A prenatal paternity test determines the paternal relationship before a child is born. Just like in standard paternity testing, prenatal paternity testing compares the DNA of the alleged father and child.
Benefits of Prenatal Paternity Testing
If there is any doubt as to whom the father of a child is, a paternity test is recommended to be done as soon as possible. Establishing paternity plays an important factor in ensuring a child's wellbeing and legal rights. Paternity testing allows access to legal and social benefits, including Veterans, social security and inheritance benefits. Paternity testing also provides an accurate medical history for the child, which gives healthcare providers insight during diagnosis and while maintaining the child's health.
Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis is a test that can be performed within the second trimester of pregnancy (14 to 20 weeks). An ultrasound is used to guide a thin needle into the uterus, through the abdomen. The needle draws amniotic fluid, which is then used for testing. There are some risks that may involved with this procedure, including cramping, vaginal bleeding, a small chance of harming the baby, miscarriage and leaking of amniotic fluid.
Chorionic Villus Sampling
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a test that can be done in the earlier stages of pregnancy, at 10-13 weeks. An ultrasound is used to guide a thin needle into the vagina and through the cervix to obtain chorionic villi, which are pieces of tissue attached to the uterus.
Risk of Prenatal Paternity Testing
Prenatal paternity testing involves some risk, depending on which type of test is conducted. Amniocentesis and CVS are frequently discouraged for the sole reason of paternity because they increase the risk of miscarriage. However, paternity testing done after the baby is born involves no known risks.
Where to go for Prenatal Paternity Testing
There are many paternity testing and DNA testing facilities throughout the country. Before choosing a facility, make sure that it is accredited by the American Association of Blood Banks. The official paternity test of the American Pregnancy Association is the DNA Diagnostics Center.
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Physical changes in pregnancy can create stretch marks in the abdomen.
Stretch marks, those bright red and purple streaks that can occur on the skin, may appear to be a cause for concern but are actually harmless and fade over time. They usually are found on the abdomen, breasts, upper arms, buttocks and thighs. Although pregnancy is a common contributor to the development of stretch marks, men and adolescents can also develop stretch marks. Does this Spark an idea?
Symptoms
According to the staff at the Mayo Clinic, "Signs and symptoms of stretch marks include indented streaks or lines in the skin, multiple pink, red or purple streaks, bright streaks that fade to light pink, white or grayish color." The color and visibility of stretch marks depends on the natural coloring of the skin. Stretch marks commonly appear on the abdomen, breasts, upper arms, buttocks and thighs.
Development
The skin is made of three layers: the epidermis (outer layer), the dermis (middle layer) and the subcutaneous stratum (innermost layer). Although stretch marks appear to be red or purple streaks in the epidermis, the marks actually begin in the dermis. As the dermis is stretched beyond its natural elasticity, fibers break and microscopic bleeding occurs. The tissue becomes inflamed and darkens in color. At the same time, the epidermis also stretches and becomes translucent making the dark marks in the dermis more visible. The dark streaks do fade over time.
Causes
Stretch marks are caused by stretching the layers of the skin beyond their natural elasticity, and can develop as a result of a variety of conditions associated with rapid changes in weight. Pregnancy is most commonly connected with stretch marks, and 75 to 90 percent of pregnant women develop stretch marks during their pregnancy. Rapid physical changes during adolescence can cause stretch marks, and building muscle quickly through weight lifting can also cause stretch marks on the arms and shoulders. The Mayo Clinic also attributes stretch marks to the use of corticosteroid creams, lotions and pills, chronic steroid use and Cushing's syndrome.
Treatment
Stretch marks, although aesthetically unpleasing, are harmless and do not require medical treatment. Several treatments are available, but none are completely effective at removing stretch marks. Tretinoin cream (Retin-A, Renova) can lessen the appearance of stretch marks that are less than six weeks old. Pulsed dye laser therapy and Fractional photothermolysis are laser therapies that stimulate the production of collagen and elastin, proteins that give skin its elastic properties. Microdermabrasion removes the skin's topmost layer to stimulate new skin growth and is recommended for older stretch marks. Excimer laser therapy stimulates melanin production in order to increase pigmentation so that older stretch marks appear the same color as the surrounding skin.
Prevention
Stretch marks cannot be completely, effectively treated, nor can they be completely prevented. Creams and oils can help, and they feel nice, but they don't prevent stretch marks. "The best way to reduce the likelihood of a stretch mark's occurrence," advises the staff at the Mayo Clinic, "is to maintain a healthy weight, which has numerous other benefits. And even though it is inevitable and completely normal that a pregnant woman gains weight over a relatively brief period of time, she can work with her doctor to minimize that gain by maintaining a proper diet and pursuing a suitable exercise program."
While a variety of liver problems can occur, the symptoms for various liver problems are mostly the same. You might experience yellowing of the skin, abdominal pain, abdominal swelling, itchiness, urine that is dark and stools that are pale, bloody stools, exhaustion, nausea and a loss of appetite. A doctor can diagnose the condition and help the patient get started on a treatment plan that might cure the liver problem.
Liver Failure
Liver failure is a medical emergency. Toxemia can occur as toxins build up in the body. The only cure for liver failure is a liver transplant, as the patient will need a new liver. Fortunately, the liver is the only organ that is able to regenerate itself, and a relative can donate part of his liver. Livers from relatives are preferred because they are more genetically similar to a person's own liver.
Cyst
Liver cysts are small sacs of fluid found on the liver. They are mostly harmless, but sometimes they grow large enough to cause pain and bile duct infection. When this occurs, they are surgically removed. If they become infected, the infection can be treated with antibiotics.
Fatty Liver
Livers can accumulate too much fat and can become inflamed. When this happens, liver damage can occur, which can result in the usual symptoms found in liver problems. Fatty liver is cured by the patient losing weight and avoiding alcohol.
Cancer
Tumors can develop on the liver that can be benign or malignant. Given the liver's location in the body, the liver is the most likely place for cancers from other parts of the body to spread. Liver cancer is cured through surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and liver transplants.
Bile Duct Obstruction
The duct that connects the liver to the gallbladder is sometimes obstructed. Blockage is usually caused by infections that cause inflammation in the bile duct. The blockage is usually cured using surgery.
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
Focal nodular hyperplasia involves scar tissue covering the liver and sometimes causing pain. This disease is usually not a problem, but might cause complications with a female patient if she tries to get pregnant. Pregnancy can cause a rupture of the liver. Surgery may be used to remove the scar tissue. Usually, treatment is avoided because there is always a potential for dangerous complications during a surgery.
Tags: liver problems, bile duct, cure liver, found liver, scar tissue
Parenchyma are the parts of organs that are essential for function.
Parenchymal density is a medical term referring to tissue density of an organ, as well as a biological term used for the functioning parts of a plant or animal. It is used when analyzing tests that are performed on organs, such as mammogram exams.
Parenchyma
The parenchyma of an organ refers to the essential functioning parts of an organ and not to supporting tissues, such as fat or connective tissues. For example, the muscle of the heart is a parenchyma, but the blood vessels of the heart are not.
Parenchymal Density
Some medical tests use parenchymal density to determine if the organ has been affected by disease. For example, the parenchymal density of breast tissue has been shown to be a factor in the development of breast cancer.
Density Definition
The density of parenchyma refers to the amount of parenchymal tissue per volume unit. Denser parenchymal tissue can affect the accuracy of tests such as mammograms by obscuring lesions.
If you are interested in a career in the medical field, have good communication skills, and are able to treat people in a courteous, compassionate manner, you may be suited for a job as a Radiology Technician.
Instructions
1. Know what you will be required of you. If you get a job as a Radiology Technician, you will be working as an assistant to a Radiologist. RADIOLOGY TECHNICIANS work most frequently in hospitals and diagnostic imaging centers. They usually work a forty hour week though may be required to work weekends and holidays or even be on call for emergencies. Radiology Technicians must be physically fit as they must stand for long hours as well as lifting and positioning patients. Prospects for employment are good as demands for qualified technicians are increasing rapidly.
