs were paid more than $74,970 and the lowest earning 10 percent were paid less than $35,100. Recent graduates of radiologist technology programs are usually paid less than those with additional years of experience and should expect to be on the lower end of this salary range.

Lifestyle

The majority of radiologist techs work approximately 40 hours each week, according to BLS. However, some radiologist techs work at night, especially those who work in hospital emergency rooms. In addition, radiologist techs may have to work on weekends or be on call. Being on call means that a hospital can call you when you're off-duty to come to work if they need your assistance. A hospital may call because of something like abnormally high patient volume. Some radiologist techs choose to work part-time for one employer or hold one job during the day and another job on some nights.

Training Requirements

Training programs for becoming a radiologist tech are commonly offered by vocational schools and community colleges, but are also available from traditional four-year universities. These programs award candidates either a certificate, associate or bachelor's degree upon graduation. However, the most common certification is an associate's degree, which takes approximately two years to complete.

Considerations

Radiologic techs are protected from the harmful effects of the radiation they work with by protective equipment like lead shieldings, according to The Official State of Michigan Website. Approximately 61 percent of all radiologist techs work in hospitals, while others work in outpatient imaging centers, according to the BLS. A career as a radiologist tech is an excellent option for individuals that want to work in the medical field and are interested in radiology, but don't want to complete more than a decade of training to become a radiologist (MD).

Outlook

Employment for radiologist techs is expected to increase by 15 percent through 2016, according to Baker College. This is due partially to the fact that the aging baby boom generation will need increased medical care as they age.

Tags: radiologist techs, diagnostic tests, earning percent, radiologist techs work, techs work, were paid, earning percent were

What Is Required To Be An Xray Technician

X-ray technicians work in the health care field to manipulate x-ray equipment to take internal pictures of patients' bodies for diagnosis of diseases and injuries. X-ray technicians need specialized classes to learn the appropriate skills. Further education is always an option for those who want to work in specialized fields or become supervisors.

Initial Requirements

X-ray technicians must have high school diplomas or GEDs. Next, they must be admitted to a school that has an x-ray technician program.

X-Ray Technician Programs

Training programs for x-ray technicians are available online as well as through brick-and-mortar trade schools and colleges. In most states, techs are required to become certified by the American Registry of Radiologist Technologists, which requires at least a certificate but usually an associate's or a bachelor's degree. Programs can take from one to four years.

Classes in X-Ray Technician Programs

X-ray technician programs include classes in anatomy, physiology, patient care procedures, patient positioning, radiation physics, principles of imaging, radiation protection, medical terminology, medical ethics and pathology.

Exam

After completing an approved program and possibly getting specialized experience, those who want national certification need to pass an exam developed by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists. Exams and certificates are available in: radiography, nuclear medicine technology, magnetic resonance imaging, sonography, bone densitometry, vascular sonography and breast sonography.

Certificate Vs. License

A certificate indicates that the student has passed the exam and done the requisite coursework. To get a license (required in 35 states), you must apply through the state.

Tags: American Registry, Technician Programs, those want, X-Ray Technician Programs, X-ray technicians

About Medicare Disability Benefits

Medicare coverage can be made available to people with disability benefits. If someone has been receiving full disability benefits from Social Security for two years, he can enroll in Part A of the Medicare program, which provides coverage for hospital care. In addition, people covered by Part A can enroll in additional sections of Medicare for more benefits.

About Receiving Medicare Due to Disability

Normally, the government's Medicare hospital insurance is reserved for those 65 years and older. However, Medicare is also available to the disabled, assuming that they meet certain conditions. The basic condition is that the applicant must have been receiving disability benefits from the Social Security department for at least 24 months.

Qualifications

The definition of disability for the purposes of Social Security is somewhat different than that of other programs and organizations. Social Security only awards benefits to people that are deemed to have full disability. As a result, there are no provisions for partial or short-term disability.

