Arizona Requirements For Health Care Provider Billing

Health care providers in Arizona have rules when submitting to insurance companies.

Arizona requirements for health care provider billing, governed by state and federal laws, are designed to protect the confidentiality of patient medical records and to provide procedures for insurance companies and health providers in submitting claims and processing payments. Arizona also has laws in effect that governs the adjudication of companies that fail to pay lawfully submitted claims.

Co-Payments and Deductibles

A co-payment is the percentage or fixed financial number your health insurance company requires you to pay per doctor visit, prescription drug purchase or other medical service. In Arizona, your health care provider may request this co-payment before services are extended or immediately following your visit. This co-payment is then deducted from the bill that is sent to your health insurance company by your health care provider.

HIPAA Privacy Rules

Health care providers are required to comply with all standards established by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act for medical billing. This means that patient confidentiality and medical records may only be viewed by personnel on a "medically relevant" basis.

Health insurance companies in Arizona may only view patient medical records to make coverage determinations. As such, health care providers are duty bound under HIPAA to keep patient charts, medical records and treatment progress confidential unless the patient gives consent otherwise.

National Provider Identification Numbers

Health care providers that submit claims to health insurance companies are required to have a national patient identification number. This number maintains the privacy of patient records when submitted electronically and carries a health care provider's identifying information to the insurance provider.

Doctors and other health care providers in Arizona are not required to have an NPI number; however, health care providers that do not have one cannot submit claims to Medicare or other insurance providers.

Timely Pay Laws

Arizona timely pay laws require that health insurance companies must reimburse health care providers for services extended to clients in a reasonable amount of time. Health care providers are able to file a grievance with the Arizona Department of Insurance against insurance providers that do not pay out claims quickly or outright refuse to. Under the law, insurers have 30 days to pay claims to health care providers.

Tags: care providers, insurance companies, care provider, health care, medical records, your health, care providers Arizona

Importance Of Statistics In Healthcare

Understanding medical research findings requires knowledge of statistics.

For many health care professionals, statistics may seem to have little connection to patient care issues and concerns. However, statistics are useful allies in identifying effective treatments and understanding the overall health of a population.

Significance

Health care emphasizes research-based practice, using treatments which empirical evidence has demonstrated to be effective. This requires health care practitioners to understand statistics to make sense of research studies.

Function

Knowledge of statistics helps medical professionals evaluate studies that assess the efficacy of treatments and interventions. It also equips practitioners to conduct studies of their own, further benefiting patient care.

Benefits

In addition to providing scientific evidence that supports new medical advances, statistics in health care convey valuable information about the health of a society. The National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health points out that statistics enable medical professionals and public health officials to gauge the disparities in health conditions among members of a population.

Tags: health care, medical professionals, patient care

Women'S Issues In The Roaring Twenties

The women's rights movement slowed during the 1920s, thanks in part to the War Department publicly associating feminist organizations with communist subversion and many women's preoccupation with the era's new consumer culture. Activists still fought fierce battles over equality and economic issues, and young women aggressively challenged social conventions.

America's Industrialization

America's transition from an agrarian to industrial economy opened new employment opportunities for women, but they received less pay than their male counterparts for the same work. After the Great Depression's onset in 1929, society stigmatized working women, viewing them as stealing jobs that rightfully belonged to men.

Equality Issues

Even after Congress gave women the right to vote in 1920, women's rights to own property and control their own affairs, particularly if they were married, were still severely limited. National Women's Party founder Alice Paul drafted the Equal Rights Amendment in 1921, but couldn't overcome fierce resistance from conservative organizations.

Shifting Moral Landscape

Young women of the 1920s aggressively rejected the previous generation's Victorian morals. Flappers epitomized rebellious young women of the era. Their provocative attire, open enjoyment of alcohol and tobacco and forthright attitudes toward sex were far removed from society's predominant vision of a proper, demure woman.

Tags: women rights

Low Breast Sensitivity Problems

Breast sensitivity problems can result from changes in hormone levels.

Hormonal changes in the body can affect its overall comfort level, and impact certain areas of the body. This can be especially true in the case of the female body, which undergoes hormonal changes on a regular basis. Low, or mild breast sensitivity problems in women are a common ailment that can come and go as hormonal levels fluctuate.

Identification

A woman's body naturally experiences changes as it moves through its monthly menstrul cycle, and as it moves through the aging process. Low breast sensitivity problems are a normal, natural part of this process, according to 34 Menopause Symptoms, a women's health resource site. Bodily changes can occur as the body transitions from one state to another, as in perimenopause to menopause or premenstrual to menstrual. Medical names for tenderness or soreness in the breast include mammalgia, mastalgia and masotdynia. Pain can appear in one or both breasts, and the frequency of occurrence may depend on a woman's individual genetics and physical condition.

Function

As much as 70 percent of women experience breast sensitivity problems within their lifetimes, according to 34 Menopause Symptoms. Fortunately, tenderness or soreness in the breasts seldom indicates a risk for breast cancer, but rather is a normal result from changing hormone levels. This is especially so around the years directly preceding menopause, as well as during the menopause period. During these times, a woman's hormonal balance is in a constant state of flux, which can affect both the mammary and reproductive systems in the body.