2. Understand the RESPONSIBILITIES of Radiology Technicians. They vary depending on level of education and years of experience. These responsibilities may include preparing and positioning the patient, explaining the process, placing the film, taking x-rays, and developing the films. These films are essential for the correct diagnosis of medial problems. Responsibilities would also include adjusting the x-ray machines, and conforming to all regulations required to protect the patient and others in the area from excessive exposure to radiation. Radiology Technicians are responsible for the maintenance of their equipment, record data obtained, and keep patient records.
3. Learn what additional duties there may be. More EXPERIENCED RADIOLOGY TECHNICIANS have additional duties such as the preparation of contrast mediums which are administered orally to the patient in order that tests will show soft body tissue. By taking more advanced training courses and acquiring more experience, a Radiology Technician will take on greater responsibility and be considered for advancement.
4. Understand what training you will need. If you wish TO TRAIN AS A RADIOLOGY TECHNICIAN, you must first graduate from High School. It would be advantageous if your courses had included sciences such as chemistry and physics as well as mathematics. You would then take a 1 to 4 year course which would include both coursework and clinical experience. Depending on the length of the course you took you would receive a Certificate, an Associate degree, or a Bachelor's degree. Most Radiology Technicians today have at least an Associate Degree. Additional training will enable students to specialize either in Computed Tomography (CT Scans), Mammography, or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
5. Look into training facilities. TRAINING COURSES are offered by Colleges, Universities, and Hospitals. Training covers a myriad of subjects, including anatomy, pathology, radiation technology and protection. Once you have graduated, you are eligible to take the certification exam. CERTIFICATION is not essential in all areas, but it is definitely preferred. Obtaining your certification will greatly improve your opportunity for employment.
6. Learn more. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION regarding training, contact your local College or University. If you get a job as a Radiology Technician, you will be a highly respected and responsible member of the medical community.
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A radiology technician must have good people skills.
Radiology technicians are responsible for administering patient X-rays, CT scans and MRIs. This is highly technical work that always requires formal education and, in some states, a license to practice. Formal education, however, is only part of what it takes be a radiology technician. The demands of the job require physical stamina and the ability to work well with patients and hospital staff on a daily basis.
The Facts
Although some degree of formal education is a firm requirement, the path you choose can vary from a certificate program to a bachelor's degree. If you already have formal education and training in a field of healthcare such as nursing, a certificate program may be appropriate, while a desire to specialize or rise to a supervisory position may require a bachelor's degree. However, the most common educational path starts with a two year associate degree, acording to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Educational Requirements
If you are still in high school, a good way to begin preparing for a career as a radiology technician is by following a college preparatory program that includes math, physics, chemistry and biology. Post high school education requirements depend on whether you choose a two or four year program and differ concerning the number of general education requirements, available electives and opportunities for specialized training in areas of radiology such as ultrasound, imaging or radiation therapy.
Associate Degree
Coursework is a combination of classroom and clinical training. An associate degree program focuses on developing skills necessary to enter the field, including training in patient care, ethics and safety procedures, equipment operation and techniques, biology, physics and anatomy as they relate to radiology. A number of classes are clinical with training in a hospital lab setting.
Bachelor's Degree
A bachelor's degree program, in addition to focusing on essential training and skill development, also offers specialized instruction in the use of equipment such as magnetic resonance, mammography and ultrasound machines. Coursework may also include specialized instruction in the theory and practice oncology radiation and cancer management in radiology as well as department supervision and staff management courses.
Licensing/Certification Requirements
Many states require that you take and pass a state licensing exam before becoming a practicing radiology technician. Some states have their own exam but most use the services of The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists certification exam. You can find licensing requirements for your state by contacting your state board of health. In addition to state licensing exams, the AART offers a voluntary certification exam that enables you to add the registered technologist credential, "RT," after your name. Maintaining the "RT" credential requires annual registration and the completion of 24 continuing education credits every two years.
In its most basic form, photography is the act of capturing the light reflected off an object and recording it on paper or another material. Therefore, the quality of a photograph is largely determined by the amount of light that reaches the camera's light sensor. Both digital and film cameras use a light sensor to determine how much light is needed to create an adequately exposed image. The sensitivity setting of a camera's light sensor is called its ISO, named for the International Organization for Standardization that standardized the light-sensitivity measurement.
ISO Options in Digital Cameras
Many fully automatic all-in-one (also called "point and shoot") digital cameras come with a preset ISO of 100 that can't be changed. Digital single lens reflex (SLR) cameras, which often have manual and automatic settings, have an ISO that can be adjusted. In these cameras, you can adjust the ISO to a higher number in order to increase light sensitivity, which is ideal for darker conditions, or you can adjust it to a lower number to avoid over-exposure to light in bright conditions.
Higher ISO
Turning your camera's ISO setting up will allow you to take pictures in lower-light conditions, such as inside a building, because the light sensor will be more sensitive to the limited amount of available light. However, shooting with a higher ISO setting will also result in lower picture quality. You may also need to use a tripod to avoid blurred objects in the photograph if you are using a higher ISO.
Lower ISO
Lowering your camera's ISO setting will allow you to take pictures in bright conditions, such as a sunny day at the beach, by making the light sensor less sensitive to light and less likely to result in overexposed pictures. If you are using a lower ISO, however, you must make sure that the conditions are bright enough to warrant it. Otherwise, the image may be underexposed and the photograph will be too dark.
Other Considerations
Although a digital camera's ISO setting plays a big part in making sure that a photograph is properly exposed, there are other settings to take into consideration as well. The camera's aperture setting, which determines how much light reaches the light sensor by widening or narrowing the hole through which light reaches it, will also affect the photo's exposure. Another important setting is the camera's shutter speed, which determines how long the camera's shutter will remain open; a higher shutter speed will allow less light to reach the sensor, while a lower speed will allow the sensor to remain exposed for a longer period.
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Cholesterol is produced by the body and obtained from foods such as egg yolks, meat, poultry, seafood, and dairy products. Cholesterol is essential to healthy body functioning; however, too much LDL (low density lipoproteins) cholesterol can clog arteries and lead to health risks. There are several ways to lower LDL cholesterol levels including eating the right food, exercising, taking certain supplements and if needed, prescription medications.
Instructions
1. Reduce bad cholesterol by 15 to 20 percent by avoiding or limiting foods high in cholesterol and fat. Foods that increase LDL levels include fatty meats, sausages, duck, whole milk, sweets and pastries, egg yolks, butter, cheese, many oils, and shrimp.
2. Engage in regular exercise. A study published in The Journal of Lipid Research confirmed that women who exercise at a moderate level decrease LDL cholesterol levels. The same benefits were not reported for men. The exercise can be as simple as walking for 30 minutes a day several times a week.
3. Add cinnamon to your diet. Cinnamon is a thermogenic that helps regulate blood sugar. It lowers LDL cholesterol and helps create balance in the body. Sprinkle cinnamon on food or use to flavor drinks.
4. Begin each day with a bowl of oatmeal or oat bran. Include other foods high in soluble fiber during other meals, such as pears, apples, kidney beans, barley, psyllium, and prunes. Soluble fiber reduces LDL cholesterol by reducing the amount of cholesterol absorbed by the intestines.
5. Increase the amount of omega-3 fatty acids in your diet. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids naturally lower cholesterol levels, reduce the risk of blood clots and reduce blood pressure. Mackerel, sardines, albacore tuna, lake trout and salmon are excellent sources of omega-3. For the best results, the fish should be grilled or broiled instead of fried.
6. Eat more walnuts and almonds. These nuts satisfy cravings, reduce hunger and reduce blood cholesterol. The Food and Drug Administration reports that eating 1.5 ounces a day can provide significant benefits.
7. Take prescription medications if prescribed by your doctor. There are several cholesterol lowering medications on the market today. Some of these medications lower cholesterol from heredity and food sources.
Frenzied fans gathered at Big Day Out, one of Australia's premier festivals.