Definition of Full Disability

A person is considered to be fully disabled by Social Security if he is unable to do the job that he previously held. However, there are additional provisions. Social Security must also decide that the person is unable to change jobs or adjust to other work as a result of this medical condition. In addition, this medical problem should be expected to last for at least one year or otherwise result in the person's death.

Basic Medicare Coverage

If a person qualifies for Medicare disability benefits, he can be enrolled in Medicare Part A for free. This system helps pay for any inpatient care received in a hospital (or by a nursing facility after a hospital visit). Part A will also pay for certain aspects of receiving health care at home, as well as providing some coverage for hospice care.

Other Medicare Options

In addition to Part A, which only covers some medical expenses, there are additional Medicare programs that someone on Plan A can enroll in for a monthly premium. Part B provides extra coverage for the services of doctors and other professionals that are not covered by Part A. Part C provides extra benefits for people who use specific providers. Part D provides coverage for prescription drugs. All of these additional parts are available to people with disability who are covered by Part A.

Tags: Social Security, covered Part, disability benefits, Part provides, available people

Should I Get Individual Health Insurance Or Take Cobra

When you leave your job, one of the most important areas to consider is your health insurance. You will no longer be covered by your employer as part of your group plan. At this point, you can choose to take COBRA coverage or go out and find your own individual health insurance plan if you do not immediately get another job that offers health insurance or gain coverage through a spouse or by enrolling in Medicare.

Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, or COBRA

The COBRA health insurance law allows you to keep your same group health insurance plan after you leave a job for a certain amount of time. This type of insurance is designed to be a transitional plan that makes it easier on you while you are looking for another job. You can stay on COBRA for as long as 18 months after you leave your current employer before you have to switch over to another insurance plan.

Cost

When trying to decide whether you should get an individual plan or go with COBRA, the cost is one of the important factors to consider. When trying to save money, you will find that an individual health insurance plan is often less expensive than going with COBRA. When you get COBRA, your employer will no longer be paying a part of your insurance premium for you. This will make the rate much higher than what you are used to.

Time Frame

When making this decision, you also have to look at your time frame. Try to determine exactly what you are going to do after leaving your job. If you plan to become self-employed or start your own business, an individual health insurance plan might make sense. If you plan to look for a new job, the COBRA coverage might make more sense. This way, you can simply keep your same insurance for a few months while you are between jobs.

Not Eligible

In some cases, you may find that you are ineligible for individual health insurance. If you have serious health complications, an individual health insurance company may not be able to provide coverage for you. With individual plans, you have to go through medical exams and questionnaires. With group coverage, you typically do not have to go through any of this and you are accepted automatically. In this case, it may be to your advantage to stay on COBRA and then move to another group plan when you get another job.

Tags: health insurance, insurance plan, health insurance plan, individual health, individual health insurance, after leave, COBRA coverage

What Types Of Tests Are Used In Animal Testing

Mice are just one example of animals used in testing and research.

Animal testing is controversial due to the inherent cruelty in the practice. The practice also is subject to debate because the results of animal testing are not always applicable to humans. Tests involving tissue samples and other methods are more applicable to humans and do not harm animals. Nevertheless, thousands of tests are performed on animal subjects each year in the United States and across the world. The Environmental Protection Agency mandates animal testing for certain products.

Types of Animals Used in Testing

The most common animals used in research and testing are mice, rats, ferrets, rabbits, primates (monkeys), pigs, cats, dogs, frogs, guinea pigs, fish, sheep and birds. Other animals, such as goats, also are used in testing and research.

Substances and Products Commonly Tested on Animal Subjects

Foods, beverages, drugs (both illegal and legal), alcohol, cleaning products, pesticides, insect and snake venom, conventional weapons, biological weapons, chemical weapons, radioactive substances, bacterial and viral infections, disease, petroleum products, vaccinations, cosmetics, personal hygiene products, smoke from burning substances are tested on animals.

