Breast reduction surgery is performed on women who suffer from the pain and discomfort of large breasts. The surgery is also done to correct breasts that are visually unequal. Bilateral reduction involves both breasts, while unilateral reductions, just one. Surgical techniques for reduction have improved with technology.
Techniques
Individual factors help surgeons to determine appropriate reduction techniques. The incisions design depends upon the size and shape of your breasts. Surgeons will predetermine how many incisions are required based on the size of reduction. The most common technique involves making three incisions. One incision follows the breast crease, another runs vertically from areola (nipple area) to crease under breast; finally an incision is made around the areola. This method allows the surgeon to remove excess breast tissue, while leaving the areola in place to preserve sensation. For women with very large breasts, surgeons may need to remove the nipple and areola during the procedure. Once tissue has been removed and breasts reshaped, they are placed higher and then reattached.
Insurance coverage
Insurance providers stipulate that the procedure must be medically necessary to receive coverage. Your insurance company may ask for consent to predetermined size of reduction before the procedure is performed. This may be a stipulation of the insurance company for payment of services. If you choose to have the surgery for cosmetic reasons and pay out of pocket, procedures currently cost from $5000 to $10,000.
Risks
As with all surgical procedures there are risks when undergoing a breast reduction. These include harmful reaction to anesthesia, bleeding and infection. There could also be loss of blood supply to nipple area, leading to removal.
Tags: insurance company, large breasts, nipple area, size reduction
Natural and organic medical treatments are becoming more popular every year. One of these natural treatments is the use of ground clove. Clove is an herb that is used in many different ways, including in baking and in non-tobacco cigarettes. It has a wide variety of potential benefits.
Mosquito Repellent
Mosquitoes are an irritating pest and also a potential health hazard. These blood-sucking insects are very small and sometimes hard to see. They also breed prolifically. Usually merely annoying, they can also spread diseases due to the fact that they suck and transmit blood from one victim to another. Good mosquito repellents are important. The oil in ground clove is an excellent mosquito repellent. Mixing ground clove with water and then spreading it on your skin will give you a good natural mosquito repellent that will last for four to five hours.
Anti-Inflammatory Qualities
Inflammation can be a painful and even debilitating condition. Inflammation is caused by many diseases and sometimes simply by over-straining of the body. Ground clove can be an excellent anti-inflammation medicine. Eugenol is the most common ingredient in clove oil. WorldsHealthiestFoods.com states that animal studies have shown that clove extract brings significant anti-inflammatory benefits. According to the website, ground clove, combined with other anti-inflammatory ingredients, can reduce symptoms of inflammation by another 15 to 30 percent.
Anesthetic
Many medical procedures can be painful and would be impossible to endure without the use of an anesthetic. Anesthetics vary in their use and results. Some simply numb pain, while others put a person to sleep. Anesthetics are very important in the dental field, as most dental procedures are performed while the patient is still awake. Elements4Health.com reports that eugenol, which comes from ground clove, has been used in the United States as an anesthetic during root canals, fillings and to soothe general gum pain. Ground clove has also been used in throat sprays and mouth washes.
Aphrodisiac
As men grow older, it can be harder and harder to be active sexually. Many men experience impotence and cannot experience the joy of sex. There are a wide variety of products available on the market to remedy this situation, Viagra being a famous example. However, Elements4Health.com reports that ground clove may be an excellent natural aphrodisiac. It has long been used traditionally as an aphrodisiac, but Elements4Health.com reports about a study that showed "a significant and sustained increase in the sexual activity of normal male rats, without any adverse effects." Since ground clove is safe to consume, and users normally have no ill side effects, integrating ground clove into your diet may help with any sexual dysfunction in your life.
High in Nutrients
Ground clove is high in a wide variety of nutrients and minerals. It is a very good source of manganese. SeekThatHealth Blog reports that ground clove is high in vitamins B6, B9, C and K, magnesium, omega 3 fatty acids, dietary fiber, calcium, natural fats, iron and potassium. All of these vitamins, fats and minerals are essential to your diet. There are many clove supplements available over-the-counter. However, you can simply buy clove, grind it up and include it in a cup of tea or as a baking ingredient.
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There are many reasons a woman might elect to have breast augmentation surgery. Whether it's to boost her self esteem or to give her that hourglass figure she's always dreamed of, breast augmentation surgery is wildly popular. Finding a good, reputable plastic surgeon is key when considering breast implants.
The Facts
The medical name for breast augmentation is augmentation mammoplasty. In this procedure, the cosmetic surgeon inserts implants to enhance the shape and size of a woman's breasts. The woman usually is able to return to her normal daily routine in about one to two days and should be fully recovered within two weeks. Breast augmentation surgery usually lasts around 2.5 hours, and the woman is put under general anesthesia during the procedure. There is a moderate level of pain involved with the surgery, but it is an outpatient procedure. Breast augmentation costs between $5,000 and $10,000 as of September 2009, depending on the cosmetic surgeon's fees. Do plenty of research on the plastic surgeons that you're considering. Just because his fees may be more expensive doesn't mean he's the best surgeon.
Types of Implants
There are two different types of implants that are used for breast augmentation. The only type of implants the Food and Drug Administration has approved are saline-filled implants. The silicone-gel implants are not approved for regular breast augmentation procedures. They are only to be used in certain studies. Saline implants vary in volume, texture, thickness, profile and shape. They can be round, or appear more anatomically correct. The FDA only approves the saline implants that are filled at the time of the procedure, not the ones that are filled by the manufacturer. Saline implants are much safer than silicone because your body will absorb the saline solution like a glass of drinking water should the implants rupture.
Dangers of Silicone Implants
Silicone implants pose many health risks. That is why they currently are not approved by the FDA. Should the silicone implant rupture, the patient could suffer from infection, capsular contraction, excessive bleeding, and changes in nipple and breast sensitivity. The FDA issued a moratorium on silicone implants in the early 1990s, and it will remain in place until manufacturers can prove there is little risk associated with them.
Benefits
Many women can benefit from breast augmentation surgery. Women who have self-esteem issues because of their small breasts may elect to have this procedure done. This usually gives them a quick boost. Also, women who have undergone a mastectomy due to cancer can get their womanly figure back. In this case, the procedure actually can help the cancer survivor heal emotionally because she isn't constantly reminded of her condition.
Risks
Breast augmentation comes with its fair share of risks, regardless of the type of implants that are used. Implants can interfere with a mammogram, not allowing a full view of all the breast tissue. It is best that breast implants are placed under the muscle because a mammogram will be able to detect around 90 percent of the breast tissue. If the implants are placed above the muscle, only 75 percent of the breast tissue can be seen. Other risks of breast augmentation surgery include: saline implant deflation, implant displacement, silicone implant rupture, capsular contracture, rippling, nipple numbness, infection, sloshing, hematoma and bleeding.
Tags: augmentation surgery, breast augmentation surgery, breast tissue, implants that, About Breast
Careers in the medical field are the fastest growing careers today. The benefits of pursuing a career in the medical field are many. Dental care is an important part of overall health and well-being, making a career as a dental hygienist an in-demand career option.
Identification
A dental hygienist works with a dentist. The focus of a dental hygienist is preventative dental care, such as cleaning the teeth and educating patients on proper care of the teeth between visits to the dentist. A dental hygienist often takes X-rays and examines the teeth and gums for signs of gum disease or other problems. Cleaning the teeth involves removing plaque (soft and hard deposits on the teeth), stains and calculus (tartar--calcified deposits on the teeth).
A dental hygienist often does the preliminary examination, including tests and X-rays, and consults with the dentist for the results of tests. Some dental hygienists also administer anesthetics when extractions or other work requiring anesthetics is to be done. One the dentist has seen the patient, the dental hygienist often meets with the patient and discusses care for the teeth and gums after a procedure, care for the teeth and gums between visits and how diet and lifestyle affect the teeth.
Features
The salary for a dental hygienist varies according to geography and size of the dental office. As with many jobs, dental hygienists in large cities have the potential to earn more than a dental hygienist in a rural community. Experience can also be a factor in the salary of a dental hygienist.