Types

Hormonal fluctuations are a necessary process within a woman's menstrual cycle, and can cause low breast sensitivity problems during premenstrual and menstrual periods. As genetics and physical condition can affect the types of symptoms experienced, the frequency, intensity and duration of discomfort can vary from person to person, according to 34 Menopause Symptoms. The most common symptoms include achiness, soreness, swelling and increased sensitivity to touch and pressure. Women may also experience pain in the breasts while sleeping, especially for those who sleep on their side.

Causes

The female reproductive system is characterized by fluctuations in hormone levels, according to 34 Menopause Symptoms. The primary hormones involved include estrogen and progesterone. A delicate balance between these two chemicals is needed for normal bodily function. Low breast sensitivity problems can develop when there is a spike, or drop in one or both hormones. Individual body chemistry also plays a part in determining how hormone imbalances affect the body. Sensitivity problems can also be caused by hormone replacement therapy treatments, which are often prescribed for women going through menopause.

Remedies

Low breast sensitivity problems usually resolve themselves once the body regains a normal hormone balance; however, women going through perimenopause or menopause may experience prolonged periods of discomfort. Remedies for reducing sensivity in the breasts include lifestyle changes and herbal supplements, according to 34 Menopause Symptoms. Lifestyle changes involve eating a balanced diet and exercising on a regular basis. Herbal supplements used to reduce breast soreness include black cohosh and macafem. Black cohosh is made up of plant estrogens, and works to replace low estrogen levels in the body. Macafem works by stimulating the pituitary system, which enables the body to produce its own balance of estrogens and progesterones.

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Vitamins For Women Over 40 Years Old

Vitamins for Women Over 40 Years Old

Your 40s are a time of life that is filled with exciting changes and opportunities. Your body begins to move from the childbearing years to a time of maturity that can be daunting, but can also be downright fun.

One way to make this time of your life one that is filled with youthful vitality is to be certain you're getting the right vitamins for women over 40.

Why You Need Vitamins

Children and teens need vitamins for growth and healthy development. As a woman in her childbearing years, you needed vitamins to nurture yourself and to have the energy and good health to nurture your children.

During your 40s, you end your childbearing years and move through perimenopause. This puts different demands on your body. You are in a phase of staying healthy and strong, while experiencing a renewed sense of freedom and excitement. You need women's vitamins to support what you want to do in this new phase of life, while warding off diseases and conditions that can develop as you get older.

Benefits After 40

All vitamins provide health benefits, but without the right vitamins, your bodily systems can't perform in a balanced way for this time of life.

For example, according to the Bastyr Center for Natural Health, antioxidant vitamins C and E have been shown to reduce the risk of cervical and ovarian cancer, while research by the Linus Pauling Institute shows that B vitamins can help reduce the occurrence of colon and breast cancer.

Natural News reports that antioxidant vitamins also help to keep free radicals from attacking cells. While this offers protection against illness, it also helps to keep you looking younger because your cells aren't as susceptible to the effects of pollution, stress and age.

Vitamins

Vitamins for women over 40 should include the following: vitamin A for regulating the immune system and healthy eyes; vitamin B complex for protection against diseases such as cancer, and for cell growth and metabolism; vitamins C and E for their anti-aging and anti-cancer properties; vitamin D, for helping prevent osteoporosis and weak bones by assisting calcium absorption; and vitamin K for bone formation and blood clotting.

Minerals

Besides vitamins, women need minerals throughout their 40s. Calcium helps to keep bones strong and prevent osteoporosis. Magnesium helps relieve the moodiness and lack of concentration that comes with perimenopause. And zinc assists with regulating hormones and keeping your immune system strong.

Where to get Vitamins and Minerals

For the most healthful results, it's important that vitamins for women are received by the body directly from their original source, which is healthy foods. Some women find that taking vitamin supplements help ensure that they have all the vitamins and minerals they need, and while that can be helpful, supplements are not as effective. A food source is still the best source.

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Minnesota Regulations On Companies Providing Health Insurance

Minnesota laws dictate how health insurance companies must do business in the state.

Companies in Minnesota that offer health insurance are subject to the laws in that state that regulate how insurance can be sold and how policies must be designed. Some of the strongest protections that Minnesota offers are related to pre-existing conditions, specifically, what constitutes a pre-existing condition and how long health conditions can be excluded. However, not all laws are designed to protect the consumer. Some laws favor the insurance industry.

Denial Of Coverage

Health insurance companies selling individual policies are free to turn you down because of health or other reasons, like age. This applies only to health insurance you purchase yourself, and not through a group insurance plan offered by your employer. This differs from states like Massachusetts that do not allow insurers to turn down individuals because of poor health. This means that when you apply for health insurance in Minnesota, you should be aware that it is in your best interest to apply for coverage when you are young and healthy.

Automatic Coverage

Newborns and adopted children are covered automatically on their parents' policy. This provision is only valid if your health insurance policy already covers dependent children. However, a health insurance company can withhold benefit payments until you pay the updated premiums that reflect the new subscriber on the policy.

Coverage for Disabled Children

Disabled children are normally covered up to the maximum age specified in the policy. However, if you can show that your child is incapable of supporting himself because of his mental or physical disability and that the child relies primarily on you for financial support, you can keep your child on your health insurance policy.