Ever since Men At Work proudly proclaimed to "come from a land Down Under" in their '80s heyday, Australia has justifiably enjoyed a reputation as an exotic, show business destination. For musicians willing to dedicate their time, Australian success offers the chance to find their footing in an Asian-Pacific music market that only looks certain to grow. Not surprisingly, the routes to greater recognition vary as greatly as the bands pursuing them--all of them requiring a certain amount of luck and timing.
Instructions
The Traditional Route
1. Enlist a well-known musician as your patron. Australian alternative rock band, You Am I, toiled in obscurity for five years until Sonic Youth guitarist Lee Ranaldo saw them perform in 1993 at Big Day Out, one of Australia's major festivals. This led to a Ranaldo-produced album, "Sound As Ever," and several American tours that did not yield a breakout hit, but boosted their profile considerably.
2. Enter a contest, which can raise the winner's profile beyond whatever success they earn locally. In 1994, teen grunge rockers Silverchair broke by winning "Pick Me," a competition co-sponsored by the "Nomad" TV show, and alternative radio station Triple J. The prize included a video and recording of the song "Tomorrow", which spent six weeks at #1 on the Australian charts that summer. Using that success, Silverchair scored a three-album deal with Sony Music, enabling them to reach a wider international audience.
3. Build a "buzz," or anticipation among music lovers--as the Vines did in 2001, when "New Musical Express" named their first 45, "Factory," as "Single of the Week." The accolade meant little until their debut album, "Highly Evolved," spun off several more hits and sold 1.5 million copies worldwide. "Rolling Stone" rewarded the Vines with an October 2002 cover story, the first Australian band to land one since Men At Work, in 1983.
4. Approach a name manager and booking agency to represent you--after building the buzz and the fan base that goes with it. This factor is crucial, because the logistics of touring Australia are so daunting--since there are only five major cities, often spread hundreds of miles apart. Working with professionals who know the market is crucial.
5. If enough fans want to see your band, apply for passports and visas, which are required for entry. Consult the relevant consulate or immigration office about work permits, which are often mandated for non-citizens looking to earn money in the country. Allow at least two to three months' lead time for processing before any tour starts.
The International Route
6. Use television to raise your profile. In October 1977, Blondie scored when its video for "In The Flesh," was mistakenly played on "Countdown," a popular chart show of the time. This error led to a successful Australian tour in December. Similarly, in fall 2008, Vietnamese soul singer Thanh Bùi made a memorable impression as the first Asian contestant on the reality TV show, "Australian Idol." Bùi did not make the final round, but his performances were credited with building a loyal, ardent fan base.
7. Lobby for a prime spot at major international fairs or trade festivals--something that several performers, led by singer-songwriter Henry James, did in the fall of 2008. The group went to Spain for the first World Music Expo, or WOMEX, where they networked with other music professionals. If you go this route, realize that all the financing comes out of your pocket. If you seek to perform, you still need a booking agent's or manager's connections to pull that wish off.
8. Lay the groundwork for an eventual American tour, which will beckon if the numbers add up. A good example is Eskimo Joe, who leveraged 150,000 in album sales into a bidding war. The band signed a deal that came unstuck, but regrouped by hiring a new manager and trekking back to America for special industry showcases. Eskimo Joe eventually signed a better deal that aided further American touring without the financial hindrances that usually cripple Australian bands.
9. Consider working with international touring companies to ease life on the road. This works both ways, depending on the company's expertise with the American or Australian markets. Your agent or manager can negotiate with the company to get a break on its fees, particularly if you can show a strong track record. Another good resource is Austrade, the special cultural exchange office set up by the government.
Tags: agent manager, deal that, fall 2008, since Work
Many factors interact to pose involuntary weight loss concerns for cancer patients. Nausea, vomiting and altered sense of taste can cause cancer patients to decrease their caloric intake. Additionally, cancerous tumors cause changes in metabolism that make cancer patients lose lean muscle tissue and fat stores. Maintaining a healthy weight during cancer treatment can help patients feel better and withstand the side effects of therapy. Read on to learn prevent weight loss during cancer treatment.
Instructions
1. Plan menus and shop for food in advance. Your interest level in buying and preparing food can decrease as treatment progresses. Enlist the help of friends or family if you lose interest in shopping or preparing food.
2. Consume small meals and snacks frequently rather than the standard three meals a day. Large meals stimulate the release of greater amounts of stomach acids, which can trigger nausea.
3. Ask your doctor about liquid meal replacements when you are unable to tolerate solids. Your doctor can recommend high protein brands that increase your energy level, prevent weight loss and help your body build new tissue.
4. Increase the protein and calorie content of foods by adding gravies, butter or powdered milk. For example, prepare mashed potatoes with powdered whole milk and butter. Add powdered milk to puddings and milkshakes.
5. Substitute dairy foods and tofu for meat. Many cancer patients express an aversion to meat during cancer treatment, so substituting bland high-protein foods can prevent protein malnourishment.
6. Drink liquids between or after meals to prevent filling up on low calorie beverages. Choose liquids that offer nutritional value over the empty calories of soda or sweetened beverages. Drink milk, 100 percent fruit juice and broth.
Tags: cancer patients, butter powdered, butter powdered milk, cancer treatment, during cancer, During Cancer Treatment
To keep your health in tip-top shape, the Centers for Disease Control recommend that a woman receive a pap smear and exam once each calendar year. A pap test detects certain cancers and infections of the cervix. Scheduling your pap test at the right time and avoiding certain chemicals can help ensure an accurate test.
The Pap Procedure
The pap smear--a simple test that involves a visual inspection and tissue swab of the cervix--is a critical procedure that is painless and can be lifesaving in some instances. The health care provider will note any abnormalities she observes. A quick swab of the cervix with what looks like a Q-tip takes only seconds. The sample is transferred onto a glass slide that will be evaluated under a powerful microscope by a lab technician.
The lab's evaluation of your cervical tissue sample will note the existence and severity of any abnormal cells, if present. These abnormal cells are often precancerous and, in severe cases, can indicate that a patient has cervical cancer.
HPV and Cervical Cancer
Pap smears also test for the presence of the sexually transmitted disease HPV, or the human papillomavirus, which can lead to cervical cancer in infected patients. While HPV is common, patients who test positive for the virus must be monitored closely with more frequent pap smears. Cervical cancer is treatable and often cured when caught early.
Scheduling a Pap Test
The best time to schedule a pap smear is 10 to 20 days after your menstrual period. You should never schedule a pap smear during your period because your cervix changes to allow blood and tissue out of your uterus, making it hard for the doctor to visually inspect your cervix and difficult for lab technicians to evaluate any samples.
Preparing for Your Test
If you douche frequently, you must refrain from doing so for 72 hours before your pap test. Douching can alter the pH of your vagina and cause incorrect or inconclusive results for your pap smear.
You also should not use any vaginal creams, suppositories, sprays or ointments for a few days before your test. The application of chemicals to your vagina also can affect the results of your pap.
Other Considerations
Do not use a tampon within three days of your pap smear. While your test ideally should be done in the 10- to 20-day window after your period, don't use a tampon for any reason during this time. Also, if you're using tampons for anything other than menstrual fluid, you run a high risk of infection; tampons should only be used for menstrual flow.
You should refrain from having sex for three days before your pap. Intercourse, like other vaginal insertions, can affect the outcome of your test results.
Tags: your test, before your, abnormal cells, after your, before your test
Corticosteroids are a type of strong prescription drug used to treat a variety of conditions, including allergic reactions, asthma, arthritis and some types of cancer. Corticosteroids work similarly to hormones that occur naturally in the body and function to alleviate inflammation. There are many types of corticosteroids available, including betnesol. Despite its effectiveness, betnesol is not for everyone as it presents several risks for side effects and complications in some patients.
Common Side Effects
The most common side effects of betnesol are similar to those of most corticosteroids. Many patients taking betnesol describe an increase in appetite, which can lead to weight gain. In addition, patients also frequently report indigestion after meals. Also, many patients taking betnesol tablets experience feelings of restlessness.
