State Of Florida Small Business Grants

Small Business grants in Florida are available to serve a variety of needs. Eligibility for funding varies according to the demands of each granting organization. Most of the available funding in the region requires that an organization be in possession of a 501(c)(3) tax exempt status to qualify for funds.

Women's Giving Alliance

In 2001, the Community Foundation in Jacksonville, Florida, established the Women's Giving Alliance. The alliance is made up of a diverse group of women who pool money and redistribute it in the form of grants for the purpose of positively influencing the lives of women and girls in Northeast Florida. Since its creation the alliance has distributed over $2.7 million in grant funding among roughly 30 nonprofit organizations. Applicants for this grant must be qualified as 501(c)(3) tax exempt organizations. Eligible organizations must also be physically located in one or more of the five counties in Northeastern Florida. Funding amounts vary, however, the average grant award is $900,000 per organization.

North Palm Beach Small Business Grant Program

The Village of North Pam Beach Department of Community Development makes grant funding available for the beautification of small businesses located within the village. Funds are reserved for small business owners who intend to make improvements to the exterior of their businesses. The program provides funds of up to $5,000 toward improvements. Business owners are required to match funding dollar for dollar. Collaborative projects are encouraged. Therefore, areas with with four or more entities working together to make curbside improvements are encouraged to apply.

Job Growth Incentive (JGI) Grant Program

The Job Growth Incentive Grant Program is in place to encourage job creation in Palm Beach County, Florida. In cooperation with the Palm Beach County Economic Development Office for the Business Development Board of Palm Beach County, the program offers grant funding for the relocation of commercial, industrial and agricultural operations. Eligible companies must commit to create or relocate no fewer than 50 new full-time jobs. These jobs must pay an average salary that is at or above the average salary for privately owned businesses in the area. From $500 to $2,000 will be awarded for each new job created. The minimum grant award is $25,000 per application.

The Sun Life Rising Star Award

A cornerstone of the Miami Dolphins Foundation, the Sun Life Rising Star Award provides financial assistance to under-served youth for the purpose of improving their access to education and financial resources. Qualified organizations will receive a $50,000 grant, along with other resources. As part of the application process, eligible organizations must nominate at least one student to receive a $5,000 Sun Life Rising Star scholarship to aid in financing a college education. Qualifying organizations must be in possession of a 501(c)(3) tax exempt status and conduct operations within South Florida.

Tags: Palm Beach, Beach County, grant funding, Grant Program, Life Rising

Postpregnancy Breast Growth

While breast growth is common during pregnancy, many women are surprised to discover that their breasts actually go through two separate growth periods. Preliminary breast growth can occur early during pregnancy, and then again as the pregnancy nears its end; by the time both growth periods have ended, a significant increase in breast size can be achieved. Breast growth during pregnancy is often accompanied by soreness and sensitivity, with both the size increase and breast sensitivity remaining until after the child has been born and weaned.

Initial Growth

Swelling of the breasts and breast tenderness is often one of the first signs of pregnancy. Many women will notice that their breasts are sore before they ever begin suffering from morning sickness or experiencing a missed period. While milk production has not begun during the period of initial growth, pregnancy hormones are preparing the breasts for the production of milk by causing blood vessels to enlarge and milk ducts to grow.

Third Trimester Growth

A second growth spurt will happen towards the middle of the third trimester of pregnancy. Unlike the initial growth period, the growth that occurs during this time will happen due to milk production and storage. The mother-to-be may also notice her breasts beginning to leak during this time; this leakage is often colostrum, a thick and sticky fluid filled with antibodies and natural antibiotics designed to protect the newborn from disease and infection during its first days of life.

Post-Natal Growth and Milk Production

After delivery, a new mother's breasts will remain larger than normal because they are still producing and storing milk to feed the baby with. This will continue through the entire breastfeeding period, whether the baby is breastfed for six weeks or for the first year. The breasts will remain swollen and sore, though the sensitivity may be reduced briefly after feedings because they will temporarily have less milk in them.

Weaning

Once the baby has been weaned from its mother's breast milk, the breasts will slowly begin to return to normal. Abrupt weaning should be avoided if possible, as it can not only be psychologically traumatic for both the mother and the child but it can also lead to infections in the mother from having an excess of milk. Weaning should be a gradual process, allowing the child to get used to other sources of food and letting the mother's milk production decrease with the reduced demand.

Size Decrease

Once a baby has been successfully weaned, the mother's breasts will slowly stop producing milk, and any remaining milk will be absorbed back into her body. As the excess milk is removed from the breasts, their size will begin to decrease. Some women will remain larger than they were before they became pregnant, while others will return to their pre-pregnancy size or may actually be smaller than they were previously. Sagging and stretch marks may be present once the breasts have finished decreasing in size.

Tags: breasts will, during pregnancy, milk production, will remain, baby been

What Is Prolamine Iodine

Iodine is a supplement suggested for those suffering from hypothyroidism.

Prolamine iodine is a product created by the Standard Process company. This product provides 2,000 percent of the daily value (DV) established by the U.S. government, according to Standard Process. This supplement comes in the form of an oral tablet taken once daily or as directed by a physician, according to instructions on its label. It is widely available and can be bought from distributors nationwide. Most people who take the supplement use it to boost serum iodine levels and it is often considered for supplementation by those suffering from hypothyroidism and hormonal conditions.

Iodine

Iodine is a naturally occurring substance that the body actually needs very little of over a lifetime. However, iodine is an essential micronutrient that the body is unable to store, making regular consumption of this substance vital for proper metabolic functioning. The thyroid gland stores about 80 percent of the iodine found in the body, where it is used in the creation of two thyroid hormones. These hormones affect metabolism, growth and development within the body and are very important to general health and well-being. Iodine is found naturally in many foods such as oysters, fish, eggs, beef and many vegetables.

Benefits

Iodine performs many functions within the human body. Growth and development occurs as a result of the thyroid hormones created with dietary iodine. Thus, dietary iodine consumption is especially important in children. The metabolic rate is also greatly affected by iodine levels. Those with hypothyroidism, typically seen as a slow metabolism resulting in a variety of symptoms including dry skin, fatigue and weight gain, may see positive results from the addition of prolamine iodine in to their regular daily diet. Prolamine iodine is a highly regarded iodine supplement and has been produced since 1952.

Dietary Guidelines

The National Research Council has established 150 micrograms per day of iodine as the recommended dietary allowance (RDA), according to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Pregnant and lactating women need slightly more iodine, and limits for this demographic have been set at 175 and 200 micrograms per day, respectively.

Side Effects

While practitioners of natural medicine may recommend much higher levels of daily iodine intake than those suggested by government entities, it is important to note that there can be side effects of high iodine consumption. In children, overexposure to iodine can result in an enlarged thyroid, known as goiter. This condition results in a lack of thyroid hormone, resulting in abnormal growth and development. There is some evidence that too much iodine in the diet may increase the risk of thyroid cancer, as well as various disorders of the skin, respiratory system and reproductive organs, according to ATSDR.

Suggestion

If you think you may be suffering from symptoms caused by low iodine levels, consider having a physician conduct tests. Tests on thyroid function and iodine levels in the body can help determine the cause of your symptoms, along with the appropriate treatment course. If preferred, seek a naturopath or alternative health care practitioner who is knowledgeable in the area of thyroid disorders, metabolism and supplemental and natural treatment options to discuss whether supplementation with prolamine iodine may be right for you.

Tags: iodine levels, suffering from, dietary iodine, from hypothyroidism, growth development, iodine consumption, prolamine iodine

Get Free Dental Help

Free dental help is available for those in need.

Even routine dental care can be costly, and if you need something like a root canal, you can be looking at a lot of money. According to MedicineNet.com, a root canal in a molar can cause as much as $800, as of 2010. Many people do not have dental insurance and must pay out of pocket for the dental care they need. If you need help affording dental care, you may qualify for low-cost or free dental help.

Instructions

1. Apply for Medicaid. Medicaid covers dental care for children in all states, and dental care for adults in some states. Recipients must have low incomes and limited resources. In some states, other guidelines apply. Contact the agency that administers Medicaid in the county in which you live for more information about the guidelines in your state.