Other Situations Tested on Animals

Animal subjects are tested in car crashes, decompression chambers and motion simulators. They are infected with diseases, infected with cancerous tumors, subjected to traumas such as head and spinal injuries, shot with guns, blown up in explosions, boiled, set on fire, addicted to drugs, used to practice surgery and other medical procedures, induced with seizures and paralyzed.

Who Performs These Tests?

Animal testing is commonly done by the medical industry, environmental protection groups, agriculture, the aerospace industry, the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry, consumer products testers, cosmetics companies, cleaning product manufacturers, the military and others who test products or situations that can affect humans or the environment.

How Are The Tests Performed?

The testing is commonly performed until the animal dies. If the testing does not kill the animal, the animal usually is killed by researchers so that an autopsy and other tests can be done. Common testing includes saturating the skin with substances, spraying the eyes, injections, inhalation chambers, using simulators, electric shock, burning, force feeding, isolation, starvation, surgical procedures, infecting with disease or cancer, drowning and trauma to the body, head or extremities. Pain killers are not used so that the effects of the testing is clear and not influenced by the pain-relieving drugs.

Tags: animals used, applicable humans, infected with, testing commonly, testing research, used testing, used testing research

Breast Exercises After Augmentation

Breast augmentation carries the risk of capsular contracture, where the body forms scar tissue around the implant for protection. Sometimes this scar tissue tightens and hardens, causing the implant to feel hard and look misshapen. It also causes pain in some. To counteract this risk, many plastic surgeons recommend compression exercises to their breast augmentation patients. These exercises are simple and quick to perform, and may help protect your breast augmentation results.

Performing Post-Breast Augmentation Massage

Though generally started one or two weeks into your recovery, some surgeons recommend beginning compression exercises right away. These exercises are believed by some to keep the breast implant pocket loose and any scar tissue that may form flexible. To perform, gently squeeze each implant several times, pushing it up, down, right and left into each quadrant of the pocket. You should hold each squeeze for several seconds before releasing. For those who begin soon after surgery, this process can be somewhat painful. The exercises become much less painful after the breast area has had time to heal. During the first three weeks after surgery, it is recommended you perform these exercises three to four times per day. After that, once a day is considered sufficient.

Though there is no scientific proof compression exercises actually reduce your capsular contracture risk, many surgeons feel there is no harm in performing the exercises for added protection. You should follow your surgeon's instructions as to when to begin your exercises and how often you should perform them.

As your surgeon will tell you, you should only perform compression exercises with smooth-surface breast implants. Since textured implants are designed to adhere to the breast-pocket wall, compression exercises would be counterproductive.

Other Ways to Reduce Capsular Contracture Risk

There is no sure-fire way to prevent capsular contracture; however, some surgeons believe implant placement can help reduce the risk. Subglandular implant placement, where the breast implants are placed over the pectoral muscle, are believed to be the most likely to cause capsular contracture, though no studies currently prove or disprove this theory.

A study published in the March 2008 "Aesthetic Plastic Surgery" suggests incision choice may play a role in capsular contracture. The study showed the periareolar incision, which follows the line of the areola, produces a higher capsular contracture rate than the inframammary incision, which is concealed within the breast fold. This may be due to the implants' contact with the breast's milk ducts when the periareolar incision is used.

Tags: capsular contracture, compression exercises, scar tissue, after surgery, breast augmentation

Minnesota Health Care Law

Minnesota law incorporates health care.

Minnesota health care law provides residents with certain protections, including the right to appoint health care representatives in cases of incapacitation. Laws stipulate what health care coverage employers must provide and mandate income requirements for families when applying for state-based health insurance programs.

Controversy

In August 2010, Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty vocally opposed federal health care reform and signed an executive order preventing state agencies from accepting federal grants available from the legislation. Pawlenty asserts that such reform puts a federal hand in what should be reserved for state and private firms.

Features

As a reprieve to small businesses in the state, a 2005 law reduced the number of mandated conditions a small business's insurance plan must cover for its employees. This "flexible benefits" option reduced the cost of premiums and thus lowered the financial burden.