Other Side Effects
Betnesol also has the potential to cause a number of other troublesome or annoying, but not dangerous, side effects. Some people experience gastrointestinal side effects from the drug, such as nausea and hiccups, while women sometimes experience changes in their menstruation such as fewer periods or heavy bleeding. The drug can also cause depression, anxiety, confusion and forgetfulness in rare instances. Betnesol can also affect the skin, making it bruise easier or become discolored. Excessive sweating and increased hair growth are also possible side effects.
Drug Interactions
There are some medications that produce unwanted side effects when used in conjunction with betenol. For instance, betenol enhances the action of drugs used to thin the blood, which can cause uncontrollable bleeding in some instances. Using diuretics and beta antagonists can lead to a drop in blood potassium levels or hypokalemia. Complications of hypokalemia include irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure and paralysis.
Risks
In addition to minor side effects and the risk of interactions, betnesol has the potential to cause serious medical complications. Because betensol raises blood sugar levels, it has the potential to cause the onset of Type 2 diabetes in patients at risk for the disease. Betnesol also suppresses the immune system, which increases the risk of developing a number of infections such as chickenpox or measles. Like other corticosteroids, betnesol increases the likelihood of stroke and can contribute to the development of a medical condition called Cushing's Syndrome. In rare instances, it causes suicidal thoughts and delusions.
Considerations
You should not discontinue betnesol usage suddenly as doing so may result in damage to your adrenal glands. Because of the potential for serious infection, it is important that you visit your doctor if you experience any signs of illness while taking betnesol. The drug can cause low birth weights and typically is avoided during pregnancy. If you are nursing, you should not take betnesol as the drug is passed through breast milk.
Poor reception makes it difficult to listen to a radio broadcast or communicate on a two-way radio. The signal strength of the reception depends on the power output of the station and the device receiving the signal. If you transmit or receive radio signals, use a bilateral amplifier to boost the power of the signal in both directions. Using an amplified device, however, requires notification or permission from the Federal Communications Commission.
Bilateral Amplifiers
A bilateral amplifier improves the spread spectrum radio frequency in the range of 902 to 928 megahertz. The amplifier improves both the transmitted and received radio signals. The power boost takes place at the antenna preventing any power loss that might otherwise take place. When the amplifier transmits, it typically generates one to five watts of power. This dramatically extends the range of the spread spectrum radio. A bilateral amplifier can also reduce harmonic output and intercept points from other transmissions.
The Process
Most bilateral amplifiers have the same basic components, an amplifier mounted near or on the antenna, a diplexer and the power supply. The amplified power comes from the power supply and passes through the signal cable to the antenna. The amplifier separates the signal from the power and uses it to increase the receiving and transmitting ability of the antenna. Some bilateral amplifiers can also receive direct power without using a diplexer.
Bilateral Amplifiers
A bilateral amplifier increases the power of a signal by taking power from an energy source and controlling the output to match the input signal. The amplifiers specification dictates the input and output properties and the resulting power gain for the device. The rate of oscillation for radio frequency is between 30 kilohertz and 300 gigahertz. This corresponds to the frequency of electric signals used to receive and transmit radio waves. The power produced by the amplifier must also have strict controls because the increased energy can cause a lot of interference.
FCC Compliance
The FCC strictly regulates devices that amplify antenna systems. Any system not part of a FCC Certified System is prohibited from use in the United States. Additionally, the FCC requires that when you purchase a bilateral amplifier, you certify the purpose of the purchase and your intended use for the amplifier. You cannot use a bilateral amplifier to transmit unlicensed radio frequency or override any of the regulations established by the FCC.
A torn muscle in the shoulder can cause extreme pain and result in limiting the activity of the arm. Ice packs and analgesics are used to treat continuous and excruciating pain in the shoulder that results in the inability to move the arm.
Causes
Causes of shoulder muscle tear are aging and a sudden movement or repeated movements of the shoulders during bodybuilding, a sporting activity or athletic activity.
Types
Type of shoulder pain include the deltoid shoulder muscle tear, the rotator cuff injury and shoulder impingement.
Deltoid Muscle Tear
A deltoid muscle tear results in the sudden tightening of the shoulder. The arm cannot be used. There is mild to severe pain and swelling and the patient feels a sudden shooting pain when the arm is moved accidentally.
Rotator Cuff Injury
This injury causes difficulties in moving the arm. The patient may feel an immediate pain or a delayed pain. The pain will be in the form of a dull ache or a sharp shooting pain when the arm is moved. The patient will feel weak and the patient cannot sleep on the side of the shoulder with the muscle tear.
Shoulder Impingement
The shoulder muscle catches every time the arm is moved. Each movement of the arm causes increased pain and swelling.
Tags: muscle tear, shoulder muscle, pain swelling, pain when, pain when moved, shooting pain, shooting pain when
The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys and produce the hormones cortisol, DHEA, progesterone, estrogen and testosterone. According to Women to Women, adrenal fatigue can occur when an individual is under great stress and result in symptoms, such as fatigue, insomnia, weight changes, depression, hair loss and other undesirable effects that have an impact on the life of an individual suffering from adrenal fatigue. Adrenal fatigue can be attacked naturally through certain lifestyle changes. There are a number of foods that can be consumed or avoided, which will aid adrenal gland function.
Go Gluten-gree
Dr. Marcellle Pick states that many women with adrenal fatigue are sensitive to gluten, a protein found in many grains and used as an additive in foods. Eliminating gluten from the diet may help to fight adrenal fatigue and improve the performance of adrenal glands.
Cut Back on Sugars
Sweet foods provide short-term energy that end in a crash producing extreme fatigue. Refined sugars and flours produce a false surge of energy and are often eaten by women in times of stress. Decreasing the number of foods consumed with refined sugar and flour may help adrenal function.
Avoid Caffeine
Caffeine provides a burst of energy but can be harmful to adrenal glands. Caffeine puts a great deal of stress on adrenal glands that can lead to adrenal fatigue. Individuals hoping to improve their adrenal gland functioning should avoid caffeine.
Iodized Sea Salt
While excessive salt consumption is not healthy, adding a small amount of iodized sea salt to a diet may be good for adrenal gland functioning. Individuals suffering from adrenal fatigue may have low blood pressure and sea salt will help this problem.
Nutrient Dense Foods
Appropriate intake of vitamins and minerals is essential to adrenal gland functioning. Eating foods that have a high nutrient content can help to improve adrenal gland functioning. Fruits, vegetable, lean meats, fish and poultry are good choices.
Computer technicians are the backbone of the information technology industry. Technicians can repair, rebuild and restructure individual computers in addition to performing basic computer networking. This career field comes with its own set of specific educational requirements.
Education
A computer technician job typically requires an undergraduate degree in addition to a technical certification. The most common entry level technician certifications are CompTIA A+, N+ and Security+ (see Resources below).
Types of Training
Employers hiring computer technicians prefer to hire individuals who have had some type of hands-on, real world training. Most employers will consider a technical internship as a substitute for hands-on experience.
Investment
Computer technicians should be prepared to invest at least $10,000 and anywhere into the hundred of thousands (if pursuing a bachelor's degree) on their education prior to entering the field.
Continuring Education
Computer technicians should be prepared to continually update certifications and training as technology improves and changes. Many certifications will expire after a pre-determined amount of time and require renewal.
References
In addition to education and hands-on experience, it's important to have good references from past employers as well as your instructors.
Tags: Computer technicians, Computer technicians should, hands-on experience, should prepared, technicians should, technicians should prepared
To complete an accurate medical transcript at home, usage of the proper equipment is necessary. While the ways of transcribing vary, the end result will always be the same.
Hardware
To begin transcribing, you must own a computer with up-to-date anti-virus software, and a printer. A fax machine and scanner would be beneficial to own, but are not necessary to be a transcriptionist.
Mini-Cassette Transcriber
Some doctors choose to go non-digital and dictate their records into a cassette recorder. In this case the transcriptionist must use a mini-cassette transcriber to listen to the tapes and transfer them onto a Microsoft Word document.