The range of salary for a dental hygienist is around $19/hour on the low side to over $42/hour on the high side. The average salary is around $30/hour. However, not all dental hygienists work for an hourly rate. Some work on commission, and the salary can vary a great deal depending on the factors involved--geography, size of business and whether the hygienist works part-time or full-time. In many cases, a dental hygienist who works on a commission basis receive bonuses for exceeding goals.
Benefits
Just as the salary is dependent upon certain factors, so are the benefits. Benefits range from paid vacations to health and dental insurance and bonuses for exceeding goals. Full-time hygienists often receive more benefits than part-time hygienists. And the benefits are better for hygienists working for hospitals, large dental practices and in a government capacity, such as at a school.
A career as a dental hygienist also comes with the added benefit of flexibility in some settings. Many hygienists work part-time, and hours may be flexible depending on the needs of the dental office.
Time Frame
It is possible to begin a career as a dental hygienist in as little as 2 years. The education requirements vary depending on which aspect of dental hygiene a person is interested in. To work as a dental hygienist in a private practice, a 2-year degree in dental hygiene is sufficient. These courses can be found in technical and community colleges. Someone completing a 2-year course in dental hygiene is awarded an associate degree.
A prospective dental hygienist who plans to work for a public school, or in a research, teaching or administration, is required to obtain a 4-year degree from a public or private college. The 4-year degree involves 2 years of prerequisite education such as English, math, science, health and other courses as well as 2 years in dental hygiene education. Someone completing a 4-year course in dental hygiene is awarded a bachelor's degree.
Significance
According to the U.S. Department of Labor, dental hygienist careers are one of the fastest-growing career in the medical field. The estimated growth expectancy in this field of around 30 percent in the 10 years between 2006 and 2016 makes a career as a dental hygienist an appealing choice. The flexibility, salary and benefits make this a good career choice for candidates who like to work in an environment that promotes preventative health care.
Tags: dental hygienist, dental hygienist, dental hygiene, career dental, career dental hygienist
A basic eye exam is meant not only to prescribe needed vision correction, but also to examine the health of your eyes. The exam is generally pain free and takes less than an hour to complete.
Types
The type of eye exam will depend on the eye specialist. An ophthalmologist (an eye doctor who specializes in eye care and diseases) may perform specific tests, if any type of surgery or medical treatment is indicated.
Function
An optometrist is the doctor most often visited for basic eye exams. According to the Mayo Clinic, an optometrist evaluates your vision and prescribes corrective lenses. He may also diagnose common eye diseases and prescribe medication.
History
When you have a basic eye exam, an assistant such as the ophthalmic technician or nurse will take a complete medical history. It is important to list all medical issues and medications. You will also be requested to give a history of any eye disease or problems you may have.
Tests
You will be given a glaucoma screening test and asked to read a vision chart to check visual acuity with and without your current eyewear. According to opt.indiana.edu, color vision testing is recommended as part of a basic eye exam, especially for males.
More Tests
Expect a slit-lamp exam where a bright light illuminates the front of your eye so the doctor can see it under microscopic examination. You may be given special eye drops to reveal any damage to the cornea. Other tests may include visual field screening to check for any blind spots or peripheral vision loss.
Frequency
According to the Mayo Clinic, factors that affect the frequency for a basic eye exam include age, general health and a history or risk of developing eye problems.
Tags: basic exam, According Mayo, According Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic
Bremerton is located on the Kitsap Peninsula and is part of Kitsap County, which is on the west side of Puget Sound in western Washington. The city has its own boardwalk area, a historic arts district and a naval air station. Bremerton's location allows its residents access to both freshwater and saltwater fishing areas, and the city hosts its own annual fishing day for kids.
Bodies of Water
Being part of the Kitsap Peninsula, Bremerton is nearly surrounded by bodies of water. That includes inlets such as the Sinclair Inlet, which is just south of Bremerton, and the Dyes Inlet, which is just north. There are also several bays from which you can cast your line from the shore, including Mud Bay, Phinney Bay, Ostrich Bay and Oyster Bay. Just across Highway 3 west of Bremerton is Kitsap Lake, one of 17 freshwater lakes around Bremerton and Kitsap County. Just a short ferry ride away is Puget Sound, where the fish come in from the Pacific Ocean.
What to Catch
According to the Kitsap Peninsula Visitor and Convention Bureau, large-mouth bass is one of the most popular catches in the freshwaters around Bremerton, but it's not the only one. They also produce lunker bass and rainbow trout. Some of the most popular catches in saltwater include halibut, salmon, lingcod and sea bass.
Kids Fishing Day
The city of Bremerton hosts a Kids Fishing Day every year in April. Kids can fish for rainbow trout from a lake near the Bremerton Forestry Division compound. The trout is donated by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. The city furnishes fishing gear for kids that don't have it. The city has hosted the event for more than 50 years. The event is free.
Licensing
Residents and non-residents are required to have licenses when they fish. Given the proximity to both freshwater and saltwater, you should consider a combination fishing license, which allows you to fish in both types of water. The state features a discounted license that allows you to do just that. Yearly licenses are priced at several different levels, including residents, non-residents, seniors, youths and the disabled. If you're visiting Bremerton and you're not planning on doing a lot of fishing, a short-term license may be for you. You can purchase a license that ranges from one to five days.
Charters
Bremerton's proximity to Puget Sound has made it a haven for the fishing charter business. A half-dozen charter fishing businesses call the Bremerton area home. These businesses have boats that can take you to popular fishing areas in Puget Sound and other saltwater and freshwater fishing areas around Bremerton. You should check with several different charter services to see if they offer services such as lunch and help with cleaning your catches, as well as have any surcharges associated with using them.
Tags: Puget Sound, around Bremerton, fishing areas, Kitsap Peninsula, both freshwater, both freshwater saltwater, Bremerton Kitsap
A myelogram is a detailed image of the spine that is produced by sticking a needle in the spinal canal and inserting contrast material or dye. The dye provides a better view of the spine as a fluroscope helps detect certain abnormalities, including the cause of sciatica pain. According to the article "Myelography" by the experts at Radiologyinfo.org, this procedure can injure nerves in the spinal canal, which may actually cause sciatica pain. Treatment usually includes rest, immobilization, medication, ice, heat and exercise.
Rest, Immobilization and Medication
If you have sciatica pain, it is best to stop all physical activity for a few days and rest. During this time, you may want to use a back brace for your lower back. This will help immobilize your lower back when you need to get around or work. If your sciatica pain is severe, you should consider wearing the back brace at night, too. The back brace will prevent sudden movement which can further aggravate your sciatica pain. Take two ibuprofen or naproxen every four to six hours for pain relief. Continue taking one of these anti-inflammatory medications until your pain is gone. If these OTC (over-the-counter) medications are ineffectual, call your doctor. He may prescribe an oral steroid or give you a cortisone shot for your pain.
Ice and Heat
Ice should be used on your lower back during the first 48 or 72 hours. Ice helps constrict the blood vessels, which minimizes the flow of blood to the back, the main cause of initial swelling, inflammation and pain. Make sure the ice is compressed directly against your source of pain for 15 to 20 minutes. You can safely use ice every three or four hours. Once the initial inflammation is under control, use a heating pad or take a hot bath several times per day for 15 to 20 minutes. Heat promotes blood flow. Blood carries oxygen and certain nutrients (i.e. vitamin C) which are essential for healing. Continue using the heating pad until your sciatica pain has subsided.
Exercise
Stretching and strength-building exercises for the lower back and adjacent muscles can help relieve sciatica pain. Start out by stretching your lower back on the floor. Lie down with your knees up and both feet on the floor. Slowly press your lower back against the floor and hold that position for two to five seconds. Do 10 repetitions. Another exercise for sciatica is pulling your knees to your chest while lying on the floor. Hold that position for two to five seconds and relax. Do 10 repetitions. You can also pull one knee toward your chest while extending the other leg. Stretching can help increase flexibility in your lower back muscles as well as increase blood flow. Strength-building exercises will help stabilize your spine and take pressure off the nerves in your lower back.