Protection

Minnesota law also gives residents the right to appoint a health care representative who will express their health care wishes in case of incapacitation. A Health Care Directive form must be filled out and signed.

Tags: health care, appoint health, appoint health care, Health Care, right appoint, right appoint health

Sports & Recreation Grants

Agencies can take advantage of grant opportunities to enhance leisure activities.

According to the American Heart Association Web site, physical activity has many benefits, including helping lower the risk for heart disease. In addition, physical activity can curtail diabetes and obesity. People can engage in physical activity through sports and recreation. Agencies develop or fund sports and recreational programs throughout the United States through grants.

After School Archery Program

A partnership between the National Recreation and Park Association and the National Alliance for the Development of Archery provides funding for the After School Archery Program grant. The two agencies award grants to park and recreation organizations as well as community agencies to teach youths, ages 5 to 18, the basics of archery. In 2010, the agencies distributed 100 $500 grants to recipients that could be used to buy archery equipment or for training of staff, volunteers or archery instructors.

National Recreation and Park Association

22377 Belmont Ridge Road

Ashburn, Va 20148-4501

1 (800) 626-6772

http://www.nrpa.org/archery

Head Start Body Start Play Space Grant

Head Start Body Start National Center for Physical Development and Outdoor Play, an alliance between the American Association for Physical Activity and Recreation and the National Association for Sport and Physical Education, offers grants to enhance outdoor play areas. The Head Start Body Start Play Space Grant provides grants up to $5,000 to Head Start centers across the United States to upgrade play areas. The agency will award more than 380 grants annually through 2012.

Head Start Body Start

National Center for Physical Development and Outdoor Play

1900 Association Drive

Reston, VA 20191-1598

1 (800) 213-7193

http://www.aahperd.org/headstartbodystart

GoGirlGo! Grants

The Women's Sports Foundation, founded by Billie Jean King in 1974, awards GoGirlGo! Grants to organizations that offer diverse, underserved girls between the ages of 8 to 18 an opportunity to become active in sports and physical activity. The Women's Sports Foundation awards grants to agencies across the country, but special emphasis is placed on organizations in the areas of Atlanta, Boston, Chicago and San Antonio.

Women's Sports Foundation

1899 Hempstead Turnpike, Suite 400

East Meadow, NY 11554

1 (800) 227-3988

http://www.womenssportsfoundation.org

Hook A Kid On Golf

The National Alliance for Youth Sports, a proponent for positive and safe sports and other pursuits for children, offers Hook a Kid on Golf grants. Hook a Kid on Golf is a program that removes barriers that may hinder youths from enjoying golf. Funding lets kids learn about the sport while gaining an understanding of the history of the game and golf etiquette. Financial assistance is also used to provide kids with a starter set of golf clubs and other golf equipment.

National Alliance For Youth Sports

National Headquarters

2050 Vista Parkway

West Palm Beach, Florida 33411

(561) 684-1141

http://www.nays.org

Tags: Head Start, Body Start, Head Start Body, physical activity, Start Body

Breast Cancer Signs & Stages

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer found in women and is responsible for the deaths of more women between 45 and 55 and than any other cause. While often associated with finding a lump in the breast, in most cases there are no physical signs of the cancer that can be seen or felt. This is why breast cancer screening, like mammograms and clinical breast examinations, are so important. Patients are more likely to survive and cope successfully with breast cancer when it is discovered in an early stage. There are five stages (0-4) that measure--in increasing severity--the progression of the cancer.

Symptoms

Many breast cancer patients display no noticeable symptoms; however, it is not uncommon for some outward signs to appear. These include lumps in the breast, thickening breast tissue and small depressions in the breast. Other possible symptoms include swelling in the breast, redness, swollen lymph nodes under the arm, tenderness in the nipples, inverted nipples, and nipple fluid discharge. These signs to do not necessary indicate breast cancer, but it is important to consult a physician if you notice any of them.