Pre-Existing Conditions

Minnesota does not allow exclusion riders, which can permanently exclude health conditions. They do, however, allow exclusions. An exclusion rider is a supplement added to a health insurance policy which modifies the terms and conditions of the policy so that a health condition, such as diabetes or a specified injury, can be excluded from coverage under the policy. All other conditions would be treatable under the policy. Allowing exclusions differs from an exclusion rider because the company will only be allowed to exclude health conditions that the insured person had before obtaining the health insurance policy. Once a person develops an illness or injury, the insurance company won't be able to add a rider to the policy when the policy renews at the end of the year to exclude the new condition.

For group health insurance plans, allowable excluded conditions can only be conditions for which you were either diagnosed or treated for up to six months before your acceptance into the new plan. If you were not treated or diagnosed, then the insurance company cannot exclude this condition. The actual exclusion period, however, can be up to 12 months for those conditions. The exclusion period is a period when your pre-existing health condition will not be treated by the insurance company. After the exclusion period is over, you can be treated for that condition. If you join the group health plan after you are hired, but not during the open enrollment period in January or a special enrollment period specified by the employer, then you are entering the plan late. If you enter the plan late, you might face an exclusion period of up to 18 months.

This exclusion period works the same way for individual policies.

Pre-existing condition exclusions cannot apply to pregnancy, newborns, adopted children or children placed up for adoption. Also, insurance companies are not allowed to impose an exclusion period because of genetic information. Group health insurance plans also must give you credit toward your new policy for any exclusion periods. For example, if your old policy has an exclusion period of five months, this time must be credited to your new policy.

Tags: health insurance, exclusion period, health insurance policy, insurance company, insurance policy

General Practitioner Information

General practitioners generally act as a family's primary doctor.

General practitioners are also known as family doctors, according to CollegeBoard.com. If you’re thinking about becoming a general practitioner you need to spend years studying and training, keeping up with advances in medicine, giving patients bad news from time to time and balancing heavy workloads with family life. Self-motivated, compassionate individuals who love helping people often think about becoming a doctor or general practitioner. Working as a general practitioner also pays extremely well.

Responsibilities

The main job of a general practitioner is to diagnose diseases and perform general checkups. If a patient has a common disease, such as the flu, general practitioners can prescribe medicine without referring an individual to a specialist. If general practitioners can’t fix a problem, it’s their responsibility to refer a patient to a specialist, according to CollegeBoard.com. The office of a general practitioner usually provides patients with vaccines for diseases. General practitioners can also provide patients with diet recommendations to treat conditions such as diabetes, blood pressure and weight problems.

Considerations

General practitioners are often a family or patient’s main doctor, according to CollegeBoard.com. As of 2010, approximately one-third of doctors are general practitioners, according to StateUniversity.com. The other two-thirds of doctors are specialists working in specific fields of medicine.

Outlook

Economists project job growth for doctors and expect employment for doctors to grow much faster than normal jobs through to 2018, according to CollegeBoard.com. The growing and aging population in the United States will create more of a demand for doctors throughout the country.

Education

To become a general practitioner, individuals must first obtain a bachelor’s degree in a science such as biology or chemistry before applying for medical school, according to StateUniversity.com. The majority of medical colleges have four-year programs that lead to medicine degrees. Some medical schools combine medical school with undergraduate school and last a total of six years. After that, doctors must complete an internship and residency at a hospital that lasts about three years.

Salary

General practitioners earned an average income of $161,490 in 2008, according to CollegeBoard.com. The salary range for general practitioners ranges from $120,175 to $168,311 in 2010, according to PayScale.com. General practitioners usually open a private practice or join the practice of another doctor after completing medical school. Some general practitioners work in hospitals.

Quick Fact

In 2008, approximately 43 percent of doctors worked over 50 hours per week, according to CollegeBoard.com.

Tags: according CollegeBoard, general practitioner, General practitioners, general practitioners, medical school

How Does Lung Cancer Start

Lung cancer, an abnormal growth of cells in one or both lungs, has many possible causes. Genetic mutations in dioxyribonucleic acid (DNA) begin in the lungs from smoking, the aging process or environmental factors such as asbestos. Once this occurs, the mutated cells replicate and spread their erroneous messages to the healthy cells. When this happens, cancer is born.

Genetic Research

Genetic research has shown that a series of genetic mutations or changes must take place in order for cancer to start. Cells may contain a form of mutation or irregularity long before becoming cancerous. These precancerous cells still function as healthy cells do. However, they continue to multiply and grow and often start to form in other parts of the body as well (metastasis).

Smoking

Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer and is responsible for more lung cancer deaths than any other factor. A man who smokes until the day he dies has a 2,300 percent greater risk of dying from cancer than from any other cause, while a lifelong nonsmoker has only a chance of less than .5 percent.

Secondhand Smoke

Secondhand smoke is responsible for the deaths of 3,400 people in the United States every year due to lung cancer. This is primarily due to the fact that cigarette smoke contains hundreds of chemicals known to be toxic or carcinogenic, including formaldehyde, benzene, vinyl chloride, arsenic ammonia and hydrogen cyanide.

Environmental Dangers

Pollution, asbestos and radiation are all factors in the development of lung cancer. By taking precautions and lessening one's exposure, it is possible to lower the risk of developing lung cancer. Wearing a face mask so as not to inhale harmful substances and using caution with radiation equipment are two such preventive measures.