2. Look for a community agency that provides dental care in your area on a sliding fee scale. These agencies base their charges on your income, so if you earn little money, care is usually free or very affordable. You might find these agencies listed under "Dentist" or "Social Services" in your local telephone directory, or you can call your local health department and ask if they can tell you what agency provides this service in your area. Medical clinics that operate on a sliding fee scale might be able to refer you to a dental clinic that operates the same way. The United Way often provides referrals to community services, too.

3. Contact a dental school, if you have one located nearby. Some dental schools offer basic dental care to the community free of charge or at reduced rates. Students perform the dental care there under the supervision of experienced dentists and other dental care providers, so you will receive good care while students learn.

Tags: dental care, agency that, dental help, root canal, sliding scale, some states, your area

What Is Premarin Hormone For

Premarin is an estrogen medication used to treat hot flashes, night sweats and other symptoms associated with menopause. A woman's estrogen levels decreases with menopause.

Types

There are three different types of Premarin: Premarin tablets, an estrogen medication for women who have had a hysterectomy and Prempro, an oral combination of estrogen and progestin for women who still have their reproductive systems. Premarin Cream, is a topical medication for and painful intercourse.

Function

Menopause occurs when ovaries stop producing estrogen. It can also be triggered by the surgical removal of ovaries as part of a hysterectomy.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of menopause include hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, and loss of vaginal lubrication leading to painful intercourse.

Bone Loss

Loss of estrogen can also lead to bone loss, sometimes causing osteoporosis.

Benefits

Premarin can relieve symptoms of menopause and help to prevent osteoporosis.

Warning

Estrogen may increase the chances of developing uterine and breast cancer, heart attacks, strokes, blood clots, and dementia.

Tags: estrogen also, estrogen medication, flashes night, flashes night sweats, night sweats, painful intercourse, symptoms menopause

Pituitary Cancer Definition

Malignant pituitary tumors are tumors of the pituitary glad. The pituitary gland is housed directly in the middle of the brain. The pituitary glad makes and secretes many different hormones for our body. A tumor within the pituitary typically produces too much of one or more hormone.

Functioning Tumor

When a pituitary tumor is referred to as a "functioning" tumor, it can cause different hormones to over produce. Depending on the specific type of tumor, it can cause the over production of hormones in various organs.

Adrenal glands

Adrenal glands require the adrenocorticotropic hormone in order to function properly. Over production of this hormone can cause Cushing's syndrome. Symptoms include weight gain, hypertension, muscle weakness and bruising.

Thyroid gland

The thyroid gland requires stimulating hormones. Too much of this thyroid-stimulating hormone can cause hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism can cause irritability, sudden weight loss and irregular heartbeat.

Surgical removal

Typically, surgical removal of the tumor is the preferred method of treatment. However, because the tumor is removed though the sinus cavity, large tumors may be harder to remove and may require additional treatment.

Large tumors

For larger tumors, transcranial hypophysectomy may be required. The procedure requires surgical removal though the skull.

Tags: Adrenal glands, different hormones, hormone cause, pituitary glad, surgical removal, tumor cause

What Is Phase Ii Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is typified by rampant multiplication of cells lining the prostate. It is a common cancer form affecting men, with approximately 190,000 cases diagnosed annually in the US. Prostate cancer is divided into four phases: phase I (cancer is limited to the prostate gland), phase II (cancer is limited to the prostate, but affects the lymph nodes), phase III (cancer affects the tissues close to the prostate) and phase IV (cancer has spread to other body parts).

Diagnosis of Phase II Prostate Cancer

The diagnostic methods used are similar for all stages of prostate cancer and include ultrasound, prostate biopsy, a physical examination or a digital rectal examination (DRE) wherein a doctor inserts a gloved finger to check for abnormalities.

Signs and Symptoms

Pain during urination, interrupted urination, discharge of blood through the urine and extreme pain in the back and hips are common symptoms of phase II prostate cancer.

Treatment Options

There is no complete cure for phase II prostate cancer, but various treatments are employed to control the proliferation of the malignant cells. Surgical removal of the cancer cells is one of the most common treatments. After surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy might be recommended.

Time Frame

Time frame for treatments varies, depending on the metastasis of the malignant cells. Most patients are exposed to radiotherapy sessions two to three times per week for about a month, while chemotherapy sessions occur once every three weeks for three to four months.

Prevention

The Mayo Clinic reports that quitting smoking and drinking and avoiding exposure to the sun and to environmental pollutants are some of the steps you can take to prevent cancer.

Tags: phase cancer, cancer limited, cancer limited prostate, limited prostate, malignant cells, phase cancer limited, phase prostate

What Do Calcium Calcifications In Your Breast Mean

Calcium calcifications are small deposits of calcium located within the breast tissue. According to the California Pacific Medical Center, calcium califications in the breast are common and usually benign. The calcifications generally appear as white spots on a mammogram. Occasionally, the calcifications can be indicative of early breast cancer, so they all must be evaluated by a doctor.

Three Types of Calcifications

There are three categories of calcium calcifications in the breast. The first category is benign calcifications, which is the most common. If a calcification is benign, no follow-up testing is required, and the calcification will continue to be tracked during annual mammograms. The second category refers to probably benign calcifications. According to California Pacific Medical Center, this means the calcification is 98 percent or more likely to be benign. The third class of calcifications are suspicious calcifications. This means it is difficult to tell whether the calcification is benign or malignant. A follow-up biopsy must be done to determine whether the calcification is indicative of breast cancer. According to California Pacific Medical Center, approximately one out of every four or five patients with a suspicious calcification actually has breast cancer, which is usually at a very early stage.

Diagnosing Calcifications

Doctors usually evaluate calcifications by using X-ray magnification to classify them into one of the three aforementioned groups. They evaluate the size, shape and quantity of the calcifications to determine the appropriate treatment. If the calcification is suspicious, additional procedures may be required, including a needle biospy to draw cells from the calcification or a surgical biopsy to scrape a small bit of tissue from the calcification.

Types of Calcifications

According to University of Cincinnati Netwellness, the appearance and quantity of the calcium calcifications can provide clues as to whether the calcifications are benign or malignant. Benign calcifications usually appear as large chunks. They may be caused by age, as calcium leaves the bone and becomes deposited in other parts of the body, including the breast. Benign calcifications caused by breakdown of bone are usually too large to fit into breast ducts, so generally they are not seen as potentially cancerous. Microcalcifications are tiny specks of calcium that occur in the breast ducts, which are potentially cancerous. These microcalcifications are more likely to be pre-cancerous if they appear in groups or clusters within only one breast.

Monitoring Benign Calcifications

A benign calcification can't turn into a malignant calcification, and it does not become pre-cancerous over time. A malignant calcification is malignant from the beginning. According to California Pacific Medical Center, in benign calcifications, the risk of malignancy developing is lower than 2 percent. Benign calfications still must be monitored. California Pacific Medical Center recommends one additional follow-up mammogram in six months. Patients can return to normal annual mammograms as long as no changes are seen and no additional calcifications are discovered.

Diet and Breast Calcifications

An excess of calcium in the diet does not cause calcium calcifications to form. Calcium supplements also do not appear to be responsible for calcium calcifications, nor does hormone therapy.

Tags: California Pacific, California Pacific Medical, Medical Center, Pacific Medical, Pacific Medical Center, According California

What You Need To Start A Photography Business

What You Need to Start a Photography Business

Running a successful photography business is more than just taking good pictures. Marketing, business savvy and computer expertise are essential to success.

Focus

Choose an area of specialization such as portraits, weddings, pets, corporate or stock photography. Establishing your credibility in a specific area traditionally leads to faster growth. Add other areas later.

Equipment

You will need a professional-quality camera (digital is recommended) and a computer with photo-editing software. A printer is helpful but not required as photos can be sent to labs for printing. For studio work, lighting, backgrounds and posing equipment will be needed.

Website

A website allows you to market your business to existing and potential clients. It also provides a storefront for your photographs.

Marketing

While the website provides a marketing channel, others include word of mouth, business cards, promotional photos and free photo shoots to establish yourself in a market area.