Screening

While it is beneficial and convenient for women to screen themselves by performing self-breast examinations, it is also important for women--especially ages 45 to 55--to visit a physician's office and have professional screening tests performed. One of the most common breast cancer screening tests is the mammogram, which utilizes x-rays to make detailed images of the breast so specks and lumps can be detected. Another common screening is a clinical breast examination, where a doctor examines breast tissue for consistency as well shape and texture. Discovering breast cancer at an early stage means that treatment will be more effective.

Stage 0

Stage 0 means a patient has either lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), where abnormal cells appear in the lobule, or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), where abnormal cells appear in the duct. While LCIS rarely develops into invasive cancer, DCIS can if left untreated.

Stage 1

Stage 1 indicates the presence of invasive breast cancer. It identifies a tumor smaller than 2 cm wide. All cancerous cells are still in the breast at this stage.

Stage 2

Stage 2 indicates the tumor has grown to between 2 and 5 cm, or that the tumor is greater than 5 cm. At this stage, spread to the underarm lymph nodes is often observed.

Stage 3

Stage 3 represents a cancer that is locally advanced. Various levels of expansion are classified as stage 3, including the spreading of the cancer to lymph nodes in and behind the breastbone.

Stage 4

Stage 4 indicates that the breast cancer is fully metastatic, and has spread to various parts of the body. At this stage the cancer is, more often than not, fatal.

Tags: breast cancer, Stage Stage, breast cancer, lymph nodes, Stage indicates, Stage Stage indicates

Fitness Courses In South Africa

Earn your personal trainer certification - or a sports medicine diploma in beautiful South Africa.

South Africa is a sport-loving country, so it's no surprise that the fitness industry is booming. In order to fill the growing need for physical therapists, trainers, instructors and fitness practitioners, South Africa has seen a recent boom in available fitness courses around the country.

The Health & Fitness Professionals Association

The Health & Fitness Professionals Association is one of the few fitness instruction centers in South Africa that offers multinationally accredited courses. HFPA offers a number of specialty programs, as well as its U.K. and U.S. registered diploma in exercise science. It also offers Bosu Ball instruction, hydrotherapy, kettle ball instruction, sports massage and the Cancer Wellfit Program. Courses are offered in Gauteng, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, East London, Knysa, Vaal Triangle, Nelspruit and Durban, though distance learning is available.

The Health & Fitness Professionals Association

PO Box 2075

Rivonia

2128

South Africa

011-1-27-11-807-9673

hfpa.co.za

International College of Kinesis

The International College of Kinesis offers National Fitness Certifications as a fitness practicioner, personal trainer or group fitness instructor. Students can choose to earn a national diploma as a kinesthesiologist, exercise cardiac and musculoskeletal exercise rehabilitation consultant or club manager. ICK offers short courses in step aerobics, aqua aerobics, spinning, pilates, movement therapy, stability ball work, and YogaFlex. ICK maintains campuses in Sandton, Pietermaritzburg and Potchefstroom, though distance learning is available.

International College of Kinesis (Pty) Ltd

PO Box 765

Strathavon

2031

South Africa

011-1-27-11-444-0761

collegeofkinesis.com

The Sports Science Institute of South Africa

If you're looking for enrichment as opposed to certification, The Sports Science Institute of South Africa has a few excellent offerings. The available courses, directed at students who face serious health challenges, are meant to be life-changing and educational. The courses are multidisciplinary, informing health, wellness and sports performance with units on exercise, nutrition and mental health. Courses are available in Healthy Weight, Chronic Disease Risk Reduction and Reversal, and Sports Medicine. There's a special year-long program called Prime Time, developed for individuals with serious enough health risk factors that they need medical supervision in order to exercise. The SSISA facility is in Newlands, Cape Town.

The Sports Science Institute of South Africa

Boundary Road

Private Bag X5

Newlands

7700

South Africa

011-1-27-21-659-5600

ssisa.com/index.asp

Tags: South Africa, College Kinesis, Fitness Professionals, Fitness Professionals Association, Health Fitness, Health Fitness Professionals, Institute South

Two Year Radiology Programs

Students interested in a career as a radiologist have several two-year programs to choose from.