Symptoms and Signs of Lung Cancer

When lung cancer is starting there are few warning signs. Lung cancer takes a long time to develop and is often not seen until later in life. Some of the warning signs include a persistent cough, coughing up blood and lingering bronchitis. Advanced stages of lung cancer produce symptoms such as weight loss, fatigue and difficulty breathing.

Tags: lung cancer, healthy cells, lung cancer, warning signs

What Are The Causes Of Nodular Acne

Acne is a skin condition that most people experience at some point of life, typically the teenage years, when hormones that encourage breakouts are running high. Unfortunately, all types of acne are not the same. Acne can range in severity from simple blackheads and whiteheads that are easily treated with a good skin care regime and prescription topical creams, to a more severe and pervasive form of acne that forms under the skin. Nodular acne, a severe form of acne vulgaris, can require intensive dermatological treatment.

What Is Nodular Acne?

Unlike lesions associated with mild-to-moderate forms of acne vulgaris that present on or near the skin's surface, nodular acne spots form well underneath the skin and are characterized by large hard bumps. They can be extremely painful and linger for months and, if left untreated, may even flare up again in the same place. Because nodular acne typically leaves scars in its wake, it is not recommended that these types of lesions be squeezed as it may cause the nodules to linger even longer.

How Nodules Form

According to the Mayo Clinic, acne is the result of three factors: sebum overproduction, bacteria buildup and shedding of dead skin cells that irritate hair follicles in the skin. The follicles of hair in the skin are connected to the sebaceous glands--glands that produce the oil that lubricates and protects the skin. When the body produces excess sebum, it doesn't have time to travel along the hair shaft and onto the skin's surface. Instead, hair follicles become plugged with sebum and dead skills. If this blockage takes place deep inside the hair follicle rather than closer to the skin's surface, nodular acne is the result.

Other Causes

Acne of any type is typically the result of hormonal changes and fluctuations. Changes in hormones are common in teens, pregnant women and females two to seven days before a menstrual period begins. People who use certain medications, such as cortisone, may also experience increases in hormone levels. But there are other factors that contribute to acne as well, including factors of heredity. If your parents had acne, you have a greater chance of having it as well. Additionally, plying oily or greasy topicals to the skin (including certain cosmetics) can have an effect on breakouts.

Treating Nodular Acne

While topical creams work well for mild-to-moderate forms of acne, nodular acne usually requires more aggressive therapy. Oral antibiotics may be prescribed to fend off bacteria and reduce inflammation. But even antibiotics may not be enough. A treatment regime called isotretinoin, which goes by the brand name of Accutane, is often prescribed for patients with deep nodular acne. While this is a very effective treatment plan, it must be closely monitored by a dermatologist because of the numerous side effects that can present. Accutane cannot be taken by women who are pregnant or who intend to become pregnant because the drug can damage the fetus. Accutane can also increases liver enzyme levels, and some patients develop inflammatory bowel disease after its use.

Nodular Acne and Surface Scarring

Because nodular acne generally results in surface scarring, patients may want to consider laser and light-based therapy. This treatment also penetrates the deep layers of the skin, causing the sebaceous glands to produce less oil. This treatment also reduces the appearance of scarring. Therefore, it's an ideal treatment for patients with both active acne and scarring. Other ways of reducing nodular acne scarring include dermabrasion, laser resurfacing and injection of collagen or fat into the scars.

Tags: nodular acne, nodular acne, skin surface, acne result, acne scarring

Prevent Hodgkin'S Disease

Prevent Hodgkin's Disease

Hodgkin's disease refers to a number of different forms of cancer, all of which affect the lymphatic system. Four named categories and one unnamed category of Hodgkin's disease exist, and each affects the lymphatic system in a different way. When caught early, Hodgkin's disease has a very high survival rate (about 95 percent according to the American Cancer Society), but it is a difficult disease to prevent.

Instructions

1. There are no clear-cut steps established by the medical community that prevent Hodgkin's disease. A healthy lifestyle containing a balanced diet and plenty of exercise is certainly recommended for keeping your immune system strong, but this does not guarantee prevention.

2. Avoid becoming infected with infectious mononucleosis. According to the American Cancer Society, there is a slight increase in the chances of developing Hodgkin's disease in those who have first contracted infectious mononucleosis.

3. Take extra care of yourself when you are dealing with a diminished immune system. Those with AIDS or with congenital immunodeficiencies appear more likely to develop Hodgkin's disease.

4. Schedule regular visits with your doctor at the completion of an organ transplant. Those who have received organ transplants are commonly placed on medications that reduce the immune system's rejection of transplanted organs. This makes the body susceptible to the development of Hodgkin's disease.

Tags: Hodgkin disease, immune system, American Cancer, American Cancer Society, Cancer Society, infectious mononucleosis

What Stones Are Compatible With Black Obsidian

Black obsidian can be fashioned to make jewelry and talismans.

Black obsidian is formed when magma from a volcanic eruption cools rapidly. The result is a black glasslike stone that contains no geometric pattern or structure. This stone is very hard but can be broken easily with direct hits. Ancient peoples shaped black obsidian into arrowheads and knife blades because of its ability to form sharp edges. Black obsidian is used to expel negative energies while protecting the wearer psychically. It is used in chakra work to help reconnect with the earth. Light workers use black obsidian to remove negative attachments, like addictions.