Legal Considerations

Examine your financial situation and consult an attorney to determine the best legal structure for your business based on tax considerations and other financial implications.

Tags: Need Start, Need Start Photography, Photography Business, Start Photography, Start Photography Business, What Need

How Much Do Licensed Xray Technicians Make An Hour

X-ray technicians use sophisticated medical equipment to obtain internal images.

X-ray technicians, sometimes referred to as radiographers or radiographic technologists, are medical professionals who are trained to produce images of internal body systems and parts through the application of X-rays. Most common training programs for X-ray technicians last for approximately two years and involve coursework accredited by the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology. There is no national licensing requirement for X-ray technicians. Most states require X-ray technicians to be licensed, although the actual licensing requirements may vary from state to state.

Income Level

Radiologic technologists and technicians from across the United States earned a median hourly wage of $25.59 as of May 2009, according to the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Hourly wages ranged from less than $17.16 to more than $36.27. The mean hourly wage for this occupation was $26.05. Numerous factors may influence an X-ray technician's pay rate, including geographic location and type of employer.

Geography

Radiologic technologists and technicians working in Massachusetts earned the highest mean hourly wage of all the states at $32.95 per hour as of May 2009, according to the BLS. Those working in Maryland, the District of Columbia, Nevada and Hawaii earned in excess of $31.00 per hour. The highest mean hourly wages in the country for radiologic technologists and technicians were in the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara metropolitan area of California at $37.64.

Employment Type

Most X-ray technicians worked in general medical or surgical hospitals, physicians' offices, laboratories and outpatient care centers. Mean hourly wages for technicians in these work environments ranges from $24.45 to $27.53. Higher wages were offered by less traditional employers such as scientific research and development centers and specialty hospitals. Mean hourly wages from these employers ranged from $28.04 to $31.16, but job opportunities were limited.

Experience

Experience can play a significant role in determining the wages of an X-ray technician. Those just starting out in their career may expect to earn between $11.79 and $17.09 per hour, as of January 2011, according to PayScale.com. X-ray technicians with more than five years on the job may earn between $17.78 and $23.72 per hour. X-ray techs with more than 20 years experience may command more than $29.00 per hour.

Tags: X-ray technicians, more than, hourly wage, hourly wages, technologists technicians

Nebraska Dot Regulations

Nebraska has many road and driving regulations.

Nebraska refers to its Department of Transportation as the Department of Roads. The Department of Roads regulates and maintains the state's 22,634 miles of lane, 9,959 miles of which are highway lanes. Like other states, Nebraska has many rules and regulations about who can drive, what can be driven and where it may be driven.

Vehicle Size

In the state of Nebraska, vehicles on pubic roads and highways may not be taller than 14 feet and six inches or wider than eight feet and six inches. Nebraska has also established maximum vehicle weights: loads cannot exceed 10,000 pounds on single wheels, 20,000 pounds on single axles and 34,000 pounds on tandem axles. There are some exceptions to these rules. For example, farm equipment may exceed both width and length requirements if being moved a short distance on the road during daylight hours. Public utility and construction equipment may also legally exceed Nebraska's vehicle length limitations. It is important to note that drivers of vehicles exceeding Nebraska's height limit are held responsible for any damage caused to traffic lights and other overhead obstructions.

Accident Clearing

Along with 23 other states, Nebraska has adopted laws requiring motor vehicle accident victims to move their cars to the side of the road whenever possible. Many drivers believe it is necessary to keep their car exactly where it is after an accident until the police arrive and file an accident report. Vehicles left in the roadway can cause secondary accidents. This rule applies only to minor "fender bender" accidents without injuries. Not only does this practice reduce the odds of secondary accidents, it also helps keep the drivers involved in the accident safer when exchanging information.

Mopeds and Motorcycles

Nebraska requires motorcycle drivers to have either a class M motorcycle license or a class M endorsement on their regular driver's license. Moped drivers must have a class O endorsement. Instead of taking both a written and road motorcycle driver's test to gain these endorsements, Nebraska residents may complete a state-approved Basic Rider Course. These courses include at least four hours of classroom instruction and at least 10 hours of driving time. Both drivers and passengers are required by Nebraska law to wear a helmet when riding motorcycles and mopeds.

Tags: class endorsement, Department Roads, feet inches, Nebraska many, other states, other states Nebraska

Treat Chemotherapy Headaches

Headaches can be a common side effect of chemotherapy. According to Chemo Care, some headaches can be the result of your spinal column and the lining of your brain becoming irritated by medications that are injected directly into your spinal fluid. Your headaches can also be a result of tension or stress. It is important to treat your symptoms before your headache becomes worse. If you begin to have headaches that do not resolve themselves within three days, see your physician.

Instructions

Treating Your Headache

1. Take an analgesic, such as Tylenol. Take only the recommended dosage within a 24-hour period. Chemotherapy in conjunction with taking too much Tylenol can lead to liver toxicity.

2. Ask your physician for a stronger pain prescription if medications such as Tylenol are not alleviating your headaches. Don't mix your pain medications with Tylenol, as many narcotics contain Tylenol.

3. Avoid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications such as aspirin if you suffer from anemia as a result of your chemotherapy. Although taking aspirin might help alleviate headaches, using aspirin during your chemo treatments can result in a lower platelet count, which can be dangerous because your blood can thin.

4. Go to a quiet room in your house to sleep or lie down when you begin to develop headache symptoms. Ask you family to keep the noise down until your headache is better.

5. Use a cold compress for your head. Stick a cold washcloth in the freezer for about 15 minutes, and then apply it to your forehead.

6. Get a massage. Receiving chemotherapy treatments can result in stress, which can lead to tension headaches. According to Chemo Care, getting a massage might be beneficial in treating your headaches if you have frequent headaches.

7. Speak with your physician about trying acupuncture. Using acupuncture can increase platelet counts, red blood cells, and white blood cells that decrease as a result of chemo treatments. Use only a licensed acupuncturist.

Tags: your physician, According Chemo, According Chemo Care, blood cells, Chemo Care, chemo treatments

What Is Neuroma In The Breast

Neuromas can develop after breast surgery.

When a neuroma develops, abnormal growth of nerve tissue has occurred. This can happen after a woman has undergone a mastectomy for breast cancer. Postoperative pain will persist long after the breast has healed. The pain stems from the thickened nerve tissues.

Post Breast Therapy Pain Syndrome

Some women experience Post Breast Therapy Pain Syndrome, or PBTPS, after breast surgery. The pain, which is considered neuropathic, can cause edema (swelling), numbness and pain in the chest wall, arm and shoulder on the side where surgery was performed. If this pain lasts for more than three months after surgery, it qualifies as PBTPS.

Damaged Nerves and the Outcome

Neuropathic pain is the result of damage to the nerves and can be associated with dysesthesia, which means an abnormal sense of touch, and a sensation that is unpleasant and at times painful. Women who have developed neuromas after breast surgery may also experience allodynia, which means "other pain" and is pain that result from a stimulus that normally does not cause pain.

Neuromas Develop

When sensory nerves are cut during a surgical procedure, it is possible for neuromas to develop. This results in hypersensitivity of the breast as well as pain, according to Dr. Robert A. Wascher, MD, of Cancer Supportive Care Programs.

Effects

When the sensory nerves in your skin are in the process of regenerating, sometimes an irregular or abnormal interconnection takes place between the sensory nerves and the sympathetic nerves that are found along the blood vessels and in other body structures. This causes horrible pain and hypersensitivity. Some post-operative patients can't bear to have their breasts touched and may feel pain when they move. The breast can become overly sensitive to temperature changes.

Treatments

Local anesthetics and corticosteroids can be injected into the site where the pain is occurring, and this should help relieve the pain and sensitivity. Using topical counter-irritants, such as mentholated creams or capsaicin, may help reduce your pain. Taking NSAIDs, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, can also help. If none of this works, your doctor can excise (cut out) the neuroma.

Tags: after breast, after breast surgery, breast surgery, sensory nerves, Breast Therapy, Breast Therapy Pain, Pain Syndrome

Independent Living Programs For Teens

Some groups provide programs that teach teens to live independently.