Radiologists are trained professionals that specialize in the interpretation of medical images, including X-rays, MRIs and CT scans. Those who wish to pursue a career in radiology must first complete an accredited radiology program. Several schools offer a two-year radiology program for eligible applicants.

St. John Hospital School of Radiologic Technology

The School of Radiologic Technology at St. John Hospital, located in Detroit, offers a two-year certificate program in radiology. This program emphasizes guided learning with trained specialists, hands-on experience in area clinics and research facilities and training in state-of-the-art image scanning technology. Students who complete the program are eligible to take the national certification examination in radiology.

St. John Hospital School of Radiologic Technology

St. John Hospital and Medical Center

Detroit, MI 48236

313-343-4544

stjohnprovidence.org

University of Tennessee

The University of Tennessee's Medical Center, located in the city of Knoxville, offers a two-year accredited program in radiology. Students are taught diagnosis and treat medical conditions, operate image scanning technology and perform diagnostic examinations. Students gain hands-on experience in area hospitals and clinics, and have access to the hospital's research library and laboratories. Upon graduation, students must take and pass the national radiology certification examination before pursuing a career in radiology.

University of Tennessee Medical Center

1924 Alcoa Highway

Knoxville, TN  37920

865-305-9005

utmedicalcenter.org

Nassau Community College

Nassau Community College, in Garden City, NY, offers a two-year associate degree program in applied science and radiologic technology. This program emphasizes a strong radiology curriculum, along with hands-on work experience in area hospitals, clinics and medical offices. Students also receive training in the latest image scanning technology, and learn to work closely with patients in the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. All graduates must pass the national certification exam given by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists.

Nassau Community College

1 Education Drive

Garden City, NY 11530

516-572-7550

ncc.edu

Tags: John Hospital, Community College, experience area, image scanning, image scanning technology, Medical Center

Swimming Pool Fence Laws Bremerton Washington

Children may sneak into a pool without safety gear.

Striving to protect small children, the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission urges homeowners and pool operators to adopt a minimum standard height of at least 48 inches for any protective pool barrier. Does this Spark an idea?

Washington State Code

The city of Bremerton, Washington has swimming pool fence laws that are spelled out within Chapter 246-260-031(4) of the Washington Administrative Code and are the same statewide. It is enforced by the state of Washington, and no local legislation supersedes this state law. Additionally, no federal law is in force regarding protective pool barriers.

Chain Link Mesh

The law requires close attention to chain link fencing, with openings limited to less than 1 and ¼ inch. "Existing chain link mesh size may be reduced by the addition of slats fastened at the top or bottom of the fence," advises the Washington State Department of Health. The goal is to stop children from gaining a foothold for climbing.

Vertical Spacing

Vertical spacing is also very important in the Washington state law, with spaces between slats not allowed to exceed 4 inches. That number is the same for the maximum amount of space acceptable between the ground and the bottom of any barrier. Here, the goal is to discourage children from being able to slip between or climb under any swimming pool fencing.

Tags: Bremerton Washington, chain link, children from, protective pool, swimming pool, Washington State

Radiologic Technologist Online Schools

Radiologic technologists use imaging modalities to perform diagnostic imaging exams.

Radiologic technologists use imaging modalities that include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mammography and computed tomography (CT) to perform imaging exams that are used for diagnostic purposes. These schools offer online radiologic technologist programs that prepare students to enter the field of radiologic technology.

Distance Minnesota

Distance Minnesota has an online radiologic technology program where students earn an Associate of Applied Science degree at graduation. This program prepares students for entry into the field as a technologist by teaching them perform a variety of radiologic procedures such as positioning patients and developing radiographic imaging. This program also prepares students to take the registry examination upon completion of the program. Students in this associate's degree program are required to take courses that include medical terminology, introduction to radiologic technology and patient care, fundamental computer concepts and legal and ethical issues in radiologic technology. Students will also be required to take other classes that include human anatomy and physiology, general psychology and fundamental concepts in physics.