Jet

Jet is made up of carbon and hydrocarbon compounds. This black or dark brown stone has been used in jewelry making for centuries. In spiritual work, jet is used for protection and purification. Jet and black obsidian are similar in color and texture making it easy for novices to mistake one for the other.The spiritual protecting powers of black obsidian combine with the grounding abilities of jet to create a combo that can be used for astral travel.

Moldavite

Moldavite was created about 14.8 million years ago when a meteor crashed into the Bohemian Plateau of the Czech Republic.The actual origin of the stone is the topic of much speculation. Some scientists theorize it was caused by the heat of the meteor melting the earth, while others believe it is of extraterrestrial origin. This glassy stone is most often dark green, although light and brownish green specimens have been found. Moldavite is regarded as a highly spiritual stone that can help the wearer find his spiritual path. When used with black obsidian, moldavite is a guide to self- transformation and awakening.

Amber

Amber is created when tree resin fossilizes into stone. Some rare amber pieces contain plant material or insects that were encapsulated in tree's sticky resin 30 to 60 million years ago. Amber is associated with the sun and warmth because of its translucent yellow to red coloring. The stone has been used for centuries in jewelry-making and healing work. This stone helps boosts inner strength and healing abilities and is ideal for healers and people suffering from illness.

Azeztulite

Azeztulite is a form of quartz crystal that has hexagonal crystal system. These stones where found in the mountains of North Carolina during a1970 dig. Azeztulite stones were also found in 2000 in the mountains of Vermont. This colorless or white stone is similar to clear quartz, but its spiritual energy is more concentrated. Azeztulite accelerates a higher level of thinking and is a guide to spiritual awaking. When combined with black obsidian, Azeztulite stimulates the third-eye and the crown chakra, allowing spiritual barriers to be broken.

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Testicular Tumor Symptoms

A testicular tumor may either be a scrotal mass or a cancerous growth that has formed on the actual testicle. Much like any other abnormality, it is best to consult with a doctor if something like this is discovered within this area of the body. Regardless of the diagnosis, there are certain symptoms that accompany both conditions.

Lump

For both benign and malignant tumors, you often may notice a lump somewhere along the testicle. This lump may cause the testicle to become swollen or abnormally hard or or for fluid to collect within the scrotum. For some, the scrotum itself becomes flushed with color.

Pain

Many times, both types of tumors cause the testicle and scrotum to suffer the sensation of pain or discomfort. This pain may either be periodic or persistent.

Neighboring Pain

While most men suffer some level of pain or discomfort within the testicle or scrotum, it can also emanate out into neighboring regions of the body, including the groin, abdomen and even the lower back.

Weight

You may also notice what is best described as weight, heaviness or a pulling sensation within the scrotum when there is a testicular tumor, be it malignant or benign.

Fatigue or Nausea

With a malignant testicular tumor, some men begin to experience an unexplained fatigue or exhaustion. But with a benign tumor, no fatigue is felt; instead, you'll often suffer from an unexplained nausea that can prompt episodes of vomiting.

Other Associated Symptoms

There is also a potential, particularly with malignant tumors, for tenderness or even an enlargement to occur within the tissue of the chest.

Tags: cause testicle, malignant tumors, pain discomfort, testicle scrotum, testicular tumor

What Is Involved In A Pap Smear

Understand your pap smear.

The Pap smear, also known as the Pap test or cervical smear, is a gynecological screening test used to detect abnormalities in the cells of the cervix. Cells are taken from the cervix and examined for cervical cancer or conditions that may develop into cancer.

Who Should get a Pap Smear?

Medical professionals recommend routine screening beginning at age 21 for sexually active women. Early detection of cancerous and precancerous cells is fundamental in the fight against cervical cancer. Typically if a woman has a normal Pap smear it is recommended that follow-up screenings be carried out every three years. It is not necessary for women over 65 who have had three previous normal Pap smears to continue screening.

The Procedure

A Pap smear is performed by a doctor or other specifically trained health care professional. Usually you will be asked to remove all of your lower garments before being provided with a gown. Once positioned on the examining table you will be directed to position your heels into stirrups, with knees bent and the top of your thighs aligned with the edge of the table. Most medical professionals will do their best to make you as comfortable as possible.

The healthcare provider inserts a plastic or metal instrument called a speculum into the vagina to allow access to the cervix. Because many women complain of the speculum being uncomfortably cold during insertion, some considerate providers take the time to slightly warm the instrument first.

A swab is then inserted into the cavity of the speculum to remove cells from the area of the cervix that connects with the uterus. The cell sample is sent away for examination under a microscope.

After removing the speculum the health care provider may perform an additional pelvic examination by placing two fingers inside the vagina and the other hand on your abdomen. Here the examiner is checking for abnormalities of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes or vagina.

Though the examination is generally not painful, some women experience a little discomfort, cramping or pressure during the process.

What to Expect Next

It usually takes about three weeks to receive Pap smear results, but this can vary greatly depending on the health care provider. The majority of test results are normal, however if your results are abnormal it does not necessarily mean that you have cancer. Many conditions can cause an abnormal Pap smear. In the event of an abnormal result, your doctor will contact you to arrange additional tests.

Though waiting for results can be a worrying time for women, many find comfort in the fact that they have taken a proactive step in managing their health by getting a Pap smear.

Tags: health care, care provider, cervical cancer, health care provider

Xray Technician Schools In Missouri

An X-ray technician or radiologic technician is a person who does diagnostic examinations using x-ray machines.