In today's evolving world with constant technological breakthroughs, breaking free from the comforts of your parents' home and living independently can be a scary process. Teenagers who are old enough to be independent can feel confused or overwhelmed because of the many options available. One of the hardest steps is starting the process, but there are independent programs that can provide guidance.

Mason Associates

Established in 1987, Mason Associates employ experienced educators and clinical professionals to respond to clients' needs quickly and effectively. Most of the company's independent living programs are designed for young adults ages 18 to 24 who need a safe and supportive environment as they transition into adulthood. Mason Associates work best with parents who seek from professionals to solve problems. The company's focus on employing staff members who have the personal and professional qualifications to meet the mission has made Mason Associates the largest specialty consultancy in the Northeast. With Mason Associates' experienced personnel and specialized service, the company seeks to address parents' needs and quickly find safe, workable solutions even in the most difficult situations.

Ben Mason

264 Beacon St.

Boston, MA 02116

617-236-4747

masonconsult.com

Valley Youth House

Valley Youth House offers different programs related to housing in Pennsylvania depending on what crisis the teen faces. There are strict eligibility requirements and exclusions teens must follow for the protection and benefit of other youth enrolled in the programs. Qualified individuals are typically between the ages of 16 and 21 and attend different housing workshops on areas that include choosing roommates, cleaning house and what to do when things go wrong. After completing the workshops, those enrolled take a final assessment and receive a certificate of completion. Staff members are available 24 hours a day, and life skills counselors meet with each teenager at least twice a week to help them reach their goals.

Achieving Independence Center

1118 Market St., 2nd Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19107

215-925-3180

valleyyouthhouse.org

Teen Skills

Teenskills.com is an online compilation of entertaining and attention-capturing life skill resources. The site coaches teenagers on their needed motivation, confidence and responsibility by showing how they will deal with real-life situations most effectively. The website offers online programs to parents who want their children to learn independence and real-life skills in the safety of their own homes. The company's Peak Mastery Courses are interactive and teach teenagers vital concepts needed for safe and successful independence. Your teen learns at his own pace in a confidential environment that teaches the value of education and how he can contribute to society. She also gains new skills and assets designed to build confidence she needs.

Teen Skills

866-471-4285

teenskills.com

Tags: Mason Associates, needs quickly, programs that, Teen Skills, Valley Youth, Valley Youth House, Youth House

Make A Taxfree Donation

All donations are tax-free, meaning you do not have to pay any special taxes when you donate to a charity. Instead, you can receive a tax deduction. This means that the amount of your donation can be applied against your required taxes, reducing the amount you owe the government. If you make a donation of $100 to a charity, you can then take a $100 charitable tax deduction on your tax return. It's simple to make a tax-free donation.

Instructions

1. Consider the items you would like to donate to charity. There are charities that accept virtually any type of donation, from automobiles and houses to clothing and household items.

2. Assess the condition of the items you wish to donate. All items should be in reasonably good condition.

3. Confirm the charity is a qualified religious group or registered 501(c)(3) organization. If you do not donate to a qualified charity, you will not be able to claim your donation as a tax deduction.

4. Give a monetary donation to the charity of your choice. All charities are happy to accept monetary donations in addition to physical item donations.

5. Get a receipt from the charity. The receipt should include the charity's name, its tax ID number and your full name. It should also list the date of your donation, its value and a brief description of the items donated. You'll need the receipt in order to claim the deduction on your tax return.

Tags: your donation, deduction your, deduction your return, donate charity, donation charity, your return

What Is Mucinbased Colon Cancer

Mucin is a protein and the main component of the mucous layer protecting your intestines. According to research published in the Israel Medical Association Journal in 2000 by Dr. Yaron Niv, "several lines of evidence point towards a biological role of mucin in colorectal cancer."

Mucin's Role

Research published in the British Medical Journal in October 2000 indicates that mucin's primary role is as a protective barrier against infection. Different genes make up mucin proteins, with MUC2 and MUC3 found in the colon. These mucin proteins have been found in cancer tissue but in altered form.

Causes

MedicineNet.com lists high-fat diets, polyps, and genetics as possible causes of mucin-based colon cancer.

Symptoms

Colon cancer symptoms include rectal bleeding or blood in the stool; persistent abdominal discomfort or cramps; fatigue; constipation or diarrhea lasting longer than two weeks; and unexplained weight loss.

Prognosis

According to Niv, mucin-based colon cancer penetrates non-cancerous tissue more quickly, with more involvement of the lymph nodes. It metastasizes, or spreads, rapidly, with the survival rate being around five years.

Prevention

The Mayo Clinic recommends colon cancer screening starting at age 50; African-Americans should start at 45. Minimize alcohol consumption, give up smoking and eat a diet high in vegetables and whole-grain foods to reduce your risk of colon cancer.

Tags: colon cancer, mucin proteins, mucin-based colon, mucin-based colon cancer

What Can An Mri Of Orbits Reveal

MRI machines are used to diagnose certain orbital issues.

Magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, is a type of radiological study. The "orbits," in this context, are the eyes and structures surrounding them.

The Test

For an MRI of the orbits, a patient lies down and is scanned, from the neck up, by the MRI machine. The procedure is painless.

Interpretation

The MRI produces films, which are read and interpreted by a radiologist, a physician who specializes in performing and interpreting radiological procedures.

Value

MRIs are the most useful test when a physician needs to see what is behind a patient's orbits.

Uses

MRIs of the orbit are also done when a patient has a bulging eye or eyes so the doctor can see if there is a mass or tumor in the area. Other reasons a doctor might request an MRI of the orbits are swelling, infection, or cellulitis near the eyes.

Diseases

Doctors often request MRIs to check on the progress of certain diseases and to assess damage to the optic nerve and the surrounding structures. These diseases include multiple sclerosis, glaucoma, Grave's disease, exopthalmos, proptosis, and vascular lesions.

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Arborist Certification Requirements

Arborists help make the grounds of public facilities look pleasing.

An arborist is another name for grounds maintenance workers. They perform a variety of tasks in order to make the outdoor environment look pleasant and functional. Duties include raking leaves, mowing the lawn, trimming the hedges and trees and planting flowers. Arborists may also care for indoor plants and gardens in commercial and public facilities such as hotels, green houses, and malls. There are no minimal education requirements, yet certification is required. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, those with certification can earn up to $31.33 an hour. Requirements for certification do apply.

ISA Certified Arborist

Arborists will have to pass a rigorous test with the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA). Once they pass the exam, they will become an ISA Certified Arborist. One who is interested in becoming certified can seek employment with an arborist or grounds maintenance facility. In order to test for the ISA certified arborist (or CA), he must have 3 years work experience and make sure to have the 3 years of experience documented and verified for proof. The certification covers a broad area of topics, which helps give candidates flexibility in the field of arboriculture.

Grounds Certification

Candidates can seek certification as a manager or technician with the Professional Grounds Management Society. They must meet at least one of the three listed criteria. A candidate must have a bachelor of science degree in a recognized green field such as arborist or horticulture and 4 years in a grounds maintenance field. Candidates can also have a 2-year degree from a nationally recognized college or junior college, 6 years in the ground maintenance field and 3 years of supervisor experience. Lastly, they can have 8 years in the ground maintenance field, including 4 years of supervisor experience. The exam covers two parts. One part is a proctored exam and consists of 100 true and false and multiple choice questions. Part two of the exam is an open book exam that candidates take at home and complete in a year or less.

Landscape Certification

There are different types of certification with the Professional LandCare Network. These include the landscape industry certified interior certification, landscape industry certified technician, landscape industry certified manager, landscape industry certified horticultural technician, landscape industry certified lawn care manager and landscape industry certified lawn care technician. The Professional LandCare Network doesn't list any requirements for these exams, although candidates must register for the exam, receive the study materials and pay any testing fees.

Certified Treecare Safety Professional

There is a certification as a certified treecare safety professional (CTSP) with the Tree Care Industry Association. There are certain eligibility requirements such as 3 years in a technical tree care field or industry, 6 months of technical field experience or a 2- or 4-year degree in forestry, arboriculture and environmental horticulture. An internship with relative experience is acceptable as well. Applicants must fill out a CTSP form, study from the CTSP Core Competencies study guide and attend the training workshop.