Digital Transcription
Many doctors dictate their records into a digital recorder. The file can then be downloaded onto a computer and sent to the transcriptionist via email. The file is listened to on the computer and transcribed into a Word document.
Software
To listen to digital recording, the medical transcriptionist must download a media player to hear the recordings accurately. The transcriptionist must also have a word-processing program such as Word or Word Perfect.
Reference Material
Included in all dictations will be the usage of medical terminology. To better understand the words you will be hearing, it is necessary to have a medical dictionary and a pharmaceutical guide to reference when needed.
Optional Equipment
Some optional equipment that may be purchased are the foot pedal and the headset. Having the foot pedal allows you to keep your hands on the keyboard without having to move them to pause and rewind the dictation. The headset allows you to hear the dictation more accurately without having any background noise.
Tags: transcriptionist must, dictate their, dictate their records, foot pedal, records into, their records, their records into
One of the careers open to Navy hospital corpsmen is radiologic (X-ray) technician.
U.S. Navy hospital corpsmen (medics) assist in delivering a wide variety of health care services. Many of them are trained technicians serving in a number of medical specialties. One of these is X-ray technology and imaging. There are two different levels of X-ray technician training available to hospital corpsmen, a basic course and one that is more advanced. Both training courses are held at the Naval School of Health Sciences (NSHS) in San Diego, California.
Prerequisites
The Navy offers both basic and advanced X-ray technician training.
Sailors hoping to receive X-ray technician training must be qualified hospital corpsmen (Navy rating HM). For HMs intending to become X-ray technicians, attendance at the basic course is the first step. In general, basic training is open to those HMs in pay grades E1 to E6. Advanced X-ray training is a separate course and is open to pay grades E3 to E7. Certain minimum aptitude test scores must be met. High school algebra is also required.
Considerations
Attendance at basic X-ray training is usually a prerequisite to receive advanced X-ray training.
Basic X-ray training is usually a prerequisite to qualify for the advanced X-ray course. An HM who successfully completes the basic course is awarded the Navy Enlisted Classification (NEC) of HM-8451. Advanced course graduates receive the HM-8452 code. The advanced course is quite a bit more involved and somewhat lengthier than the basic course. Generally, basic technicians have to attain advanced training within six years. If they don't, they revert to general duty hospital corpsman status.
The basic X-ray technician course trains HMs to operate limited medical X-ray equipment. It also teaches the HM how different X-ray techniques are applied in a clinical setting. In addition, she'll learn perform basic X-rays as well as process X-ray film. Academic courses will teach her how an X-ray is administered and how vital department records are maintained. Lastly, basic trainees learn read photodosimeter (radiation exposure) badges.
Advanced X-Ray Technician
Advanced X-ray technicians are trained to operate sophisticated diagnostic imaging equipment.
The advanced course teaches a student operate all diagnostic medical X-ray equipment. In addition, he receives training in the use and operation of an ultrasound apparatus, especially in a clinical setting. The advanced course attendee is taught work closely with physician radiologists. In this, he learns assist in fluoroscopic and computerized axial tomographic (CAT) exams. Other comprehensive training in special radiographic and vascular procedures is also given. Lastly, photodosimetry and administration is taught as well.
Features
The basic and advanced Navy X-ray technician training school is located in San Diego, California.
Basic and advanced X-ray training in the Navy is a mix of classroom and clinical experiences. Clinical training is conducted at the Naval Medical Center in San Diego. It takes place on the same compound as NSHS. Students are monitored closely throughout the training by education specialists at NSHS. In addition, they're mentored while in their clinical skills training portion.The opportunities for post-military employment are rated to be outstanding for both basic and advanced technicians.
Photographs, fingerprints and DNA are major elements in the work of a CSI.
Criminology and forensics have become increasingly popular fields of study since the debut of the hit television show "CSI: Crime Scene Investigation." As a beginner CSI in California, you might have duties such as collecting and preserving evidence from crime scenes, verifying fingerprint matches, preparing case reports and testifying in courts. Your exact duties may be highly specific, depending on your job and specialty; for example, you might be trained to spend the bulk of your time analyzing firearms or DNA evidence.
Likewise, the exact training you need depends on the type of job you seek (most jobs do not have the title of "CSI" but rather something like "Forensics Specialist" or "Latent Print Examiner" or "Forensics Scientist," depending on the jurisdiction and the job), but some requirements are relatively general in law enforcement agencies across California.
High School Diploma
Although most forensics jobs require a college degree, some are open to high school or GED graduates, especially if you have related experience (for example, as a police officer).
Bachelor's Degree in a Physical Science
You can get almost any entry-level CSI job with a bachelor's degree from an accredited college in one of the following majors: forensic science, chemistry, biology, or biochemistry. Any of those concentrations are acceptable for most entry-level positions as a forensics specialist in California. Other useful majors include criminology, criminal justice and the like, and more specific physical sciences such as pharmacology, microbiology or entomology.
Courses in Chemistry and Quantitative Analysis
Regardless of your major, make sure to take at least eight semesters of chemistry and three semesters of quantitative analysis, which will open the door to almost any CSI job. Other courses that will help you find work include statistics, genetics, biochemistry, and molecular biology. Take courses that include laboratory work, especially lab work in forensics.
Photography Skills
Being able to take effective photos at crime scenes is a basic skill for any CSI. Even a beginner course at your local community college can help; there are also books available about the craft of photographing physical evidence from crime scenes.
California Driver's License
Most forensics jobs in California require you to have a valid, local driver's license, especially jobs that require going to crime scenes. If you are applying for jobs that take place wholly in a laboratory, you might not need the driver's license.
California Criminalist Exam
Depending on the specific job you want, you might have to take the criminalist examination given by the California attorney general's office. The examination process includes a background check, medical exam and drug screening.
Tags: crime scenes, courses that, Crime Scene, driver license, evidence from, evidence from crime, forensics jobs
Nurses take continuing education courses to keep their skills and knowledge up to date.
Some states require nurses to complete continuing education credits during each license renewal cycle to keep their licenses in good standing. Some continuing education courses require students to complete tests at the end of each module or at the end of each course. If you want to pursue continuing education credits without taking assessment tests, try no-test continuing education for nurses.
Types
Licensing bodies grant continuing education credits for attending nursing seminars, presenting a lecture or poster at a conference, attending nursing workshops or publishing a paper in a nursing journal. None of these continuing education options requires nurses to complete a test to receive credits. Since each state has different continuing education requirements, check with your state nursing board to determine the acceptable types of continuing education units in your state.
Features
Courses that do not require testing may involve group participation or independent study. Group participation at workshops and seminars involves learning about health care and nursing in a professional environment. In addition to learning new skills and updating your health knowledge, you will have the opportunity to meet other nurses and network in a professional manner.
Independent study continuing education courses allow busy nurses to complete their required education units without traveling and spending time at group events. Some states limit the amount of independent study CEUs awarded to nurses. For example, Alabama only allows nurses to complete 12 of the 24 required CEUs independently, according to Nurse.com.
Benefits
This type of continuing education allows nurses to meet their requirements without the anxiety of test-taking. Nurses with learning disabilities that affect their test-taking abilities also benefit from no-test continuing education opportunities. Participating in some forms of no-test continuing education also gives busy nurses scheduling flexibility in completing the requirements to renew their licenses.
Disadvantages
Tests are a measurement of how well a nurse understands and remembers the material in a continuing education course. Without the test component, nurses may have difficulty recalling the information. Performing well on tests requires nurses to take good notes and study for exams. Without testing, participants may not pay close attention to the material, reducing the effectiveness of the educational opportunity.
Tips
Select an education opportunity that best fits your skills. If public speaking makes you nervous, try attending a nursing seminar or workshop. If you have strong writing skills, research and publish a paper in a nursing journal. Keep detailed records on the continuing education units you complete. If your state licensing board audits your continuing education, you must provide receipts, course manuals or other documents to prove that you completed the required units. The New Jersey Board of Nursing, for example, requires nurses to keep certificates of completion, copies of published articles, and copies of research study materials for four years after completing each continuing education opportunity.