Chiropractors
A chiropractor can also help you alleviate or heal your sciatica pain. He can manipulate your spine or put you on certain traction machines that can stimulate blood flow and relieve pain. A physical therapist can also help you overcome sciatica pain.
Tags: sciatica pain, lower back, your lower, your lower back, your sciatica
Government grants help states and local communities expand or develop recreational facilities.
If a community wants to expand the amount of recreational facilities available to its citizens, the federal government has a number of programs to assist with this. Federal agencies like the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Housing and Urban Development administer the grants. However, these grants are open only to state and local governments, and grant amounts will vary based on need.
Community Development Block Grants
The purpose of the Community Development Block Grant is to improve neighborhoods, promote economic development and create or improve community facilities--including recreational facilities--and other services. These funds can be used to obtain property for public use, construct or demolish buildings and offer or improve public facilities. This grant is open to cities located within large metropolitan areas, cities with more than 50,000 residents and urban counties with 200,000 or more residents. Grants are accepted from November through August, and approval times can take between 60 and 90 days. Grant amounts range from around $70,000 to the extreme high $180,000,000, but most grants will be a lot less than the topmost amount.
Department of Housing and Urban Development
451 7th Street Southwest
Room 7282
Washington, DC 20410
202-402-5441
hud.gov
Community Facilities Loans and Grants
The Department of Agriculture's Rural Development division administers the Community Facilities Loans and Grants program. The funds from this grant can be used to create, expand or improve community facilities and services. This grant is given to local and state governments, tribal governments and non-profits, and the funds from these grants must benefit rural residents. Grant funds must be used for a specific project, and grant amounts will vary based on project needs. Generally, however, grant amounts range from $500 to $175,000, with most grants being less than the topmost amount.
Department of Agriculture
Stop 0788/1400 Independence Avenue, Southwest
Washington, DC 20250
202-720-1490
rurdev.usda.gov
Outdoor Recreation-Acquisition, Development and Planning
The Department of the Interior administers this grant, which seeks to help states prepare Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plans. The grant also provides states with funds to obtain and develop outdoor recreation lands and facilities that will benefit the local community. Only states and state agencies are eligible to apply for this grant, and states must match the grant amount by 50 percent. Grant monies expire within three years of being awarded, and grant amounts range from $150 to over $5,000,000.
National Park Service/Department of the Interior
Recreation Programs
1849 C Street, Northwest
Washington, DC 20240
202-354-6900
nps.gov
Tags: grant amounts, amounts range, amounts range from, Department Agriculture, range from, amount Department
Neuromas are non-cancerous growths composed of thickened nerve tissue. According to the PodiatryNetwork.com, neuromas most often develop on the ball of the foot. A neuroma that is located on the foot is called Morton's neuroma.
Identification
When you have a neuroma, you may experience numbness or tingling in your toes, as well as burning pain in the ball of the foot.
Causes
According to the Mayo Clinic, it's unclear exactly what causes a neuroma. However, it's likely associated with a trauma or compression of the nerves in your feet.
Risk Factors
You may be more susceptible to developing a neuroma if you injure your foot, if you engage in sports that repeatedly impact your foot (such as running) and if you wear tight shoes or high-heeled shoes.
Diagnosis
A neuroma does not leave a visible lump on your foot, so diagnosis may be tricky. Your doctor may use an x-ray to find the mass, as well as determine whether there is a "clicking" in your foot bones.
Solution
Try simple treatments first, such as purchasing shoes that fit better, rest, using arch supports and using over-the-counter pain relievers. If these measures are inadequate, talk to your doctor about using corticosteroid injections; surgery is a last resort.
Updating digital signage is easy for the publisher, as it usually requires only a new DVD.
Digital signage refers to video or dynamic image signs. This can be a flat screen TV in a bar that loops sponsored ads, a projected image of ads on the side of a building or a large screen the size of a billboard in a public space. Digital signage offers greater depth for advertisers, as they can show full ads, sometimes with sound. The ads are, in turn, more engaging that the static images of traditional signage.
Instructions
1. Determine what form or forms of digital signage will be sold. Is equipment being sold to businesses and publishers? Is the ad space being sold to advertisers? If equipment is being sold, what equipment? Where is the equipment best suited to be placed? Are they small washroom digital signs? Are they big billboards? Is the content management system being sold to update the ads? Once this has been determined, it will be easier to identify a target market.
2. Identify a target market. Depending on what is being sold, different markets should be targeted. Bars, restaurants and lounges are ideal for washroom signage and behind-the-bar signage. Property owners who currently have traditional billboards are good candidates for digital signage. If the digital signage is already in place and ad space is being sold, then consider where the equipment is located and approach complimentary businesses. For example, if digital signage is in a bar, a natural partnership would be with a beer company.
3. Develop sales and marketing material. Prepare an easy-to-read package for both publishers (bars, venues) and advertisers. Outline exactly how the process works. The simpler the process is to understand, the stronger the selling proposition. Develop a pricing model. Some publishers may prefer to buy the digital signage equipment outright and then attract their own advertisers. Others may want to engage in a partnership and have the digital signage company find the advertisers. Both scenarios demand different pricing models.
4. Approach prospective clients. Most clients will be businesses. As a result, it will be easy to go to the business in person and speak with a company representative. Come prepared with marketing material and a sales pitch. Look professional and know the product well. Approach media buyers. These are large ad agencies who buy ad space for different companies. Form an alliance with a media buyer and they will work to keep fresh content on digital signage.
Tags: being sold, digital signage, digital signage, equipment being, equipment being sold, marketing material, space being
After every visit to a hospital or your doctor's office, your health insurance company mails a document called an "EOB" or explanation of benefits to your home. The explanation of benefits can be very difficult to understand. If you have ever asked yourself, "What do I owe; Who do I pay; Why was this denied; What is the next step"? This article is for you.
Instructions
1. A standard (EOB) Explanation of Benefits will have the following terms with this key statement:
Explanation of Benefits for Services Provided By: XYZ MAIN HOSPITAL
(DOS) Date of Service - indicates the day or range of days the physician or hospital provided the service.
Service Code - An internal code assigned by the health insurance plan classifying the type of service you received, i.e office visit, immunization, etc.
At this point verify if you were provided these services on the date indicated by the physician or hospital listed. If not, immediately contact your health insurance plan. During registration there could be a mix-up between you and another patient. Many names are common and often busy front desk staff do not pay attention to fine details such as date of birth or medical record number which further distinguish one patient from the next.
2. The next terms that appear on the EOB detail the amount you and your health insurance plan have been charged by your physician or hospital and the amount that is due after all contracted discounts and rules have been applied.
Total Charge - This is the amount of money your physician or hospital charged the health insurance plan for providing services to you.
Ineligible Amount - The amount of the physician or hospital charge that is NOT covered by your health insurance plan. This usually indicates the amount of money you will have to pay.
Reason Code - This is an internal code used by your health insurance plan to explain the reason for the ineligible amount. This is also called a denial reason.
There are many denials reasons including; cosmetic services (these are not covered by most plans), bundling (when physicians itemize bill for services that are part of a package), no pre-certification or authorization, not a plan benefit, etc.
All denial reasons are not the patient's responsibility. Often when the physician or hospital are in breach of contract the services are denied but it is not the financial responsibility of the patient. Beware!!! Many physicians and hospitals will try to pass the bill on to you. Contact your health insurance plan if you suspect this.
Discount Amount - Insurance companies have contracts with physicians and hospitals for a discount off of the total charge amount of the service provided. This amount does NOT have to be paid by your or your health insurance plan.
3. The last set of terms detail the amount of money that is actually paid to the health provider by your insurance company or the amount you are responsible for paying.
Covered by Plan - The amount of money actually PAID to the physician or hospital by your health insurance plan on your behalf.
Deductible Amount - The amount of money you owe the physician or hospital that is applied towards your yearly deductible. The amount of your deductible depends on the plan in which you are enrolled.