Tags: industry certified, landscape industry, landscape industry certified, grounds maintenance, have years, maintenance field

What Is The Difference Between Radial Symmetry & Bilateral Symmetry

Sea sponges are the only animals that do not have radial or bilateral symmetry.

All members of the animal kingdom display some type of body symmetry. The most common types are radial and bilateral symmetry. Radial symmetry exists in animals that can be cut evenly along multiple planes. Animals that can only be cut evenly along one plane display bilateral symmetry. If an animal cannot be cut evenly at all, it has asymmetry.

Radial Symmetry

Radial symmetry exists when an animal can be cut in half in multiple locations along many different planes. In radial symmetry, the center of mass is exactly in the middle of the organism. All parts of the organism at equal distances from the center are identical in both shape and size. Typically, radial symmetry exists in animals so they can reach objects in their environment. They need radial symmetry for this purpose because they are typically immobile.

Bilateral Symmetry

Animals with bilateral symmetry can only be evenly dissected along one plane. If they are cut in half in any other parts of their body, the resulting bodies would not be identical. In animals, bilateral symmetry usually occurs longitudinally, meaning it exists along the animal's back. Bilateral symmetry is the most common type of symmetry that occurs in animals. It is usually reserved for mobile animals.

Animals with Radial Symmetry

Jellyfish are a Cnidaria and have radial symmetry.

Radial symmetry is typically exclusive to Cnidaria. Certain types of Echinodermata, a classification that includes anything from star fish to sea cucumbers, display radial symmetry as well. Sand dollars are the best example of Echinodermata with radial symmetry. They can be dissected evenly along multiple planes. Sand dollars are considered pentameral, meaning they can be dissected along five different planes. All Cnidaria including jellyfish, corals, and anemones display radial symmetry.

Animals with Bilateral Symmetry

Animals as small as ants have bilateral symmetry.

Anything that is not classified as a Cnidaria or Echinodermata will most likely display bilateral symmetry. This includes animals in the Flatworm, Mollusk, Annelid, Roundworm, Arthropod and Chordate phyla. Humans display bilateral symmetry. If a human was cut from the top of his head to the middle of his pelvic bone, the two resulting bodies would mirror each other. Each body would have exactly one ear, one half of a nose and mouth, one eye, one arm and one leg. Another example of bilateral symmetry exists in small mammals such as possums. If a cut was made down the back of a possum, the resulting bodies would be identical.

Asymmetry

A third, less common type of symmetry is asymmetry. It is exclusive to Porifera, more commonly known as sponges. Animals with asymmetry cannot be evenly cut. When they are cut in half, the two resulting bodies will never be identical.

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What Is Medicaid Part B

Medicare Part B is a section of your Medicare coverage, available to U.S. citizens over the age of 65 to cover certain health-related expenses.

What is Medicare Part B?

Medicare Part B provides coverage of physicians' services and some other costs, such as X-rays, prosthetics, vaccinations, etc., for individuals age 65 and over.

Does Part B Cost Anything?

This service is provided under your Medicare benefits for a fee; this fee often can be reimbursed, particularly if you have a Medicare Advantage plan under Medicare Part C.

Does Part B Cover Prescription Drugs?

Part B does not cover prescription drugs. Prescription drug coverage is offered by Medicare Part D.

Signing Up

If you already receive Social Security benefits, you are enrolled automatically. If not, apply at your local Social Security office or www.socialsecurity.gov. You can find out more at www.Medicare.gov, or often from your general insurance or health insurance provider. You also should receive a registration packet in the mail about three months before your 65th birthday.

Filing Medicare Claims

If your physician or supplier still does not file a Medicare claim after you have called and asked, call 1-800-Medicare (1-800-633-4227). Also ask 1-800-Medicare for the exact time limit for filing a Medicare claim for the service or supply that you received.

Tags: Medicare Part, Does Part, Medicare claim, Social Security, your Medicare

Tools Used In Astronomy Investigations

Tools exist to investigate the moon.

For teachers, students and other individuals desiring to investigate the literal universe of astronomy, many tools exist to aid in the quest for knowledge. These tools place information on the Internet to investigate the existence of planets orbiting other stars besides the Sun, or to investigate asteroids and map their course, to determine if any pose a threat to the Earth. These online tools provide the facts and leave the investigation to the student, and are used in conjunction with the physical tools used by astronomers to probe the universe.

Galaxy Zoo

The product of pictures from the Hubble Telescope revolves around identifying galaxies by shape to determine their origins. This investigation into the existence of galaxies becomes possible due to the power of the Hubble Telescope and its ability to scan from into the universe. The Galaxy Zoo requires the powers of observation in reviewing and classifying galaxies.

The Astronomy Village

Developed by the NASA Classroom of the Future Program, this CD-ROM based multimedia program offers 10 different investigations to the student. Targeted to ninth-grade earth science students, the investigations involve subjects such as undiscovered nearby stars. Granted access to a wealth of information, the student, with the assistance of a mentor, investigates the subject matter, runs simulations and uses a virtual observatory, with the end result a presentation of the facts and conclusions.

Moon Zoo

Outfitted with images from NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, this tool allows for exploration of the moon. The images provide details that permit investigation of the regions of the moon and their features. Such investigation leads to discoveries about the lunar surface and its history and origins.

Optical Telescope

The optical telescope offers both the beginning astronomer at home, and the serious astronomer at work, the opportunity to see objects the human eye cannot see, and to magnify visible objects like the moon. The power of the telescope lies in the lens and its diameter --- the larger the diameter, the more light is let in. Diameters, or aperture, are generally listed in inches or millimeters (mm). For example, a ten-inch telescope will also be 254 mm.

Radio Telescopes

A tool of the professional astronomer, often seen in large arrays or banks, the radio telescope probes space for unseen radio waves. Radio astronomy traces its beginnings to 1932, when Karl Jansky discovered a noise which he determined was not of earth origin. In order to capture long and faint radio waves, the dish of the radio telescope must be large, so scientists have continued to construct even larger radio telescopes. In New Mexico 27 dishes, mounted on rails for movement, compose the Very Large Array (VLA), working together to capture the most information possible.

Spectroscope

An optical device that splits light into its various wavelengths, or color spectrum, the spectroscope is used in astronomy to study light from objects in space. Detailed analysis of the light and the spectrum produced provides information about the objects' size, temperature, density and motion.

Tags: Hubble Telescope, radio telescope, radio waves, universe Galaxy

Start An Art Framing Career

An art framing career is often the outgrowth of a fine art career, since artists often learn to frame their own art to save money. Framing art, though, is also an excellent career to pursue for its own sake. No formal schooling is required to begin an art framing career. A keen interest, hard work and some aptitude will take you far in this art related field.

Instructions

1. Assess your aptitude for an art framing career. To succeed in art framing you'll need an intuitive eye for design and color. You'll also need fine motor coordination and you should enjoy working with your hands. People skills are a must since framing art means handling other people's artwork and helping them feel their artwork has received the highest quality framing treatment. Art framing involves a lot of measuring and working with fractions, so you need solid math skills. Finally, you'll need basic business skills, which can be learned as you go.

2. Investigate art framing shops or studios in your town. Each art framing studio may offer different types of services ranging from shops that help customers with do-it-yourself framing to framing studios that offer high end custom framing to art galleries and museums. Many shops offer a broad range of services to accommodate the various needs of their customers.

3. Inquire into employment openings at the art framing studios you like best. Keep in mind that studios that offer less expensive framing options are more likely to hire inexperienced applicants who need a lot of training. Shops that offer do-it-yourself type art framing that involves customer participation are superior training grounds for aspiring art framers, since instructing other people in framing techniques solidifies understanding of the craft. Customer service skills are also finely honed in this type of environment.

4. Be meticulous in your work Art framing is not a good career for those who are impatient or work hastily. Materials can be very costly and are virtually worthless when cut to the wrong size. Even worse, accidentally damaged artwork can wreak havoc on the reputation and finances of a small art framing business. You may handle valuable pieces of art, and even those that have only sentimental value are priceless to their owners.