An X-ray technician or radiologic technician is a person who does diagnostic examinations using x-ray machines to take images of a patient's body. Formal training is required with at least a certificate in radiology, though associates degrees are more accepted. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), as of 2008 x-ray technicians can expect to make somewhere between $35,100 and $74,970 a year, depending on their education and experience.

State Fair Community College

The State Fair Community College (SFCC) in Sedalia offers a radiologic technology program that gives those who complete the program successfully an associate degree in x-ray technology. Along with x-ray machines, students at SFCC's radiologic program learn use computed tomography (CT) scanners, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines. In order to gain the degree in radiological technology, a student at SFCC must first meet admissions standards such as a high school diploma or general education development (GED) certification as well as completing English and Mathematics placement tests. Once a student of SFCC, then you must declare your major pre-radiology and take courses such as radiation biology and radiation protection along with many other radiology, biology, anatomy and health-related courses.

State Fair Community College

3201 W. 16th St.

Sedalia, MO 65301

877-311-7322

sfccmo.edu

Hillyard Technical Center

The Hillyard Technical Center (HTC) is located in St. Joseph and offers a radiologic technology program that is designed to get students ready for an entry-level position as an x-ray technician in a hospital or medical clinic. With accreditation from the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT), this 23-month, full-time program offers an American Society of Radiologic Technology (ASRT) curriculum both on-campus, in a classroom setting and off-site in a clinical setting. Along with the radiological curriculum, students must complete 15 credits of college-level, general education.

Hillyard Technical Center

3434 Faraon St.

St. Joseph, MO 64506

816-671-4170

hillyardtech.com

Nichols Career Center

Nichols Career Center has a two year radiologic technology program that certifies its graduates as diagnostic x-ray examiners. Classes take place in the career center classrooms and also some courses and practices held at the Jefferson City Hospital, Callaway Community Hospital and Jefferson City Medical Group. Not only do students learn about x-ray imaging and radiology but also physics, physiology, anatomy, biology, radiation protection and whatever is necessary for them to be radiologic technicians. In order to gain admission to this school, a candidate must have a high school diploma or GED equivalent, proficient American College Testing (ACT) scores, and college-level general education up to 15 credits in English writing and communication, mathematics, arts, social sciences, nutrition and information systems.

Nichols Career Center

605 Union Street

Jefferson City, MO 65101

573-659-3100

nicholscareercenter.org

Tags: Community College, Fair Community, Fair Community College, general education, Hillyard Technical

Most Common Types Of Cosmetic Procedures

Breast augmentation was the second most popular cosmetic surgery procedure in 2009.

The International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS) is the authority on the most common or popular types of cosmetic procedures performed worldwide. In 2010, it released the results of its Biennial Global Survey, a year-long study of cosmetic surgery in the top 25 countries and regions where it's performed that covered 75% of all procedures undertaken globally throughout 2009. Liposuction, breast augmentation, eyelid lifts, "nose jobs" and "tummy tucks" were the top five procedures. Brazil, the U.S., China, Mexico, India and Japan were the dominant countries. For the first time, ISAPS reported the number of non-surgical procedures performed by plastic surgeons was greater than the number of surgical procedures. Does this Spark an idea?

Liposuction

In 2009, liposuction was the most common plastic surgery procedure worldwide, according to ISAPS. The procedure, which involves the vacuum-assisted removal of fat from the body, represented 18.8% of all surgical procedures.

Breast Augmentation

After holding the title for the most popular procedure for the previous 10 years, 2009 saw breast augmentation relegated to second place, representing 17% of all cosmetic surgeries performed. Breast augmentation is the process of enlarging the breasts through the use of implants.

Blepharoplasty

Blepharoplasty is the medical term for an eyelid lift. Upper or lower eyelid lifts accounted for 13.5% of all cosmetic surgery in 2009.

Rhinoplasty

Rhinoplasty, otherwise known as nose reshaping or a "nose job," was the fourth most popular cosmetic surgery procedure in 2009, representing 9.4% of all surgical procedures performed.

Abdominoplasty

Abdominoplasty, often referred to as a "tummy tuck," was the fifth most common cosmetic surgery procedure in 2009, representing 7.3% of all surgeries worldwide.

Non-surgical Procedures

The top three non-surgical procedures in 2009, as identified by the ISAPS survey, were neuromodulators injections, commonly known as Botox (32.7%), wrinkle-busting hyaluronic acid injections (20.1%), and laser hair removal (13.1%). Countries where non-surgical procedures were the most common were the U.S., Brazil, Mexico and China and to a lesser extent, Japan, Hungary, South Korea, India and Germany.

Tags: cosmetic surgery, surgery procedure, cosmetic surgery procedure, most popular, procedure 2009, procedures performed, surgery procedure 2009

Allied Health Schools In Michigan

Michigan has one of the best medical education systems in the nation. Allied Heath degrees such as occupational therapy, physical therapy, X-ray technician are offered by several Michigan community colleges and universities. Prospective students can pursue certificates, associates or bachelor degrees in Allied Health related fields. In most cases, Allied Health professionals must also obtain certification or licensure in their chosen field before being able to practice.