A pap test, named for Dr. Georgios Papanikolaou, is a screening test used to check for abnormalities that may develop in the cervix. It is a simple, brief and non-invasive test that can be done during a routine gynecological examination.
Preparation
The Mayo Clinic advises that sex, douching, vaginal medications and spermicides should be avoided for the two days leading up to the test, and that the test should not be scheduled during a woman's period.
Location
Pap smears are performed in a clinical setting. The Mayo Clinic reports that a woman may be asked to partially or fully undress and then lie on an examination table, placing her feet in stirrups.
Features
A speculum (medical tool used to examine body cavities) is inserted into the vagina to help the examining doctor see the cervix. The speculum may be cold or cause a feeling of pressure, according to the Mayo Clinic. Typically, the test is not painful.
Sampling
The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) reports that the doctor cleanses the cervix with a cotton swab and then uses a brush and spatula or cotton swab to collect cells from the cervix. These are then tested in a laboratory.
Results
Women should ask their doctors when the results of their pap smears will be available. Based on the results, further testing may be required, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Tags: Mayo Clinic, according Mayo, according Mayo Clinic, cotton swab, reports that, test that
is a disease that has affected women for several thousand years. But the disease's origins remain a mystery. Medical scientists agree that because of the increased advocacy breast cancer study has received in the last 30 years, we are closer than ever to making the disease a thing of the past.
History of Breast Cancer
The Edwin Smith Papyrus, the oldest known medical document dating back to 1600 BC, describes an Egyptian physician attempting to cure a lump of the female breast with a tool known as "a fire drill." However, the Egyptian physician stated that there was not much hope for the procedure, and that experience showed the disease to be incurable.
Breast cancer is one of the oldest afflictions recorded to affect mankind. But, not until the 17th century did modern medicine begin to understand the disease and link the tumorous growths to the lymph nodes found within the breast and nearby lymphatic tissue in the armpits. In 1882, surgeon William Stewart Halsted began performing mastectomies as a means of curing breast cancer. But it would not be until the 1970s that popular literature and celebrity involvement started the real quest for understanding and ending this disease.
Historic Facts about Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a disease that one in 12 women around the world will experience sometime in their life. In the western societies, particularly the United States, this ratio is significantly higher. The highest at-risk age for contracting the disease is between 45 and 55 years old, but the greatest risk group for death from the disease is women over 60.
In the 1970s, the chance of surviving for five years after being diagnosed with breast cancer was approximately 70 percent. With advances in medicine and early detection, the survival rate has risen to over 90 percent.
Every three minutes in the United States a women is diagnosed with breast cancer; every 13 minutes a women will die of breast cancer in the United States.
Before the 1970s, many women would not come forward or seek treatment if they thought they had breast cancer because of a mistaken belief that there were no treatments for cancer.
Before the 1970s, women had almost no consent in the treatment of their disease. If a woman came in with suspicion of breast cancer, a doctor could put send her into surgery, knock her out and completely remove all of the breast tissue from the breast believed to be cancerous without any discussion with the patient. A woman could go in because of concerns and end up having a major procedure the same day.
Medicine still does not fully understand all of the causes of breast cancer.
Breast Cancer Advocacy Movement - 1st Wave
The 1970s marked a significant change in the way the world viewed breast cancer. So remarkable was the change in the way we viewed breast cancer that it is now known as the first wave of the breast cancer advocacy movement. The movement was begun partly as a response to literature that taught women about their bodies in ways that had not been done before (aiding them in making more informed decisions,) and partly because of celebrities making public their their own battles with the disease. First Lady of the United States Betty Ford was noted for her openness with her breast cancer battle. The result of the 1970s was to create the impression that there is no need to be embarrassed about having or try to hide breast cancer.
Breast Cancer Advocacy Movement - 2nd Wave
The second wave of the breast cancer advocacy movement began in the 1990s and was more political in nature. The message of the second movement was that having breast cancer is not okay--we must find a way to prevent it. No longer were people simply fighting to build awareness for the disease, they were instead proclaiming that the only reason breast cancer exists is the lack of effort to eliminate it. The second wave sought to influence law and medicine to seek better treatments and advanced screening and even pre-screening techniques to completely eliminate the disease.
Accomplishments of Breast Cancer Advocacy Movement
Some of the accomplishments of the breast cancer advocacy movement include:
Two-phase surgical procedure for a woman diagnosed with breast cancer. Women no longer are rushed through a painful process with no chance to prepare themselves for life after surgery or rushed through without a chance for a second opinion. Women play a key role in making decisions about their body and their disease.
Mastectomies are less common and replaced as often as possible with the less invasive lumpectomies, which seek to preserve as much of the natural breast tissue as possible.
Most hospitals have created breast cancer centers to centralize the information for patients, and allow them to meet their oncological surgeons, plastic surgeons and oncologists at the same time instead of separately.
Continuing Advancements in Breast Cancer Research
The next step in breast cancer prevention and elimination involves advanced studies in genetics. Understanding better what is occurring at the genetic level inside of cancer cells will help scientists be able to customize their approach to treating, curing and preventing the different types of breast cancers in patients.
Tags: breast cancer, breast cancer, breast cancer, United States, with breast
Many people take their computers through airports.
Getting through airport security can be a long process--shoes off, hats off, shampoo and conditioner carefully measured into mini-containers, lunch bagged by a vendor, drinks tossed, and laptops out of their bags and placed in a separate bin to go through the x-ray machine. Gasp! My laptop is going through the x-ray machine?
What People Believe
Most people suspect, and many people believe, that x-rays are potentially harmful to floppy discs, compact disks, computer hard drives, portable media such as flash drives, and photographic film. In fact, while x-rays can harm photographic film (but not digital cameras) under some circumstances, they cannot harm computer equipment or media.
X-Rays Are Electromagnetic Energy
Computer equipment can be harmed by magnetic energy, but it cannot be harmed by electromagnetic energy, which is essentially light waves just like visible light, infrared light, microwaves and radio waves. X-rays are electromagnetic energy. The only way these light waves could hurt computer equipment or media is by melting them as might happen if a computer were left in direct sunlight in a closed car during the summer.
X-Rays Are Harmless, Metal Detectors Are Not
Putting your laptop and other computer hardware and media on the belt to go through the x-ray machine is probably the safest thing you can do with it at an airport security checkpoint. Taking the laptop through the metal detector with you (which the Transportation Security Administration would not allow in any case) might wipe the data on the hard drive. Metal detectors use magnetic energy, to which computer equipment is susceptible.
Beware of Thieves, Not X-Rays
The danger to your computer at the airport security checkpoint comes not from x-ray machine itself but from thieves. The government of the state of North Dakota describes a scheme in which one member of a team jumps in front of you in line at the metal detector after you have put your computer on the belt to go through the x-ray machine. His action sets off an alarm. While everyone is distracted by the alarm, his partner takes your computer off the belt after it has gone through the x-ray machine and takes off with it. Make sure you have a clear path through the metal detector to the back end of the conveyor belt before you release your hold on the bin with your computer in it.
Watch Out for "Accidental" Exchanges
The Transportation Security Administration recommends labeling your computer before you put in on the conveyor belt to go through the x-ray machine to help prevent another passenger from "accidentally" picking up your laptop instead of her own at the end of the belt. Seeing your business card taped to the laptop case could discourage someone intending to make such an exchange.
Tags: x-ray machine, through x-ray, through x-ray machine, your computer, airport security, belt through
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer that quickly spreads to other parts of the body. It causes redness and swelling in the breast and if not detected in the early stages it may become terminal. All forms of cancer therapy from hormonal to radiation and surgery to targeted therapy are used in treating this rare form of cancer.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of IBC is done on the basis of a physical examination that includes a biopsy, mammogram and ultrasound of the breast. Once that is done the IBC has to be classified according to its stage. The stages of IBC starting from Stage IIA to Stage IV determine the spread of cancer and future prognosis.