Most insurance plans have in-network and out-of-network physicians. A deductible is usually not owed for in-network physicians. Before enrollment in any insurance plan you should verify that your physician is an in-network provider.
Co-Pay Amount - The amount of money that is due and paid by you at the time the health service is rendered.
Many physicians require co-pay payment before the service is rendered. If the EOB shows the co-pay amount and you have already paid your physician you can disregard it. If you have not paid the exact co-pay amount you may owe an additional amount or you may be due a refund from your physician. Keep all of your health related receipts in a designated area to check them against the EOB.
Balance - This is the amount that is due after all discounts, deductibles, and co-pay have been subtracted.
Paid at - This is usually a percentage and it shows what percentage of charge your insurance company paid your health service provider. This is dependent on your health plan contract. Many HMOs pay at 100%, while PPOs pay at 80%.
Payment Amount - The amount of money that was paid by your health insurance plan to the health provider.
4. The EOBs also indicate who the payment was sent to and the actual check number for reference.
Each Explanation of Benefits ends with an ERISA Statement. This simply informs you that by federal law you are entitled to appeal all health insurance denials. Most plans allow for two appeals. Each insurance plan will provide you with a full description of these rights upon request.
Tags: health insurance, insurance plan, your health, health insurance plan, your health insurance
Halloween is the one holiday that lets you dress sexy and fun. An adult kitten costume can range from innocent to naughty. A sexy kitten costume is simple to put together and draws the attention of people at parties or when trick-or-treating.
Instructions
1. Pick a base color for your sexy kitten costume. Black is best for Halloween, but white and pink are also good colors. Stay away from orange and brown, because those colors are harder to make sexy.
2. Choose a form-fitting outfit made of Lycra, leather, velvet or vinyl. Pick a one-piece leotard, a faux-fur-trimmed halter top with a matching mini-skirt or a tight mini-dress.
3. Wear stiletto heels or knee-high boots with your sexy kitten costume. If you're doing a lot of walking on Halloween, choose a boot or shoe with a thicker heel for more support.
4. Use dark eye makeup to create a smoky effect and glue on long, fake eyelashes. Apply red lipstick and glue on extra long fingernails to represent claws.
5. Complete your sexy kitten look with fuzzy ears, a bow tie and a long tail. A tail that sticks up is sexier than a tail that hangs down. You can innocently stroke your tail with your hand for added sex appeal.
Tags: kitten costume, sexy kitten, sexy kitten costume, your sexy, your sexy kitten, tail that, with your
A bone-density test, also called a densitometry or DEXA scan, is a way to determine your risk for osteoporosis, a disease that causes bones to become more fragile and increases their likelihood of breaking. A bone-density test measures bone mineral content, or the number of grams of calcium and other bone minerals that are in each bone segment. The greater the bone density, the less likely the bone is to break.Bone-density tests are recommended for women ages 65 and older, or those 60 and younger who have an increased risk of osteoporosis. The results are reported as two different scores, the T-score and Z-score. Learning to interpret your bone-density test score will help you determine your level of risk for osteoporosis.
Instructions
1. Look at your T-score, which measures your bone density compared to that of a normal, healthy adult your age. The T-score is the number of units, or standard deviations (SD), the separate your particular bone density from your age group's standard. Above average is -1 or more. That means your bones are strong and healthy, and you have very low risk of osteoporosis.
2. Look carefully at a a T-score between -1 and -2.5. This score indicates osteopenia, or-below normal bone density, which puts you at risk ofosteoperosis.
3. Be wary of a T-score below -2.5. This score means that you have osteoporosis. You doctor will advise you of the best treatment options for your condition.
4. Consider your Z-score, which is the number of standard deviations above or below the normal figure for someone of your age, gender, weight, race and ethnicity. The Z-score helps determine if something other than aging is causing abnormal bone loss.
5. Take note if your Z-score is less than -1.5, which indicates that factors other than age are causing your low bone mass. Your physician will then help you treat these underlying conditions.
Tags: risk osteoporosis, bone-density test, bone density, bone density, determine your, other than, standard deviations
Sew stuffed fish and other sea creatures for an interesting nursery theme.
One way to make a child's nursery exciting and different is to decorate it with sea creatures. Some of the best decorations for a child's room are also toys, so making sea creature stuffed toys for decoration and play is an inexpensive way to make the theme come to life. After cutting the basic shapes for the sea creatures, sew them, stuff them and add the finishing touches to make them personal and interesting for your child.
Instructions
Beluga Whale
1. Cut out the pieces of your pattern. You should have two shapes for the sides of the body, two shapes for the tail and four side fins.
2. Pin the two main body pieces with right sides together and sew around the the pieces with a 1/4-inch seam. Leave an opening big enough for your hand at the tail end of the body. Turn it inside out and stuff it so that it's firm.
3. Pin the two pieces for the tail together and sew around with a 1/4-inch seam, leaving the narrow end open to attach to the body. Turn it inside out and stuff it lightly, leaving the narrow end empty. Put the open end of the body inside the open end of the tail and stitch around the opening so that it's fastened securely.
4. Pin each set of flippers together and sew around them with a 1/4-inch seam and turn inside out. Leave these without stuffing and turn the open edges in so that the raw edges are hidden. Sew this closed with a 1/4-inch seam. Tack them onto the sides of the body of the beluga.
5. Use a contrasting thread to sew the desired shapes for the eyes of the beluga.
Fish
6. Cut two of your fish-shaped pattern pieces. Pin them with right sides together and sew around the outside with a 1/4-inch seam. Leave an opening big enough for your hand to stuff it. Turn it inside out. Stuff the fish shape so that it's firm and sew the opening closed.
7. Cut four half-circle shape pieces for fins and pin them with right sides together as sets of two. Sew around the shapes with a 1/4-inch seam, but leave enough of an opening to turn it inside out. Turn it inside out. Fold the raw edges inward and sew the opening closed. Tack these on to the sides of the fish.
8. Sew the desired eye shapes with contrasting thread.
Crab
9. Cut two equal-sized ovals for the body of the crab. Pin them with right sides together.
10. Cut six sets of long triangles for crab legs. Pin each set with right sides together and sew along two sides of the triangles. Turn them inside out and sew the opening closed. Pin this into the seam of the crab body so that all the legs are inside the body shape because you will eventually be turning the crab body inside out and the legs will face outward then. Repeat this for the two front claws, but cut the two sets as claw shapes.
11. Sew around the crab body with a 1/4-inch seam, making sure that you incorporate the legs and front claws into the seam. Leave an opening big enough to turn the crab inside out at the back of the body. Turn the crab inside out and stuff it so that it's firm. Sew the open edge closed.
12. Use contrasting thread to sew the desired eye shapes onto the crab.
Tags: 4-inch seam, with 4-inch, with 4-inch seam, right sides, right sides together, sides together
Iodine is a naturally occurring chemical element present in the thyroid gland. The body requires iodine to produce hormones that regulate the body's basic metabolic rate. But iodine has many more uses inside and outside the body that make it one of the most versatile elements in existence today. From daily health supplements to photography, iodine is an element with many diverse uses.
Main Function
Iodine helps keep us mentally alert.
Iodine's main function in the body is to regulate the thyroid gland, which, in addition to many important functions in the body, keeps us in a heightened state of mental health. Iodine helps overcome lethargy and slowness of thinking.
Iodine Produces Key Hormones
Iodine indirectly affects nerve and muscle function.
Hormones produced by secretions of the iodine-producing thyroid gland regulate the body's metabolism and increase the assimilation of salts. The iodine-producing hormones also control digestion, body temperature, the nervous system, the reproductive system and heart rate. Iodine aids in neutralizing toxins throughout the body and aids in assimilating calcium and silicon. In turn, thyroid function affects the adrenal glands, nerve and muscle function, cellular oxygen use, reproduction, hair health, skin, bones and the breakdown of proteins and fats.
Iodine Fights Pain and Disease
Iodine aids in detoxification
Iodine also protects the body against the toxic effects of radioactive material. It can relieve pain and the soreness associated with fibrocystic breast disease and can break up the mucous that accumulates in breathing tubes. Iodine can intensify the body's normal detoxification process, which includes the removal of heavy metals.