Purpose of an Allied Health Professional

The majority of Allied Health fields are generally designed to be support positions that assist physicians and nurses with carrying out their work. Examples of this type of job would be dental hygienist or medical receptionist. Depending on the field, however, some practitioners may work directly to help patients in a one on one basis. One example of this would be a dietitian.

Michigan Community College Programs in Allied Health

There are 28 public community colleges in Michigan. Many of these colleges offer programs in Allied Health fields including physical therapist assistant, medical laboratory technician and more. You can review a list of community colleges at the Michigan Community College Associations website to locate a program that fits your specific needs. Kellogg Community College, for example, offers several areas of specialization within Allied Health fields. Community College offers Certificate of Development in several areas such as EMT training and medical billing and coding. North Central also offers Certificate and AAS programs.

Michigan University Programs in Allied Health

Eastern Michigan University now offers several programs in Allied Health fields, including a Bachelor's of Science degree in therapeutic recreation and a Bachelor's of Science in dietetics. Eastern Michigan University also offers a Bachelor's degree in health administration. Michigan State University also offers a strong dietetics program which is widely considered one of the best in the nation.

Cost Of an Allied Health Program

The cost of pursuing training in an Allied Health field will depend on several factors. Will it require a certificate, or a degree? If a certificate, then your cost can be greatly lowered by attending a small community college. If it requires a degree, then your costs will be higher. Of course, all tuition costs have been rising rapidly across the country, and Michigan is no exception. For the most current information on the cost of a program you are considering, contact the schools financial aid officer or bursar.

Benefits of a Career in Allied Health

Those that possess the necessary skills and credentials to work in a health related field will not only find that it is it personally rewarding, but that it is also a career that offers many other benefits. Health professionals are in great demand across the country, and they are generally very paid well for the services they provide. Employment can be found with hospitals, health departments, private clinics, physician's offices, as well as with some government agencies, depending on the area of specialization.

Tags: Allied Health, Allied Health fields, Health fields, also offers, Community College

Donate Hair To Canadian Cancer Patients

For women and children, the disfigurement caused by hair loss from chemotherapy can be as emotionally shattering as a diagnosis of cancer itself. In most cultures, much of a woman's sense of identity and self-esteem is invested in the appearance of her hair, and children everywhere dread being teased, stared at, and isolated from their peers by anything that makes them look different. In Canada, several charities welcome donations of human hair to be made into hand-sewn wigs and distributed free of charge by the Canadian Cancer Society to women and children with medical hair loss.

Instructions

Making the Cut for Cancer Patients

1. Find out if your hair qualifies. All charities will appreciate the generosity of your intentions, but hair to be made into medical wigs must meet several criteria "See Resources." In general, the ponytail length must be 8-10 inches. Curly hair is fine but should be pulled out straight for measurement. Some programs won't accept hair that has been chemically treated (colored, bleached or permed), while others will, as long as the hair is in good condition. Only the Pantene Beautiful Lengths program, which makes wigs for adult women only, accepts hair with some gray in it (but no more than 5%).

2. Shampoo and dry your hair. Whether you or your hairstylist does this, the donated hair must be clean and dry. Don't use any styling products, not even conditioner.

3. Brush your hair back into a ponytail secured at both ends by an elastic band. Some programs also accept and even prefer braids. On average, 12 units of hair are needed to make a medical wig.

4. Get your helper or stylist to cut your hair just above the ponytail elastic. Don't allow the ponytail to fall on the floor--hair that has made contact with the floor is considered unacceptable for donation.

5. Enclose the ponytail in a clean plastic bag. This protects the hair against the coming into contact with dirt or moisture as it travels through the postal system.

6. Drop the plastic bag into an addressed envelope, seal it, and send it by regular mail to the hair donation program of your choice. Be sure to include your name and address so an acknowledgment can be sent.

Tags: your hair, Canadian Cancer, Cancer Patients, contact with, hair loss, hair made

The Cons For Assessment Testing Of Prek Students

Pre-kindergarten assessment tests often fail to measure creative intelligence.

Although assessment testing has been mandatory in most states for years, until 2009, none have enforced these requirements. Many educators have expressed distaste for pre-kindergarten assessment testing, including education expert Martha Foote, who claimed in an interview with the New York Daily that the testing is "highly inappropriate". Besides being costly to taxpayers, administering tests to pre-kindergarten students places them under needless pressure and does not adequately reflect their potential.

Improper Diagnoses

Because performance varies depending on individual temperament, it is expected that some young children will struggle with what their classmates may consider easy. Determining the presence of developmental delays based on pre-kindergarten assessment, therefore, is misleading and often causes parents needless worry. Children suffer, too; according to psychologist Katherine Berger, treatment for a non-existent problem often results in the development of related symptoms.

Cost

Cities may pay almost $500,000 each year for pre-kindergarten assessment testing. Those who are in opposition to pre-kindergarten assessment testing point out that taxpayers' money would be better used for other projects. Additionally, the testing does not serve an obvious purpose. According to Department of Education advocate Melody Meyer, results of pre-kindergarten testing do not appear on students' permanent records. Intervention for children who perform poorly on assessment tests is typically unnecessary, as low scores often reflect normal age-related underdevelopment.

Limited Assessment

Pre-kindergarten assessment tests do not measure every type of intelligence, and often fail to measure skill in creative or practical problem-solving. Gifted children, whose thinking tends to be more divergent than their peers' thinking, may misunderstand answer a particular question or approach it in an abstract way. Although this is a sign of talent, assessment testing usually indicates that it is an indicator of a learning disability.