Survival Rate
The survival rate of patients with IBC is almost 25% less than other breast cancer patients. This is due to the fact that by the time diagnosis takes place the cancer has already spread to other parts of the body.
5 Year Prognosis
The five year rate of survival for IBC patients is about 25-50%. This means 25-50% of patients survive five years after diagnosis of the cancer. These statistics may vary from patient to patient mainly due to the effectiveness of the treatment program and the stage at which the diagnosis is made. With early detection the prognosis of the patients will increase.
Seven Year Rate
The survival rate of patients of all stages of cancer decreases after seven years. These statistics do not include the patients who may die from IBC and/or other causes related or unrelated to the disease.
Last Stage-Stage IV and Outcome
Stage IV of the disease means that the cancer has spread to most organs of the body and even after aggressive treatment the survival rate for patients drops to about 20%. This does not mean that patients cannot see a reversal of the disease. The data is merely a representation of averages.
First Stage-Stage IIA
The earlier the diagnosis of IBC the better the prognosis. This is why patients diagnosed in Stage IIA of the disease have a survival rate of 92%, which may be less than other forms of breast cancer but is still better than the later stages of IBC.
Averages
Any statistic of survival is an average of the data gathered and cannot always be used as an accurate line of prognosis for patients. Accounting for about 1-3% of all breast cancers in the United States, IBC may not have a good prognosis but with regular check-ups it can be detected early and give a better chance of survival.
Tags: breast cancer, rate patients, survival rate patients, detected early, less than, less than other, other parts
Dental implants are used to replace missing, broken or chipped teeth. The synthetic implants replace the tooth from root to cap. Many people choose implants over dentures, as the implants simulate real teeth better than dentures. They also protect the integrity of the jaw bone. The cost of the implants, however, is sometimes very high. There are some steps you can take to get implants at a discounted price.
Instructions
1. Talk to your dentist about the cost of dental implants. Dentists do not want to lose their patients, and they understand that the costs associated with implants are too high for many patients. Ask your dentist if he can negotiate on the price or offer a payment plan or other payment option. If the answer is a flat "no" or the dentist is otherwise hesitant to discuss cheaper options, consider investigating other dentists.
2. Contact another dentist in your area to discuss implant options and to get a second quote for the implants. This process is called comparison shopping, and it drives the price of the implants lower. You can complete this step and still keep your current dentist. Prices are negotiable, so ask the second dentist if he can negotiate based on your first quote.
3. Search for a dedicated dental implant clinic, instead of a general dentistry clinic. Often, a clinic that specializes in dental implants will offer deals and discounts, not too mention getting better prices from suppliers, which are then passed on to the customer. Implant clinics in the suburbs versus a city will likely be more affordable, since the location is cheaper to maintain.
The Medicare Levy Surcharge Act is a tax law in Australia that mandates individuals and families who do not have the appropriate level of private hospital care insurance for all or a portion of any given year and who earn over an income limit to pay an additional tax. The law is intended to encourage Australians to carry hospital care insurance and to use the country's private medical system.
Role in the Medicare System
The Medicare levy surcharge falls under Australia's Medicare system. In Australia, citizens can receive free or subsidized health insurance through Medicare. They also can receive insurance through a private insurer, or they can receive a combination of both Medicare and private insurance. Medicare is paid for by the citizens of Australia with 1.5 percent tax on their income called the Medicare levy. Hospital coverage is one of three types of coverage available from Medicare and private insurance providers in Australia.
Free Hospital Care
The Medicare levy surcharge helps provide public funding for free hospital care. Regardless of whether they have hospital care insurance, all Australians can be treated at a public hospital for free if they are admitted as a Medicare patient, known in Australia as a public patient. They also receive after-hospital care for free. They cannot choose the doctor who provides the treatment, however. The doctors who provide treatment at public hospitals are nominated to do so by the hospital.
Costs
As of the 2010-2011 Australian fiscal year, individuals who earn more than $77,000 and families who earn more than $154,000 who do not have the appropriate amount of private hospital insurance coverage during any part of the year must pay the additional tax. The tax for families increases by $1,500 for every dependent in the home after the first child. Appropriate hospital coverage has a deductible of less than $500 for singles and $1,000 for families. The surcharge is 1 percent of the individual's or family's taxable income and is in addition to the 1.5 percent Medicare levy.
Background
Australia's Medicare system was established in 1984. The Medicare levy surcharge was created in 1997 for individuals earning more than $50,000 in taxable income and families with a combined taxable income of $100,000 who do not have private hospital insurance. The income limits have changed several times in recent years. In 2008, the income limits were increased to $100,000 for individuals and $150,000 for families. In 2009, they were lowered to $73,000 for individuals and $146,000 for families. About 43 percent of Australians are covered by hospital care insurance.
Tags: hospital care, care insurance, hospital care insurance, individuals families, Medicare levy, Medicare levy surcharge
Most women chalk their breast pain up to hormones, which is probably true in most cases. However, certain foods can have a direct impact on hormones, which in turn affects your breast pain. You can control your breast pain by avoiding certain foods and adding more of other types of foods.
Instructions
1. Eat a low fat diet and avoid margarine and trans fats. Aside from being good for your body in general, a low fat diet free of hydrogenated fats such as those found in margarine will help you control your breast pain by allowing your body to more effectively convert its own fatty stores into compounds that reduce breast tissue activation. Breast tissue activation is what results in breast pain.
2. Switch from processed grains to whole grains. In combination with a low fat diet, whole grains help the body to process estrogen in a way that reduces the chance that you'll develop breast pain.
3. Take a pass on the salt as a means of controlling your breast pain, especially in the week to 10 days leading up to your period.
4. Ensure that you are getting enough of key nutrients, such as the B vitamins, calcium, vitamin C and magnesium, all of which promote balance in your chemistry and, in particular, protaglandin E., which directly affects breast tissue activation by hormones.
Tags: breast pain, your breast, your breast pain, breast pain, tissue activation, Breast Pain
Breast cancer is staged on a scale from 0 to IV. Stages IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB and IIIC concern tumors that have spread beyond the original site but have not metastasized, meaning they have not spread to other organs. The differences between these stages concern size, location and how the cancer is spreading.
Stage IIA
If the tumor is 0 to 2 cm in size, it has only spread to one to three axillary lymph nodes, which are located in the armpit, and tiny amounts of cancer may be found on internal mammary lymph nodes, which are inside the chest, located near the breastbone. If the tumor is greater than 2 cm in size, it has not spread to any axillary lymph nodes.
Stage IIB
In this stage, the tumor may be larger, between 2 and 5 cm in size. If so, it has only spread to one to three axillary lymph nodes, and tiny amounts of cancer may be found on internal mammary lymph nodes. If the tumor is greater than 5 cm in size, it has not spread to any axillary lymph nodes and does not grow into the chest wall or skin.
Stage IIIA
In this stage, the tumor may be in excess of 5 cm in size, but if so, it does not grow into the chest wall or skin and has spread from one to nine axillary lymph nodes or to the internal mammary lymph nodes. If the tumor is 0 to 5 cm in size, it has spread to five to nine axillary lymph nodes or has enlarged internal mammary lymph nodes.
Stage IIIB
This stage marks the beginning of stages in which the cancer has grown into the chest wall or skin. The tumor has either spread to one to three axillary lymph nodes and/or spread in tiny amounts to the internal mammary lymph nodes, or it has spread to four to nine axillary lymph nodes or enlarged the internal mammary lymph nodes.
Stage IIIC
The tumor is any size and has spread to 10 or more axillary lymph nodes, has spread to the lymph nodes under or above the clavicle, and/or involves both the axillary and internal mammary lymph nodes. This is the final stage used to describe breast cancer that has not spread to other major organs.
Physicians pressed for time need transcriptionists to prepare narrative reports.
Medical transcriptionists type recorded narrative reports into written text. They listen to a doctor's analog or digital recording, then type the words verbatim into a computer file for printing and filing. Transcriptionists need to develop speed and accuracy, and become familiar with often difficult medical terminology. A mistake on a medical report can have severe consequences for both patient and doctor.