5. Learn basic business skills. While you work at your art framing job, also take classes in basic accounting and small business management. You can enroll in basic business classes at your local community college or continuing education center.

6. Learn more about art. If you are not already studying art, take a class or two in design and fine art. This will help you better understand the way some artwork is treated in framing. For instance, for gallery shows or museum display, some serious art should be matted only with white or off-white. Some pieces of valuable art must receive archival treatment for sake of preservation. Less serious art like poster prints can be treated more freely.

7. Advancement opportunities in your art framing career will come when your employer sees your enthusiasm for the craft of framing art. Be punctual and unfailingly honest; these things will give your employer confidence in you.

Tags: basic business, framing career, that offer, basic business skills, business skills

Age & Breast Cancer Risk

Age greatly increases the risk of breast cancer.

There are a number of risk factors associated with breast cancer. Certain risk factors, such as being overweight or consuming alcohol, can be changed. Other breast cancer risk factors are inevitable or irreversible, however. One such example is age, which plays a significant role in a woman's risk of developing breast cancer.

The Facts

The risk of breast cancer increases with age. According to the Illinois Department of Public Health, 80 percent of women who are diagnosed with breast cancer are over the age of 50. Many women with breast cancer tend to be over 60. Breast cancer also becomes harder to treat among older women. The American Cancer Society reports that two out of three breast cancer cases in woman over age 55 are invasive, compared to one in eight among women under age 40.

Other Age-Related Factors

The age a woman is when she reaches menstruation and menopause or has a baby can affect her risk of developing breast cancer. According to the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, women who begin menstruating before age 12 and start menopause after 55 are at an increased risk. Having a baby before the age of 20 decreases the risk of breast cancer.

Considerations

Although age plays a prominent role in the development of breast cancer, it is important to keep in mind that a woman can be diagnosed at any age. There are young women who become diagnosed with breast cancer. Age is not the only risk factor of breast cancer. Women with a family history of breast cancer, especially if the cancer was diagnosed under the age of 40, are at an increased risk.

Prevention

Women who are older may be at a greater risk of other risk factors of breast cancer. According to the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, obese women who have gone through menopause without using hormone therapy are more likely to experience breast cancer. Exercising for more than four hours per week and following a healthy diet can help decrease a woman's chances of developing breast cancer.

Detection

According to the American Cancer Society, women should begin having yearly mammograms at age 40. Women who have a family history of breast cancer are generally recommended to begin having mammograms in their early to mid-30s, however. In some cases, they may even begin in their late 20s. Early screening is especially important if the women in their family were diagnosed before they were 40 years old. Women in their 20s and 30s should have yearly clinical breast exams.

Tags: breast cancer, breast cancer, risk factors, with breast, with breast cancer, developing breast, developing breast cancer

What Is Lucency On Xrays

Lucent areas on an X-ray appear darker than the surrounding tissue.

The discovery of X-rays represents one of the most significant accomplishments in medical history. Though the shades of white, gray and black on an X-ray film may not indicate much to the untrained eye, to trained and experienced professionals, they reveal a multitude of information about internal anatomical structures.

Mode of Action

X-rays work because the body's tissues have different densities. Dense structures, such as bones, absorb radiation rather than allow it to pass through. They appear white on the film. Since soft tissues are less dense, fewer X-rays are absorbed, more penetrate the tissues and structures appear gray. X-rays readily penetrate air, which appears black on radiographs.

Lucency vs. Opacity

A lucency on an X-ray image represents an area absorbing less radioactive energy than the surrounding tissue. Lucent areas appear dark compared to the surrounding area. An opacity indicates an area absorbing more radioactive energy than the surrounding tissue and will appear as lighter spots.

Conditions

X-rays reveal conditions that cause a reduction in density of body structures. Osteoporosis, osteomyelitis and cancer represent bone disorders in which the diseased and degraded areas show up as dark spots in the white bone. Conditions caused by the leakage or entrapment of air in regions of the body where it is not normally present, such that which accompanies a collapsed lung or some bowel conditions, also cause black lucent areas on x-rays.

Tags: surrounding tissue, than surrounding, than surrounding tissue, area absorbing, energy than

Read Medical Lab Results

Use a systematic approach to reading the results of your medical lab tests.

Medical laboratory tests are performed to analyze samples of bodily fluids or tissues to test for or monitor a disease, to monitor treatment, or to detect physiological changes that may not be accompanied by symptoms. Common samples for medical laboratory analysis are blood, urine, feces, cerebrospinal fluid and synovial fluid (found in joints). With limited medical knowledge, it can be difficult reading and interpreting your lab results. However, using a systematic method for reviewing the results can help to make the information in the lab report more understandable.

Instructions

1. Identify the different sections of your lab results report, as this will help you decipher the report. Generally, results are generated in a table format with the name of the test in one column, your result in another column and a reference range in yet another column.

2. Compare your lab results for each test to the reference range. A reference range is what is considered a normal value for the test in question.

3. Highlight all lab values that are outside of the reference range so you can focus on investigating these labs more closely. Often, lab reports will include a notation for abnormal results such as an "A" for abnormal or "H" or "L" to indicate a value that is higher or lower than the reference range.

4. Research the meaning of the abnormal lab values that were highlighted. You can find information on the Internet. You should also ask your doctor to explain the abnormal results.

Tags: reference range, your results, abnormal results, another column, values that

Symptoms Of Thyroid Gland Problems

Thyroid gland disorders interfere with the normal production of thyroid hormones. These hormones are critical to the regulation of metabolism, as well as the growth and maturation of tissues in the body. A thyroid gland disorder can wreak havoc on the body, causing many uncomfortable and occasionally dangerous symptoms.

Types of Thyroid Problems

Hyperthyroidism is the production of too much thyroid hormone, while hypothyroidism is the production of too little hormone. Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis are common thyroid disorders caused by the improper production of thyroid hormone.

Hypothyroidism Symptoms

Some common symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, intolerance to the cold, constipation, weight gain, dry skin, slowed thinking and hair loss.

Hyperthyroidism Symptoms

Some common symptoms of hyperthyroidism include insomnia, difficulty concentrating, excessive sweating, frequent bowel movements, weight loss, nervousness and irritability, increased heart rate and joint pain.

Thyroid Nodules

Some people with thyroid disorders may also have nodules on their thyroid gland. While these are fairly common and usually harmless, about four percent of these nodules may be cancerous, so it is often advised to have biopsy.

Warning

Left untreated, both types of thyroid gland disorders can result in severe, even life-threatening damage to the intestines, heart and/or brain.

Tags: thyroid gland, common symptoms, gland disorders, production thyroid, Some common, Some common symptoms

Relief From Nighttime Leg Cramps

Exercise, inadequate mineral intake, dehydration and some medications are all possible causes of nighttime leg cramps. Leg cramps occur at night because calf muscles contract when unopposed by the other muscles of the lower leg. They do not occur during the day because walking causes the calf muscle to work in cooperation with the other muscles of the lower leg at periodic intervals. This periodic controlled flexing prevents the uncontrolled spasm of a cramp.

Stretch Before Bed

Stretching your calf and leg muscles for 10 minutes before bed may reduce or eliminate cramps. This forces the muscle most likely to cramp to loosen up prior to entering a period of prolonged inactivity.

To stretch your calf muscles, perform push ups against a wall or chair. Alternatively, stand up on your tip toes, then try to stand on your heels raising your toes off the floor. You can also sit in a chair alternately pointing your toes and then flexing your foot back toward your knees.

Warm Your Legs Before Bed

Using a heating pad or water bottle to warm your calves before bed may reduce or eliminate leg cramps. This increases circulation to the region so the muscle doesn't stiffen up as you sleep. Remember not to sleep with a heating pad on your legs, you may burn them while you sleep. A hot water bottle, which cools over time, is a better option.

Take Mineral Supplements

Calcium, magnesium and potassium deficiencies can cause nighttime leg cramps. Sometimes taking supplements can resolve this problem.