Distance Minnesota

P.O. Box 309

Perham, MN 56573

651-556-0596

distance.minnesota.edu

Clarion University

Clarion University has an online radiologic technologist program that does not lead to a degree. This program is specifically designed as a prerequisite program for students who wish to enroll in a radiologic technology program at a hospital. Students are able to complete this program either before or during their hospital-based program. All required courses can be taken completely online and students will be required to take five general education courses in this program that include writing, mathematics, general psychology, basic biology and application of microcomputers.

Clarion University

840 Wood Street

Clarion, PA 16214

814-393-1601

clarion.edu

University of Louisiana at Monroe

The University of Louisiana at Monroe offers an online program in radiologic technology. Students who pursue this program will earn a Bachelor of Science degree upon graduation. Students who are registered as technologists with the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists can apply 54 hours toward their degree for having certification. Students who are enrolled in this program are required to complete courses that include fundamentals of medical imaging, ethics, diversity and law, methods of patients care, and imaging equipment and radiation production. Students will also take courses in radiographic procedures, radiographic exposure and digital imaging.

University of Louisiana at Monroe

700 University Avenue

Monroe, LA 71209

318-342-1000

ulm.edu

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Computers Used In Radiology

Computed radiography (CR) uses the same equipment as conventional radiography, but instead of using film, an image plate is used that is put through a CR reader to digitize the image. In this format the image can be viewed and enhanced with software, transmitted electronically and stored as electronic data.

Recent Developments in CR

Over the past 15 years, CR technology has evolved from a concept to a reality with great promise for the future. Radiographic imaging relies on the use of computers today for computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) scanners and CR readers. Developments in computed radiography provide today's digital technology with enhanced images, rapid transmission of information for remote viewing and consultation, and electronic storage systems that hold more information than ever before.

Film vs. Digital Images

Film images can be digitized, but they still require chemical processing and the use of darkrooms. Right now this adds steps to the process. The future of radiography will be a hybrid between film-based systems and computed/digital radiograpy. With the quality of digital images fast approaching that of film, digital images are now being used to electronically distribute and store these images, and will be used much more widely in the future.

CR Hardware

CR hardware depends upon one or more central processing units (CPU), main and secondary memory devices, data transfer devices and a network interface. Memory devices consist of a large number of integrated circuits that store needed information. Communication pathways for a CR digital imaging system is much like our central nervous system. Image data is sent along specific routes to various network components. A picture archiving and communication system (PACS) network stores a database of images that users can retrieve and display on medical imaging software.

CR Software

Special software is required to operate CR hardware. The CPU relies on instructions from the computer's operating system. In addition, software is required to manage specific functions such as database access, graphics and digital imaging processing. Other software programs are needed to edit data, link to the data library and translate written programs into computer code. Each of these functions requires specific software. CR imaging relies on software as much as hardware.

The Future: Smaller, Portable and More Efficient CR Systems

Over the course of its development, CR hardware, like hardware in other industries, has become much smaller. The smaller more compact systems save valuable space in the laboratory, and reduce the need for darkrooms. And CR systems are becoming more attractive because the radiation dose, which was once several times that of screen/film techniques, is now comparable.

The next phase of the CR revolution will take place through the use of handheld computers. Personal digital assistants (PDAs) have many features that make it an ideal tool for radiologists and healthcare providers. They provide a platform for real-time review of patient data. Newer PDAs now have display characteristics much like low-resolution computer monitors. PDAs use can improve work flow and efficiency for the radiologist; including improved personal information management, access to educational materials, and remote access to radiology-related information systems. There is still a lack of PDA software for radiology compared to software other medical specialties. More powerful PDAs with better displays and more radiology-specific software applications, will likely lead to wider use by radiologists in the future.

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