Line Rates
Most medical transcriptionists are paid per line, usually 10 to 15 cents. More is charged for rush assignments completed within 24 hours. The rate varies in different markets, where costs and expenses are different for both transcriptionists and doctors.
Line Counting
Transcriptionists track typed lines through the counting feature in most transcription software. This feature can count words, characters or lines for each completed file. Most software can also track time spent on each file, if necessary. The line count report is offered to the client along with the submitted text, usually on a separate page or integrated report that covers all jobs completed in a single pay period.
Other Formats
Some transcriptionists may charge per page, character or hour. These may be problematic when marketing to doctors, who regard line counts as the standard mode for transcription work. Also, an hourly rate makes it difficult to adjust for specialized jobs.
Freelancing
Most medical transcriptionists work out of their homes as sole proprietors, independently setting their own rates and handling their own marketing, billing and prospecting. Others work under contract for companies either alone or with other secretarial services for physicians and other professionals, like lawyers, who need frequent transcription services. Working under contract relieves some of the burden of operating a business, but free-lancing offers a higher rate of income.
New Methods
Voice-recognition software threatens to make manual transcription of medical reports obsolete. A doctor who can simply dictate into an office computer and have an immediate text file would save on costs and time. However, many of these programs still contain flaws, and all are costly to purchase and update. Utilizing a skilled medical transcriptionist is, for most doctors, still the most cost-effective method.
Tags: medical transcriptionists, Most medical, Most medical transcriptionists, narrative reports, under contract
The city of Savannah, Georgia, is home to Forsyth Park, City Market, Wright Square, Columbia Square, Telfair Museum, Savannah College of Art & Design, Bonaventure Cemetery and Grayson Stadium.
Savannah Technical College
Savannah Technical College offers a variety of associate's degree and certification programs in technical subjects, preparing students to enter the workforce directly upon graduation or to pursue bachelor's degrees at affiliate four-year colleges and universities. The department of general studies provides students with core college courses, you can also choose from specialized courses in such areas as health sciences, economic development, business and technology and industrial and public service.
Savannah Technical College
5717 White Bluff Road
Savannah, GA 31405
912-443-5700
savannahtech.edu
University of Phoenix: Savannah
The Savannah campus of University of Phoenix offers degrees ranging from associate's to PhDs. The focus is on Information Technology, with concentrations in such subjects as software engineering, web development, information technology support, information systems security, database administration, business systems analysis, networking and telecommunications, multimedia and visual communication, database development, networking, programming and web design. Online courses are available.
University of Phoenix--Savannah
8001 Chatham Center Drive
Savannah, GA, 31405-7400
912-232-0531
phoenix.edu
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University is a technical school tailored towards students who wish to pursue careers in the flight industry. The school offers associates and bachelor's degrees in aviation maintenance, professional aeronautics and technical management. In addition, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University offers undergraduate certificates in airport management, aviation maintenance technology, aviation safety, logistics, management, occupational safety and health and supply chain management.
Requirements for Florida's pain clinics seek to curb drug abuse.
Pain management clinics in Florida in recent years became a popular means of obtaining controlled substances such as oxycodone. The clinics, which issue prescription pain medications to patients in much the same way that pharmacies do, became a problem because of their growing popularity among drug-dependent abusers. To deal with various issues related to pain management clinics, Florida lawmakers passed new legislation in 2010 that places some requirements on pain clinics. Additionally, the state Department of Health used administrative code to set additional regulations.
Legislation Requirements
On June 4, 2010, Florida Gov. Charlie Crist signed into law legislation that prevents felons from owning pain management clinics. The new law also limits individuals who pay cash for their prescriptions to a 72-hour supply. The 72-hour limit does not apply to individuals who pay with credit cards. This is because the state legislature believes electronic payment can be monitored, if necessary, to determine whether pain management clinics are providing narcotics to drug abusers. Pain management clinics also are now required to stop advertising for the treatment of pain with oxycodone. The new regulations are set to take effect on October 1, 2010.
Registration Requirement
Florida Administrative Code, which is law set into place by state agencies, was proposed in 2009 to combat the problems associated with pain management clinics in the state. A hearing on the proposed rules was set for August 2010. If approved, all pain management clinics in Florida would be required to register with the Department of Health and to submit to inspections. The inspections are to be conducted annually at a cost of $1,500 per inspection. The pain clinics must pay the inspection costs. The inspection is necessary to obtain accreditation. Once a clinic has been accredited by state or national agencies, the frequency of inspections can decrease.
Facility Standards of Practice
The Florida Department of Health also sought to establish new administrative law that places special requirements on pain management clinics. The new regulations would require owners of these clinics to comply with facility and physical operations rules. The rules require drug testing of patients. The rules also set requirements for signage, telephones and emergency lighting. Pain management physicians are also required to obtain training.
Physician Requirements
Under the proposed administrative law rules, physicians would be required to complete a medical history and physical exam of all patients before beginning any treatment. The physical exam requirements are left to the judgment of the clinician, who must justify the need for treatment. At a minimum, the medical record must document the nature and intensity of the pain, current and past treatments for the pain, underlying or coexisting diseases and the effect of the pain on physical and psychological function. The medical record also must include a review of prior medical records and previous diagnostic studies and the patient's history of alcohol and substance abuse. The physician also must supply a written treatment plan stating the objectives used to determine successful treatment. Physicians are required to discuss with patients the risks and benefits of the use of controlled substances. The discussion must include the risks of abuse and addiction and the possible consequences of physical dependence. Clinics are also required to drug test patients twice per year for those who continue to use controlled substances to treat pain.
Tags: management clinics, pain management clinics, also required, controlled substances, Department Health, management clinics
Every 90 minutes, another person is diagnosed with ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, or Lou Gehrig's Disease). ALS, which typically attacks both the upper and lower motor neurons and causes degeneration of the brain and the spinal cord, is currently incurable. However, scientific advances have allowed researchers to make more progress in the past decade than had been made since the disease was first identified. If you donate to ALS, you can help treat affected patients and sustain the hope that a cure will soon be found.
Instructions
Donate to ALS
1. Make a general or a specific donation. Donate to one of various ALS research organizations. Alternately, you choose to help fund a specific effort. For example, if you donate through a nonprofit program such as ALS Worldwide, you can make donations to specific opportunities, including stem cell treatment evaluation, patient advocacy, individual support to patients, scientific research interpretation and seminars for the neurological medical establishment.
2. Donate to honor another person. Some ALS organizations allow you to make a donation in memory of, as a tribute to, or in celebration of another person. The ALS Association and ALS Worldwide are just two organizations that allow you to create such an honorarium to be viewed by others. ALS Worldwide requires a minimum $100 donation, but your words of praise and love will be shown (with an optional photograph) to everyone who visits the website.
3. Send recurring donations. Some organizations give you the opportunity to be a loyal donor by taking automatic monthly payments of your choice from your credit card. Like the one-time honorarium donations, organizations may allow you to attach a tribute to your monthly donation. Monthly donations can be canceled or changed at any time.
4. Set up a planned gift. The term "planned giving" typically refers to giving vehicles that give you the chance to donate to charity in your lifetime or after you die, while you meet your current income necessities and continue to provide for your heirs. Organizations such as the Center for ALS Research and the ALS Society of Canada allow you to arrange a special planned gift. Gifts of bequests, life insurance, annuities, real estate and retirement assets are just a few examples of planned gifts.
5. Seek donation assistance. If you are currently unable to donate as much as you would like to, some vehicles exist to help. For example, some employers have what is known as a "matching gift" program, which is a corporate gift that equals or exceeds what you choose to donate to a charity. You can also purchase items that contribute a portion of proceeds to ALS, or be part of a fundraising group that earns money on behalf of ALS. For example, you may organize a walk, hike, or run for ALS, or join in on an already existing one.
Tags: another person, donate charity, organizations allow, planned gift, Some organizations