Talk to your doctor if you are taking any medication for the treatment of heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes or other chronic illness before you take supplements. Taking supplements under these conditions can interfere with your medications and might cause serious injury or even death.

Once Leg Cramps Start

Flex your feet toward your knee, then point your toes, the second you feel a cramp coming on. This may stop the cramp before it begin. Once a cramp begins, your best solution is usually to move into a sitting and then a standing position. Standing and walking around will alleviate the cramp quickly.

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Pilonidal Cyst Symptoms

A pilonidal cyst is a painful abscess near the buttocks. A cyst is defined as a fluid filled sack that protrudes from the skin. In some people a pilonidal cyst is harmless and causes no problems. The cyst becomes painful and requires medical attention to alleviate symptoms when it becomes irritated and infected.

Identification

A pilonidal cyst forms as a bump in the tailbone area near the buttocks and contains fluid and pus along with hair and skin debris. The name comes from the Latin language words pilus and nidus, meaning hair and nest. This type of cyst is more common in men and is rare after the age of 40 years.

Symptoms

Some people never feel painful symptoms from a pilonidal cyst and the cyst does not become infected. Symptoms of a cyst that becomes infected are redness and warmth in the skin. A pain in the lower spine along with swelling is also common. A cyst that has broken will drain pus and blood.

Cause

A pilonidal cyst may be causes by several factors. One cause is that loose hair and skin is forced into an area that undergoes friction and pressure from rubbing skin or tight clothing. This causes the body to form a cyst as a way to fight the foreign object. A cyst may also form from a hair follicle that has stretched or grown, causing it to rupture. Once the follicle ruptures, a cyst will form in the follicle area.

Diagnosis and Treatment

A physical examination of the cyst will diagnose the type and treatment needed. There is no blood testing or imaging of the area needed. The first step in treating a pilonidal cyst or abscess is having it drained. This procedure requires only a local anesthetic. A physician cuts open the cyst and drains any fluid and pus present along with removing any hair or skin in the cyst. In cases where draining the cyst does not work, surgery is done to thoroughly clean the cyst. The cyst is packed with dressing to promote healing from the inside out. Wound care is very important following surgery to prevent infection.

Prevention

Preventing a reoccurring or new cyst involves proper hygiene of the tailbone, buttock, and groin area. Shaving or removing hair may be needed for preventing reoccurring cysts. Avoid long periods of sitting or putting pressure on the buttocks area. Weight loss in obese people may be required for prevention.

Tags: pilonidal cyst, along with, hair skin, cyst cyst, cyst does, cyst that, cyst will

Thyroid Surgery Alternatives

Thyroid surgery, whether for cancer or some other thyroid disorder, almost always means a significant recovery period and severe side effects. It is no wonder, then, that many thyroid patients want to find a non-surgical alternative for treating their thyroid problems. There are less invasive treatments available, but the effectiveness of alternative therapies depends on the nature of your thyroid condition.

Thyroid Cancer Surgery Alternatives

According to the Mayo Clinic, surgery is a must for many thyroid cancer patients, but there are some surgery alternatives, depending on how far your cancer has progressed. These alternatives include chemotherapy, radioactive iodine therapy, external radiation therapy and clinical trial medications and treatments. Note that these alternatives are often used in conjunction with surgery, but your doctor can work with you to determine if you are a good candidate for postponing surgery.

Goiter Treatments

A goiter is simply a swollen thyroid gland. When your thyroid is underactive (hypothyroidism) or overactive (hyperactive), it can become enlarged. When the swollen thyroid is visible on the neck, it is called a goiter. The right non-surgical treatment for a goiter depends on the thyroid condition causing it. Thyroid replacement hormone medications can reduce a goiter in hypothyroid patients while radioactive iodine therapy is an option in hyperthyroidism. Aspirin may also reduce the inflammation.

Hyperthyroidism Treatments

Patients with severe hyperthyroidism sometimes have their thyroids surgically removed, but there are other, less invasive options. Radioactive iodine therapy, thyroid suppressing medication and beta blockers are all options, according to the Mayo Clinic. Calcium supplements and increasing your caloric intake may also help.

Thyroid Nodule Treatments

Thyroid nodules are bumps that grow below the thyroid gland. In most cases, thyroid nodules are benign, and when they are, according to the Mayo Clinic, non-surgical options are available. Radioactive iodine therapy and thyroid suppressing medications are both choices.

Warnings

With the exception of hypothyroidism, surgery is a common treatment for many thyroid conditions, and non-surgical interventions may not be adequate. Especially in the case of thyroid cancer, your doctor may advise you that surgery is a must. Most endocrinologists, including the Mayo Clinic and Cleveland Clinic, don't believe natural remedies are effective in treating thyroid problems. If you want to avoid surgery, work closely with your doctor to determine which options are appropriate for your specific condition. Be aware, however, that it may not be possible to avoid surgery.

Tags: iodine therapy, Mayo Clinic, many thyroid, your doctor, according Mayo, according Mayo Clinic, avoid surgery

What Is Hydrion Paper

Hydrion paper is a brand of litmus paper manufactured by the Micro Essential Laboratory corporation. These litmus papers measure the pH level of various substances. This has a variety of uses, but the paper is primarily used within educational institutions to demonstrate how the pH scale works.

The Company

Micro Essential Laboratory produces the Hydrion brand of litmus paper. The company was founded in 1934 by Walter Florin. The company, which is based in Brooklyn, New York, also uses the technology to test diabetics.

Litmus Paper

Litmus paper, the type of product that Hydrion paper is, tests the pH level of a substance, which means it determines is acidity. This is done based on a color change in the paper. Litmus paper generally comes in two colors, red or blue. Blue paper will stay the same color when submerged in a basic substance, and red paper will remain red in acidic substances. When red paper is placed in a base or blue paper is placed in an acid, the paper's color will change. The blue paper turns red because it is gaining ions from the acid causing a reaction within the paper.

Litmus Paper History

The pH scale was invented in 1909 in Europe, and some form of pH indicator had to be used to put the scale into practical usage. In 1934, Arnold Orville Beckman, who founded Beckman Instruments, invented the pH meter, which measures acidity.

Usage

The usage of litmus paper is somewhat limited by its very specific function. It is often used in schools to explain the difference between acids and bases. It is also used in agriculture and gardening to help determine the pH balance of soil. Variants of the paper are also used for testing the glucose level in the urine of diabetic patients. Reactions other than the standard color change are possible with other substances. For example, warmed bleach will release a chlorine gas that turns litmus paper white.

Tags: also used, blue paper, brand litmus, brand litmus paper, color change, Essential Laboratory

Use Ultrasonic Technology For Facials

Use Ultrasonic Technology for Facials

Ultrasound technology is well established as an imaging technique and is now being used as a skincare therapy. It is a painless, noninvasive procedure that produces noticeable results after as little as one treatment. Ultrasound can be an effective treatment for age spots, mature skin, fine lines and wrinkles. The following steps will show use ultrasonic technology on facials. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Apply ultrasonic treatments to the face with a handheld device at home. These units are similar to the expensive machines used in high-end beauty salons and can produce similar results.

2. Use the ultrasound device to generate sound waves that penetrate the skin to increase blood and oxygen circulation to underlying tissue. The skin can now more easily absorb moisture and anti-oxidants from skin care products.

3. Move the ultrasound device over the skin for 10 to 15 minutes per day for healthy, smooth and youthful skin. The settings on advanced ultrasonic devices may be adjusted for the desired effect. Some devices have a separate setting to prevent wrinkles and lighten age spots.

4. Prevent blackheads and pimples with ultrasonic treatments. The strong pressure and vibrations that are generated can cause sebum in the pores to come out easily.

5. Check the contraindications for ultrasound facials. They should not be performed on people with pacemakers, metallic or silicon implants. Ultrasound devices are not recommended for pregnant women and people prone to seizures. These devices should not be used on areas with infections, open wounds, sores or tumors.

Tags: Technology Facials, Ultrasonic Technology, Ultrasonic Technology Facials, ultrasonic treatments, ultrasound device

Breast Lift & Reduction

Women with back and neck issues resulting from their large breasts often consider breast reduction. After removing the excess skin, surgeons may recommend getting a breast lift to improve the visual appearance of the area. Before undergoing these procedures, it helps to learn what to expect.