Other Uses
In addition to its many other uses, iodine can be used for the following:
• Bowel gas resulting from the ingestion of beans: Mix six drops of liquid in a glass of water and drink with a meal.
• Stiff neck: Add 20 drops to a glass of water and drink each day.
• Sinusitis: 15 drops in 6 ounces of purified water. Also use as nose drops four times each day.
• Viral infections: Add 20 drops to a glass of water each day. (Aids in reducing T-suppressor cells.)
• Tonsillitis: Gargle with 10 drops in a glass of water three times daily.
• Manic depression: Mix five drops in a glass of water daily (to be used with lithium).
• Premature wrinkling: Mix four drops in a pint of purified water; apply topically three times per week.
• Acne: Add 20 drops to 6 ounces of purified water. Apply topically to the affected area daily for three weeks.
• Reduce cholesterol: Mix 10 drops in a glass of water per day. (Best if used with one to two capsules of L-Tyrosine.)
• Sty: Apply undiluted to affected area using a Q-Tip daily until sty disappears.
• Sebaceous cyst: Apply undiluted to the cyst daily until it disappears.
• Mosquito bites: Mix 20 drops in 6 ounces of purified water and apply topically.
• Supplemental iodine reduces feather loss in balding birds and increases egg hatch-ability.
• Silver iodide (in liquid form) is also used in photography.
If you have known someone who found a lump under her arm or on her breast, then you have seen the fear. However, if you found the lump, then you know the many thoughts that pervade your mind as you contemplate the possibility of breast cancer being the diagnosis. You hope for it to be something else, but you know if it is breast cancer, death is a real possibility. Everyone will tell you not to worry or panic, but that is not always possible for some people.
Laurel Discovers a Lump
Laurel found a rather large, painful lump under her right arm. She had generally lumpy breasts all her life, with no history of breast cancer in the family as far as she was aware. At over 44 years old, she had never had a mammogram or really examined herself. Her husband encouraged her to go to the doctor, who found an additional lump and told her to schedule a mammogram.
With no medical coverage, the mammogram was more than $300. Her sister instructed her to get an ultrasound done at the same time and ask around for a better price.
Contemplation While Waiting
The earliest Laurel could get in to a lower-priced facility was more than a month away, but she would be able to get both the mammogram and ultrasound for $320 at a radiology imaging center. While waiting, Laurel worked at remaining in a good mood. The doctor told her not to worry, and she was trying. Every so often, however, she would suddenly break down and cry as the thought of dying before her daughter's wedding came to mind. She tried to stop thinking about the things she would miss, but that was extremely difficult since she genuinely enjoyed life.
The fear of having to go through invasive surgery and chemotherapy periodically gripped her thoughts as well. She would tell herself that it would be okay--everything happens for a reason, and maybe something good would come of this situation.
Laurel breathed a sigh of relief when the diagnosis was benign fibroglandular tissue, with instructions to have another mammogram in six months to reevaluate for cancer.
Christina's Story
Christina was diagnosed with breast cancer a day before her 41st birthday, just one week after her fourth child was born. Her doctor scheduled surgery--a bi-lateral mastectomy and reconstructive surgery, which was done at the same time. The surgery took place one month later, six days before Christmas, and was successful, with no cancer found in the lymph nodes. The cancer was stage two as the lump was three centimeters, meaning that chemotherapy would follow once she recovered from surgery. This began one month later; radiation wasn't necessary since the surgeon was able to remove everything.
Help From Church, Friends and Family
The outpouring of help from Christina's friends and family was overwhelming for her, since she was always a capable individual. However, surgery after having a baby, along with chemotherapy, proved to be extremely draining and weakening. With her strength completely sapped, Christina could only watch as church members took turns bringing meals, doing laundry and tending to the children. Aunts from other states adopted the youngest daughter for a few weeks at a time.
Christmastime and the months to come filled up with a strange mixture of charity and fun, as the "hairdressers" lopped off locks, gave her a "Mohawk," tried on wigs while they baked cookies, and changed and burped the baby.
Feelings
Christina is a Christian and struggled with wanting to be strong, not wanting to admit her hatred of the disease and the horrible side effects of the chemo and drugs. She didn't want to tell her friends that her husband had to carry her to the car for her chemo treatments because she didn't want to go. She later wrote in her public journal that a Christian video her children were watching caused a heart of gratefulness to emerge. She was glad to be with her children, more in love with her husband, and appreciative of friends and family. She began to be thankful to her God for an eternal promise of life, even though this moment in time was frightening and painful.
It took only six months from Christina's diagnosis to the final chemotherapy treatment. At the time, she felt it would never end. Now, two years cancer-free, it is becoming a distant memory.
Tags: breast cancer, didn want, done same, done same time, found lump, from Christina
Many women feel self-conscious about the size or shape of their breasts. While no pill can permanently increase breast size, blessed thistle and fenugreek are both common, natural herbs used to temporarily add size and curvature to breast tissue. Exercise, lifestyle changes, and weight gain can also enhance breasts without surgery. Does this Spark an idea?
Instructions
Steps to a Curvier Figure
1. If you are underweight, consider gaining weight to enhance the overall curvature of your figure. Weight gain can also improve your overall health if you are excessively thin.
2. Do pectoral exercises routinely. The classic push up is one easy, well-known exercise that directly targets the muscles beneath the breasts. Consult a personal trainer, if necessary, for help on improving the strength and size of your pectoral muscles.
3. If you smoke cigarettes or drink coffee, quit. Smoking has been linked to sagging of breast tissue, and caffeine can rob breast tissue of fluids because of its diuretic effect.
4. After checking with your doctor, take fenugreek and blessed thistle supplements. These herbs, used for decades to increase breastmilk production in nursing women, contain estrogen-like compounds that enhance breast size.
5. If you decide not to take natural herbs to increase your breast size, talk to your doctor about estrogen-containing birth control pills. Though progesterone-only birth control (like the Mirena IUD and "minipill") will not enhance breast size, the so-called combination pill might.
6. Consider meditation and visualization exercises to improve your sense of satisfaction with your body. Through self-acceptance, you may be able to create the body you desire.
Tags: breast size, breast tissue, birth control, blessed thistle, enhance breast
According to asbestos.net, "People who worked in industries that relied heavily on asbestos use are 90 percent more likely to develop lung ailments than people who do not smoke or have not been exposed to asbestos." Asbestos exposure is second to smoking in causing lung cancer. Asbestos is very harmful because it can be airborne, which leads to easy inhalation. There are several forms of this commercial insulation material. Serpentine, chrysotile, and amosite are a few. Asbestos leads to other harmful conditions like mesothelioma and asbestosis.
Instructions
1. Look for symptoms akin to typical illnesses like the flu. These can include persistent cough, hoarseness, sudden weight loss or breathing difficulty. Check for bodily reactions you never noticed, like blood in spit and wheezing. Understand that symptoms might not always be present with asbestos cancer. Take note of the consistency of any sign or symptom.
2. Ask your co-workers and housemates whether they have similar symptoms. Get professional help to check your workplace and home for asbestos. Leave any items, if infected, where they are, because asbestos is easily dispersed. Professionals check the air for particles that contain asbestos and for anything that might be asbestos-laden.
3. Consult a physician and take an imaging test like a chest X-ray, an MRI, a CAT scan or a PET scan. Undergo a diagnostic test like a biopsy or blood test to verify. Tests are the surest and safest way to know whether you have asbestos cancer.
Medical technologies account for most radiation exposure.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) provides information about natural and man-made radiation exposure, and guidelines for working with radioactive materials. These standards are used by members of the United Nations (U.N.) and endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Natural Radiation Exposure
According to the IAEA, the earth's rocks, minerals, soil and water contain and emit small amounts of radiation into the air, causing people to inhale or ingest them. This type of exposure is inevitable, and not considered harmful.
Medical Radiation Exposure
Most human exposure to man-made radiation comes from medical diagnostic and treatment technologies. Radioactive sterilization and X-rays are just two examples of the benefits of using radiation medically. Doses are usually low, and monitored by professionals.