Breast Lift

According to the Mayo Clinic, a breast lift (also called mastopexy) can stop the breasts from dropping by raising the position of the breasts and the nipples. During the procedure, the patient is given local anesthesia with a sedative. The procedure lasts about two to three hours, and the patient can return home the same day.

After the surgery, the patient can expect bruising in the affected area for up to three weeks and swelling that lasts up to six weeks. The Mayo Clinic describes the pain associated with this procedure as moderate, and can be controlled with prescription pain medications. After several months, the scarring improves, and sagging should be reduced.

Risks of a breast lift include infection, bleeding, issues resulting from anesthesia, reduced sensation in the nipple and scarring issues.

Breast Reduction

Women with large breasts often complain about pain in the neck and back. According to the Mayo Clinic, these symptoms can be improved with breast reduction.

During the procedure, the surgeon makes an incision around the areola and removes extra tissue in the breast. This surgery lasts up to three hours and is performed under general anesthesia. After the surgery, pain medication is administered and antibiotics may be given to reduce the chances of infection. Most patients with this surgery have the choice of staying one night at the hospital or going home the same day.

During recovery, your breasts feel swollen and bruised. After a month, this pain should start to go away.

Risks of this procedure can include pain in the nipples, issues with breast feeding and asymmetry in breasts, which may require additional surgery.

Cost of Breast Lift and Reduction

According to the Mayo Clinic, the cost of breast reduction can range up to $10,000, depending on your surgeon. If this procedure is medically necessary to reduce your back and neck symptoms, your insurance may cover it.

The cost of getting a breast lift will vary but ranges up to $9,000, depending on your surgeon. This procedure isn't typically covered by insurance carriers.

Tags: Mayo Clinic, According Mayo, According Mayo Clinic, breast lift, breast reduction, this procedure

What Is Dysplasia Of The Cervix

What Is Dysplasia of the Cervix?

Dysplasia of the cervix is something that affects many women each year. It can be scary to hear back from the doctor that there are abnormal results in your pap smear. Knowing and understanding what cervical dysplasia is may help calm the fear. In the modern age, severe or fatal cases are nearly non-existent, especially in women who have a pap smear each year.

Definition

The word dysplasia comes from two root words. Dys means abnormal and plasia means growth. Therefore, dysplasia means abnormal growth. The cervix is the opening in the uterus that leads to the vagina. Cervical dysplasia is an abnormal growth on the cervix. Specifically, when a woman is diagnosed with cervical dysplasia, it means she has abnormal cells growing on her cervix.

Types

Dysplasia of the cervix is categorized into three levels. The first is mild dysplasia. Mild dysplasia is also called CIN I. This means that there are just a few abnormal cells growing. Moderate dysplasia of the cervix is called CIN II. In this case, the cervix consists of approximately half normal cells and half abnormal cells. In severe cervical dysplasia, called CIN III, the cervix has been taken over by abnormal cells and is considered to have non-invasive cervical cancer.

Mild and Moderate Cervical Dysplasia

Mild dysplasia is sometimes treated by a doctor. Some doctors will allow it to go untreated for a time while keeping an eye on it, because 60 percent of the time, the body will heal itself. Other doctors choose to treat the condition immediately in order to stop it from progressing. Moderate dysplasia is always treated, because if left untreated it will almost always progress to a severe dysplasia, which is considered to be cancer.

Severe Cervical Dysplasia

Severe dysplasia of the cervix is also called "carcinoma-in-situ." This means "cancer in place." At this point, the dysplasia has become cancerous, but the cancerous cells are only on the outside of the cervical skin, are easy to treat, and are not considered life threatening. A woman's cervical dysplasia reaches the category of "severe" when the entire surface of the cervix has been taken over by abnormal cells. Treatment is still fairly simple because the abnormal cells are in the outer layer of the cervical skin.

Invasive Cervical Cancer

Invasive cervical cancer is the result of not treating dysplasia of the cervix. The "cancer in place" begins to spread from the surface layer of the skin and enters the body. At this point, treatment is much more complicated and the cancer could spread to other parts of the body. A woman who gets regular annual pap smears will almost never escalate to this condition because her doctor would catch it in the much earlier stages and treat the dysplasia before it had a chance to become harmful.

Tags: abnormal cells, means abnormal, abnormal cells growing, abnormal growth, abnormal growth cervix, also called, been taken

Homebased Medical Transcriptionist Job Description

Medical transcriptionists use headsets to transcribe dictated medical reports.

Medical transcriptionists transcribe dictation for a variety of medical reports dictated by physicians and other health-care professionals. Transcriptionists have to dictate chart reviews, diagnostic imaging studies, operations, discharge summaries, emergency room visits, consultations and final summaries using transcribing machines with a headset and foot pedal. It is the responsibility of the transcriptionist to review and edit transcribed reports for clarity, spelling, grammar, consistency and proper medical terminology.

Duties

The duties required of a home-based medical transcriptionist include translating medical jargon and abbreviations into their expanded forms to make sure everything in the patient and health-care records is accurate; returning dictated reports in electronic or printed form for the physician to review, sign and correct; performing data entry and data retrieval services; and deciding which information should be included or excluded in reports. Medical transcriptionists also set up and maintain medical files and databases, answer inquiries regarding the progress of medical cases, and perform clerical duties such as completing and submitting insurance claims, typing and filing.

Skills

A home-based medical transcriptionist needs active listening skills, time management skills, reading comprehension skills and writing skills. It is important to have active listening skills in order to correctly and accurately transcribe medical reports. Time management skills are useful when balancing the day's tasks. Reading comprehension skills are important when reviewing reports for accuracy. You must be able to understand what you're reading in order to complete reports. Writing skills are helpful for communicating effectively in written form. Having oral comprehension skills is also important, as transcriptionists need to be able to understand dictated material as well as read and understand written information.

Knowledge

Medical transcriptionists must have knowledge of the English language and administrative and clerical procedures and systems, such as managing records and files, word processing, designing forms, stenography and transcription, and other office procedures and terminology. They must also have knowledge of medical terminology and medicine and dentistry knowledge. They must know the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human diseases, injuries and deformities, including treatment alternatives, preventative health-care measures, symptoms, and drug properties and interactions.

Requirements

Most medical transcriptionists working at home acquire training provided by a vocational school, but some complete a two-year associate's degree or one-year certificate program. These courses teach anatomy, legal issues regarding health care, medical terminology, and English punctuation and grammar. Some of these programs include supervised on-the-job experience. Home-based medical transcriptionists usually complete distance-learning programs.

Salary

Medical transcriptionists made an average hourly rate of $15.41 in May 2008, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Tags: Medical transcriptionists, comprehension skills, medical reports, medical terminology, able understand, active listening

History Of Health Information Technology Imaging

The X-ray was the first medical diagnostic imaging technology.

Health information imaging technology began with the 1895 discovery of X-rays by Dr. Wilhelm Roentgen. Imaging allows health care professionals to examine visual images of the human body without performing intrusive procedures.

The Early Years

In 1913, Berlin pathologist Albert Solomon developed mammography. It has been used since 1927 for the early detection of breast cancer.

The 1950s and 1960s

In the 1950s, British physicist Rosalind Franklin used X-ray crystallography to reveal the basic DNA molecule helical structure. In 1959, ultrasound was developed to detect tumors and examine the health of unborn babies. In 1962, the first positron emission tomography device was invented. A PET scan uses radiation to produce images of the body's functional processes. It is used to diagnose and monitor the progression of health conditions, such as cancer, epilepsy and heart disease.

The 1970s Onward

Magnetic resonance imaging technology was developed in 1972. The computerized axial tomography scanner, or CAT scan, was developed in 1982. This device produces cross-sectional and three-dimensional images of internal organs using images from multiple X-ray scans. In 1987, echo-planar imaging, or EPI, was used to perform real-time movie imaging of a single cardiac cycle. Together with an MRI, it can map regions of the brain responsible for thought and motor control, and provide early detection of acute stroke.

Tags: imaging technology, early detection