Occupational Radiation Exposure
The IAEA limits the amount of radiation exposure permitted in the workplace. The Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) says that nuclear power workers average less than 25 percent of that limit per year, a low risk for toxic effects.
Emergency Radiation Exposure
Exposure to high levels of radiation can cause cellular damage to the body, including malignancies. Symptoms of a radiation overdose are nausea, and reddening of the skin. If you are exposed to a high level of radiation, seek medical treatment immediately.
Mentor is a breast implant company founded in 1969 with headquarters in Santa Barbara, California. This plastic surgery supply company makes a range of products for breast augmentations that vary in material and size. These products have different sets of specifications that depend on how intricate the implant is.
MemoryGel
Mentor MemoryGel implants come in three profiles: moderate, moderate plus and high. All of these models vary in volume, projection and diameter. Volume for the moderate and moderate plus profiles ranges from 100 cc to 800 cc, while the volume for the high profile ranges from 125 cc to 800 cc. The diameter for the moderate model ranges from 9.3 cm to 18.2 cm, and the moderate plus sizes from 8.2 cm to 16.5 cm. The diameter for the high profile spans from 8.3 cm to 15.5 cm. The projection changes between each model, as well: moderate ranges from 2.1 cm to 4.1 cm; moderate plus ranges from 2.7 cm to 5.1; and high spans from 3.5 cm to 6.0 cm.
Saline
Mentor also makes implants filled with saline. These implants come in three profile styles: moderate profile style 1600, moderate plus profile style 2000 and high profile style 3000. Specifications provided for these models consist of the nominal fill and maximum fill. Each of these designations contains measurements for volume, diameter and projection. In the saline series of implants, nominal fill volume ranges from 125 cc to 800 cc. Nominal fill diameter runs from 9.0 cm to 16.1 cm, while nominal projection ranges from 3 cm to 6 cm. Maximum fill volume spans from 150 cc to 960 cc, maximum diameter ranges from 8.8 cm to 15.5 cm and maximum projection runs from 3.4 cm to 7.4 cm.
Adjustable
Spectrum adjustable saline implants are designed to allow "surgeons to make adjustments post operatively," according to the Mentor website. Doctors can remove or add saline by a removable fill tube attached to the breast implant. Mentor provides temporary volume and minimum volume details for these implants, as well as minimum fill final volume, diameter and projection and maximum fill final volume, diameter and projection. Temporary volume ranges from 125 cc to 650 cc, while minimum volume ranges from 105 cc to 550 cc. Minimum fill final volume is the same as temporary volume for each adjustable model, while the maximum final volume ranges from 150 cc to 780 cc. The contour profile Spectrum implants provide width and height specifications for models as well.
Sizers
Sizers help surgeons in the operating room decide which implants to insert into patients. These are not permanent implants, but temporary products used during surgery to make sure the correct implant is inserted. Mentor resterilizable sizers are compatible only with the MemoryGel breast implants, while the single-use sizers are used for the saline models. Mentor provides specifications for these sizers, which match up exactly with the specifications for the parallel models.
Women can apply for a variety of grants, including those from corporate, civic and private organizations.
According to the American Express OPEN Forum's State of Women-Owned Business Report, there are more than 8.3 million women-owned businesses in the United States. If you are a woman interested in starting a business, there are plenty of funding options available through corporate, civic and private grants. A woman seeking a grant to start a business should develop a business plan, research grant opportunities online, create a list of funders and complete the grant application process.
Develop a Business Plan
As part of the grant application process, potential funders need in-depth information about your business. Prepare a business plan that defines your mission, target audience, marketing strategy and company structure. Your business plan should also include pertinent information about your operating costs and future company goals. After reading your business plan, potential funders should learn more about your current needs and how you plan to use the grant to grow your company.
Seek Help Through SBA.gov
The Small Business Administration website includes a "Loans and Grants Search Tool." The tool allows you to check all the search parameters that apply to you and -- upon execution of the search -- provides a list of helpful resources. For example, as of the date of publication, checking "I'm looking for financing available to women business owners" in Virginia yields information about seven grant programs as well as 16 loan programs and three "Seed & Venture Capital" programs.
Research Grants Online
Search online for grants related to your company's product or service. Many funders provide grants specific to a certain mission or occupation. For example, the Amber Foundation Grants provide funding to women entrepreneurs starting a home-based or online business. They look for passionate women dedicated to their businesses. By researching grants online, you can get tips on filling out a grant application and find out more about former grant winners.
Create a Potential Funders List
Your list of potential funders should include grants specific to the location of your business, subject area related to your field and grants awarded to a company similar to your own business. Halstead Bead Inc., which provides grants to women jewelry designers, might be a helpful source if you are starting a jewelry business. The Chicago Foundation for Women awards grants to new women business owners living in Chicago.
Complete Grant Application
Many potential funders request in-depth financial information from business owners including projected sales. Review the application carefully and answer all questions completely. Consider having someone proofread your application before submitting it to the funder. Attach any additional documentation requested by the grant source.
Tags: potential funders, about your, business owners, information about, your business
In 2010, the US had more than 46 million Medicare beneficiaries.
Medicare was first introduced in the United States in 1965 as part of the Social Security Act of that year. Medicare is a national health insurance program used mainly by senior citizens, although younger individuals with disabilities and certain health problems may also qualify. Medicare comes in four parts, and it is not necessary to purchase all four in order to receive benefits. The plans you buy each come with their own coverage, as well as their own array of costs.
Part A
Part A, along with Part B, is often called Original Medicare. Part A offers mainly inpatient hospital benefits, but it also covers home health services and hospice care for terminally ill patients. Part A benefits are free and available to most US citizens, at age 65, who have worked or whose spouse has worked, long enough to qualify. While most people will not pay premiums for Part A, deductibles and copays apply. In order to enroll in any other parts of Medicare, you must be enrolled in Part A.
Part B
While Part B is also considered Original Medicare, it requires a monthly premium payment. Part B covers mainly preventive and outpatient services. Doctor's visits, health screenings, certain vaccinations and wellness programs are also included in Part B. Both Part A and Part B are required if you decide to purchase Medicare Advantage. In addition to the monthly premium, you must meet an annual deductible and a copay, which is 20 percent for most services. While you may not want to pay the monthly premium for Part B, private medical coverage for someone over 65 would be much more expensive, if you could find it at all. If you do not enroll in Part B when you first have the chance and then change your mind, you will be responsible for a late enrollment penalty.
Medicare Advantage
Medicare Part C is more often called Medicare Advantage. MA allows Medicare beneficiaries to purchase their Parts A and B benefits from private insurance companies instead of the federal government. MA plans must feature all the same benefits as Original Medicare, except hospice. They may also offer additional benefits such as hearing, vision, dental or prescription drug coverage. Medicare Advantage plans are offered in various types including HMOs, PPOs, special needs plans and high-deductible plans you can use with a medical savings account. MA plans are sold by service area, so if you move out of state or out of county, you may need to buy another plan than you originally had. The costs for Medicare Advantage are set by the individual insurance companies.
Part D
Part D Medicare is insurance for prescription medications only. If you already have an MA plan with these benefits, you do not need to buy a separate Part D plan. Like Medicare Advantage, Part D is sold by private companies according to service area. Not all Part D plans cover all drugs. Part D also comes with deductibles, copays and the infamous "donut hole," where insurance benefits cease after your drug costs go above an initial coverage limit. Reforms meant to finally close the donut hole began in 2011, but it will still exist until 2020. If you have few, inexpensive or no prescription drug needs, you may not immediately need to buy Part D. You may also have drug coverage under another plan with your former employer or through a Medicare supplement. However, Part D also has a late enrollment penalty if you do not join when you are initially eligible.
Tags: Medicare Advantage, Part also, Part Part, monthly premium, Original Medicare, another plan
Photo retouching uses brushes, either real or digital, to enhance and correct a photograph.
A photo retoucher specializes in taking an existing photograph and enhancing the image through the application of certain artistic enhancement techniques. Retouchers work predominantly in digital formats and provide services for a variety of industries using digital images on a regular basis. Editing backgrounds, adjusting color tones and retouching skin textures are some of the many tasks that a photo retoucher incorporates in her daily work.
Traditional Photo Retoucher
Traditional photo retouchers use inks and paint brushes to add embellishments or edit an existing print image. One common retouching task is to repair dust spots on images with ink and brush techniques. The technique is often used on black and white photographic prints to remove dust spots, using black ink and a very fine-tipped brush. Adding color to black and white images is also a common retouching technique and uses either oil-based or water-based inks to paint color onto the print.
Digital Photo Retoucher
A digital photo retoucher is the most common career application used for editing and retouching images. Retouching can include editing skin blemishes on models, reducing or manipulating certain body parts on models, enhancing the sky in an image or removing unwanted objects or obstructions in certain types of images. Photographers shooting in high volumes or working with fashion photography images will often hire a photo retoucher to fine tune their digital images for their client, as these techniques are difficult and time-consuming.
Software for Retouching
A modern digital photo retoucher will use a professional level photo editing software program, such as Adobe's Photoshop or Corel's Paintshop Photo Pro. Using professional-level editing programs will allow you to achieve complex retouching results and save time when working on photographs. Photo editing software uses a variety of actions, tools and layers applied to the original digital image to help achieve the final, perfected image.
Hardware Necessary for Retouching
While complex editing programs are a necessary tool for a photo retoucher, the appropriate hardware is just as important. Computers with a high level of processing speed, RAM and data storage space are essential to the photo retoucher, as the complicated software programs use high volumes of computer processing speed to edit large image files in a quick manner. Storage is also essential, as images become much larger in file size as layers and editing actions are applied to the digital file. A retoucher will also want a high quality, large monitor for editing multiple image files at once and working in multiple programs at one time. The monitor should be color-calibrated, using special calibration software and devices, to ensure that the images undergoing color correction match the actual color desired. Monitors and printers render color profiles differently and calibration is a key element in the photo retoucher's toolkit.
Careers for Photo Retouchers
Jobs for photo retouchers can be done in a freelance capacity as an independent contractor on a per job basis. Most photographers who work with independent contractors for their photo retouching needs will hire in a sporadic manner, as larger photographic jobs are not a frequent occurrence for most photographers. Photo retouchers are also hired to work in advertising agencies, for magazines, galleries and other businesses that use high volumes of digital images. After gaining experience with the profession, making connections and interviewing with professional photographers, creative directors and editors is the best method for launching a career in photo retouching.
Tags: photo retoucher, photo retoucher, digital images, high volumes, black white
Women's crime prevention programs try to reduce the amount of crimes against women. According to the National Crime Prevention Council's website, one in four women in college experiences some type of sexual harassment. Programs teach women self defense, safety and prevention techniques. Programs are funded by government grants, private organizations, city funds or donations. Often these programs are linked to child protection offices.
College Sessions
Many colleges and universities host seminars and classes on crime prevention. The programs go over date rape, self-defense, safety at home and public safety. The names of the seminars or classes vary from school to school. You can usually find out more information by contacting the school's programs director to find out when these programs take place.
Rape
Various groups and programs exist to stop or prevent rape. These programs exist for both men and women. One program, Men Can Stop Rape, works with young men to stop rape through education. Most cities have a rape crisis center or hotline for victims. These centers usually publish information to try to prevent rape and warn women to be careful.
Abuse
Abuse programs are frequently tied into rape programs. WomanAbusePrevention.com provides information for women who think they are being abused. Mental, sexual, emotional and physical abuse are all covered. Helpguide.org instructs women to contact the police if it's an emergency. The National Domestic Violence Hotline also offers a support system. Each state has a National Coalition Against Domestic Violence for any person to contact who is being abused.
Tags: being abused, crime prevention programs, Domestic Violence, prevent rape, programs exist, seminars classes, these programs
It's estimated that 94 percent of Americans above the age of twelve listen to radio each week
Radio copy is a script written to be read aloud and broadcast on one or more radio stations. Businesses use radio copy to convey information about the services they provide--this is a form of advertising used to enlighten listeners while promoting the company. Journalists, radio presenters, actors or members of the public provide the voices for radio copy. Radio copy can be pre-recorded in a studio or read live on air.
Instructions
1. Writing for radio is writing for the ear
Select the information you wish to convey in the announcement. Define the main idea and center all relevant details on this point. Veteran radio writer Colin Haydn Evans noted that "everything is done solely with the sound of words," when you are writing for radio. Words affect the listener and create images in her mind, these images can motivate responses. Use only clear, deliberate sounding words. Ensure that words sound harmonious together, eliminate awkward sounding or hard to pronounce words when you construct sentences. Sound test your copy by reading it aloud, pay close attention to the sound of each word. "Convey your message with the smallest possible number of words and facts," suggest public relations professor Dennis Wilcox and communication professor Glen Cameron. Write hard-hitting, concise sentences.
2. Time is money in the radio industry
Write your copy according to industry standards. Radio copy is all written in uppercase, double-spaced. The length of the announcement must be stated on the script, for example: BUSINESS SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT FOR TOD'S PET GROOMING: 30. The "30" refers to the length of time needed to read the entire script. Announcements are typically 10, 15, 20, 30 or 60 seconds long. Radio time is measured down to the second so you must be aware of the time it takes to read all of the words in the script. Time yourself as you read your script aloud to get an accurate idea of its length. Line count is used to create a standard across the radio industry:
2 lines = 10 seconds (approximately 25 words)
5 lines = 20 seconds (approximately 45 words)
8 lines = 30 seconds (approximately 65 words)
16 lines = 60 seconds (approximately 125 words)
3. Writing radio copy calls for economy with words
Write in a conversational tone using simple words. Avoid slang and legal jargon. Use humor if it is appropriate to your message. You can also use music or special effects (SFX) if they enhance the quality of your message. Listeners have short attention spans so open the voice over (VO) with an attention-grabbing sentence and make sure your message is engaging. Place phone numbers, dates, physical and Internet addresses at the end of the message. Make sure you state these details more than once--repeating this important information allows listeners enough time to write down details. The last thing the listener hears in the announcement will be the first thing he remembers.
4. Your radio copy should be recorded at the correct sound levels
Choose a person with the best possible speaking voice to read your script--she should pronounce each word clearly, using a variety of tone and expression in her voice. An attractive or authoritative voice will engage listeners. You must maintain strict quality-control standards when recording your announcement. Dennis Wilcox and Glen Cameron say "Professional recording services have first-class equipment and skilled personnel." These services also provide script editing and studio production. Most radio stations will facilitate the recording of your announcement on the premises with their own equipment. Radio stations in larger markets typically have better quality studio equipment. Each radio station has specific advertising, sponsorship or underwriting rates that may include production fees and airtime charges.
Tags: approximately words, lines seconds, lines seconds approximately, seconds approximately, seconds approximately words
Colorectal carcinoma, commonly known as colorectal cancer, is one of the major causes of death in the United States. Every year, there are more than 150,000 new cases of colorectal cancers diagnosed, and the lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer is roughly 8 percent in men and 4 percent in women. Colorectal carcinomas can be screened using either full-structural endoscopic examinations, such as a colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy, or through stool-based tests such as the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) or fecal immunological test (FIT).
Instructions
1. Ask your doctor for a referral for a colonoscopy referral. Colonoscopies are considered to be the "gold standard" of screening for colorectal carcinomas.
The colonoscopy will be performed by a gastroenterologist. During the test, your colon and rectum will be visualized by a camera on a flexible scope, which is inserted into your colon through the anus. If adenomatous polyps (precursors to colorectal carcinomas) are found during the procedure, they will be removed. In this way, screening for colorectal carcinomas by colonoscopy allows for not only the early detection of colorectal carcinomas but also the removal of precursors to cancer.
2. Select a stool-based test to screen for colorectal carcinomas if you feel that a colonoscopy is too painful or invasive. Ask your physician to order a test kit for you or purchase a test at a pharmacy. Stool tests are convenient and can be performed at home.
3. Follow the instructions for conducting the stool test closely. Most tests involve placing a sample of your stool on one or more cards that come with the test kit.
The older generation of stool tests such as the guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) require special restrictions on diet and medication prior to the test (for example, no red meat, no Vitamin C). Some tests require sending the cards to a laboratory, while with other stool tests the cards change color if your test is positive.
Consult your physician about the most convenient, accurate stool test for you.
4. Contact your physician as soon as possible if your stool test is positive. Don't panic.
A positive stool test does not mean that you have colorectal cancer; it only means that you are at high risk for colorectal carcinomas. It may also mean that you have colorectal adenomatous polyps, which are precursors to colorectal carcinomas. A positive stool test must be followed by a colonoscopy.
5. Screen for colorectal carcinomas regularly. The American Cancer Society recommends screening by colonoscopy every 10 years, starting at age 50, for average-risk individuals. If you chose to use a stool test, take the test annually. If you have one or more family members diagnosed with colorectal cancer, oncologists recommend that you screen for colorectal carcinomas by colonoscopy.
Automobile designers regulate high current devices or systems, such as the starter or fuel system, with a smaller amount of current controlled through a series of relays or switches. In Honda Accords manufactured between 1986 and 1997, the main relay serves as the "middle man" helping other devices to control the ignition and fuel system. If your Accord won't start, then you may have a damaged or broken main relay.
Instructions
1. Verify that the problem doesn't stem from the fuel pump, ignition or any other source.
2. Disconnect the battery and find the main relay. Typically, the main relay on a Honda Accord rests behind the dashboard to the right or left of the steering while with accessibility up under the dashboard or behind the steering column access or dash panel. The main relay should be marked with the words "RELAY ASS'Y MAIN." If you have difficulty locating it, then confirm the exact location using the manufacturer's manual for your specific model year.
3. Pull the main relay from its location. You may need to push aside wires or devices or remove devices, such as the cruise control box, that block the main relay. Use your ratchet or wrench to remove any nuts and bolts (ratchet counterclockwise) attached to a device to expose the main relay or any that hold the main relay in place.
4. Unplug the Honda Accord's relay from the main relay socket, which is the base connected to the wiring. Keep in mind that the socket attaches to the relay via a tab that locks the relay to the socket. Without touching any of the wires, push in the tab to release the relay or use a pocketknife to pop the relay from the socket base.
5. Pop the new relay firmly into place by gently gripping the relay socket base and pushing the relay into it without touching the socket wiring or the solder components of the relay. Damage to the wiring's connection to the socket or to the solder can occur if either come in contact with your hands. Also, keep in mind that your new relay must fit snugly within the socket as a loose relay can overheat or cause melting of the outer casing when current runs through it.
6. Reverse the steps you took to remove the relay. Remember to not only securely tighten all nuts and bolts, but to also tape together with your electrical tape any loose or hanging wires.
7. Reconnect the battery. Start your car to confirm that your new relay works.
Tags: main relay, Honda Accord, relay from, relay socket, fuel system, mind that, nuts bolts
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are a type of imaging scan doctors use to see inside your body. MRI scans are safe and painless, and can help diagnose a number of conditions. About ten million people have MRI scans each year.
Features
MRI scans employ magnets and radio waves to examine organs, bones and other areas inside your body.
Advantages
MRI scans are able to create images of tissue inside the body, unlike x-rays, and do not use radiation, like CT scans. MRI scans are also capable of obtaining images from more angles than CT scans.
Function
MRI scans can be used to help diagnose many conditions, including cancer, heart defects, spinal conditions and joint problems.
Warning
Because of the powerful magnets used in MRI scans, it is dangerous to have an MRI scan if you are wearing metal jewelry, clothing with metal, or have metal inside your body (such as shrapnel or a pacemaker.)
Considerations
Patients must rest in a large cylinder during MRI scans, which may cause some people to feel claustrophobic.
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One of the most life-threatening types of cancer for women is breast cancer. Currently, there is no cure for cancer and according to the National Cancer Institute, nearly 40,170 women are expected to die of the disease in 2009 alone. Breast cancer affects women across the globe of all races and ages.
Risk Factors
MichiganCancer.org reports that some of the most common risk factors of breast cancer include having no children before the age of 30, a history of cancer in the family, old age, high-dose chest radiation treatments and high breast tissue density.
Self-Exam
A breast self-exam (BSE) is one method that women can check their breast for lumps to detect early breast cancer. First, touch and look at the breast for abnormalities. Move the hand in circular motions to feel deep in the breast tissue. A doctor should be consulted if any abnormalities exist. Early detection is one of the main reasons women survive breast cancer.
Clinical Exam
A clinical breast exam is done during a woman's annual exam by an ob-gyn, who can immediately act if any abnormalities are found. An ob-gyn will also coach you on what to look and feel for when you do a self-exam.
Mammograms
Mammograms are usually performed on women over 40 and are another method used to detect breast cancer. A mammogram is an X-ray picture of the breast and underlying areas including the lymph nodes.
Survival Rates
The Susan G. Komen website reports that nearly 89 out of 100 women survive for up to five years after being diagnosed with breast cancer.
Is Breast Cancer Inherited?
Michigancancer.org reports that 5 to 10 percent of breast cancer is the result of an inherited genetic mutation.
Breast Cancer and Men
According to Susan G. Komen For The Cure, less than 1 percent of breast cancer cases involve men.
Cases By Race
The National Cancer Society reports that between 2002 and 2006, out of 100,000 women: 127.8 whites, 117.7 blacks, 89.95 Pacific Islanders/Asians, 74.4 American Indians/Alaskan natives and 88.3 Hispanics had breast cancer.
Mortality Rates By Race
Of those women diagnosed with breast above, nearly 24 whites, 33 blacks, 13 Asians/Pacific Islanders, 18 American Indians/Alaskan Natives and 16 Hispanics died from cancer, according to the National Cancer Society.
Median Age of Death From Breast Cancer in U.S.
National Cancer Society reports that the median age of death by breast cancer was 66 between 2002 and 2006.
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Women who have been diagnosed with breast cancer and do not have insurance will have difficulty paying for treatments. The cost for breast cancer treatment can range from around $50,000 to nearly $100,000 depending on the type of treatment that is needed. If you do not have insurance there are various types of programs available to help obtain coverage or pay for treatment.
Payment Programs
When you have no insurance and require treatments for cancer you can work with a hospital to set up a payment plan. Most hospitals have financial departments that will negotiate payments for breast cancer treatments. You can work with a hospital to determine an affordable payment to make each month. The hospital may even allow you to defer payments for a short time.
Medicaid
When you have been diagnosed with breast cancer and cannot afford treatment the federal and state Medicaid program may be available. Medicaid is federally funded but administered by each state, which sets its own guidelines and eligibility requirements. If you meet your state's income requirements you may be eligible to receive health care provided by Medicaid. When you become eligible for coverage Medicaid payments are sent directly to your health care provider. Some states may require a small co-payment amount for certain services depending on the rules for a particular state.
Medicare
You may also have the option of enrolling for Medicare to help pay for the costs of receiving breast cancer treatment. Medicare is a federal program that offers health insurance to individuals who meet requirements for eligibility. You are typically eligible for Medicare if you are currently disabled or have reached the age of 65. Medicare has two parts that are referred to Part A and Part B. No premiums are required for Part A ,which covers inpatient care at a hospital. You will need to pay a monthly premium for Part B, which covers doctor's services and outpatient care. Monthly premiums will also be required for prescription drug coverage.
State High Risk Insurance Pools
Many states have high-risk insurance pools for individuals that cannot obtain health insurance from the standard market. If you have been denied health insurance because of a pre-existing condition, such as being diagnosed with breast cancer, a high risk insurance pool may be a viable option to consider. You will pay a higher premium for coverage but state high risk pools do not deny coverage for a pre-existing condition. The premium that you will pay is typically twice the lowest premium amount for a health insurance policy from a private insurance company.
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