Tags: assessment testing, pre-kindergarten assessment, assessment tests, pre-kindergarten assessment testing, fail measure

Medical Clerk Job Description

A medical clerk works with medical records.

When you visit a medical office, filling patient forms is a typical requirement. After you fill out papers, they are then given to a medical clerk who carefully interprets and inputs data for doctors and insurance companies. Medical clerks are unseen by patients, but play an important role in health care facilities. According to the Occupational Information Network, a medical clerk is also known as a medical records and health information technician.

Responsibilities

According to the Occupational Information Network, a medical clerk compiles, processes and maintains records of patients in a way that is consistent to the requirements of health care systems. A medical clerk understands medical, ethical, administrative, legal and regulatory requirements in medical record keeping. A clerk prepares patient information for the purpose of health standards and requirements. A clerk works with technology, such as medical charting systems, microfiche, postal scales, scanners and multi-line telephone systems. These workers use medical software, accounting software and database user interface and query software.

Environment and Hours

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, medical clerks can be found in comfortable and well-lit offices. Medical clerks have little contact with patients and are not involved in direct patient care. Medical clerks typically work a 40-hour workweek. Some may work in facilities that are open around the clock, seven days per week. Clerks can work evening and weekend shifts. In 2008, approximately 14 percent of technicians worked part-time.

Education and Training

According to College Board, a non-profit that connects students with educational opportunities, employers require medical clerks to have an associate's degree for a community college or junior college. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, courses include anatomy and physiology, medical terminology, health data requirements and standards, data analysis, clinical classification and coding systems and database management. Many employers seek technicians with a Registered Health Information Technician certification provided by the American Health Information Management Association. An applicant is required to have an associate degree and take an examination to be eligible for certification.

Earnings

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, medical records and health information technicians earned a national mean hourly wage of $16.29 and a national mean annual wage of $33,880 in May 2009. The industries that employed the highest number of medical records and health information technicians were general medical and surgical hospitals with a mean annual wage of $35,870; offices of physicians, $28,460; nursing care facilities, $33,100; outpatient care centers, $30,650; and the Federal Executive Branch, $45,120.

Job Outlook

According to the National Employment Matrix from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment for medical records and health information technicians is expected to increase at a rate of 20 percent through 2018. The increase will correlate with the need for medical tests, procedures and treatments to be performed. Job opportunities will be very good, especially for those with a specific understanding in computer software and technology.

Tags: medical records, Bureau Labor, Bureau Labor Statistics, Labor Statistics, medical clerk

Pros & Cons Of Xrays

Seven out of 10 people receive either a medical or dental X-ray every year, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, making X-rays the primary source of man-made radiation exposure. Thousands of X-ray machines are used every day in medical settings.

Function

X-ray machines work by sending out tiny X-ray particles, called photons, through the body and capturing them on special film or a computer. The X-ray particles are the same kind of radiation as sunlight and travel through the body in the same way.

Because photons move easily through substances like air, these show up as black on the X-ray film. Fluids in the body show up as gray, because the photons can partially penetrate liquid. The photons cannot penetrate very dense matter, such as bones and teeth, and these substances show up on the X-ray film as white.

X-ray examinations are given by trained medical professionals, called radiologists, in a medical setting.

Pros

X-rays are a useful diagnostic tool because they can provide a clear picture of many internal structures that could only be viewed through more complex or intrusive methods without X-rays.

X-rays can illuminate the skeletal system to diagnose broken bones or joint damage. They also can confirm the existence of suspected bodily blockages, such as kidney stones or gallstones, that might need medical intervention.

Because they are quick and easily performed tests, X-rays are good for situations, such as emergency room visits, where speed is important.

Cons

X-rays have the potential to cause cellular damage because they are ionizing rays and may remove electrons from the atoms with which they come in contact. Though the risk is small, it is possible that this cellular damage could lead to cancer. In some rare cases, this damage can affect ovary cells or sperm cells, making a person infertile.

X-rays are potentially dangerous for very small children. They have the potential to cause birth defects in unborn children.

Considerations

The National Academy of Sciences has said that in most cases, the benefits of diagnosis outweigh the possible risks of using X-rays. To ensure your safety, choose trained professionals at recognized medical institutions to perform your X-rays and carefully follow the instructions given to you during the procedure.

Be sure to tell your doctor if you are pregnant, trying to become pregnant or breastfeeding before your X-ray exam.

If you have questions about X-ray safety, talk with your doctor or health care provider.

Regulations

X-ray use is regulated by several different agencies in the United States. Individual states work with the Food and Drug Administration to inspect and approve the X-ray machines used within their borders. The FDA regulates the production of X-ray machinery. The National Institute of Standards and Technology is responsible for setting the standards for X-ray use and manufacture.

Tags: X-ray machines, because they, cellular damage, have potential, have potential cause

Things That Can Help Me While In School For Medical Office Management

Studying medical office management requires strong attention to detail and flexibility.

Medical office managers are professionals who organize, direct and monitor health care services in a medical office. Aspiring medical office managers should complete two-year associate degree or four-year bachelor's degree programs in areas such as health care administration and business administration. Employment of medical office managers is projected to increase 16 percent from 2008 to 2018, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Medical office managers in 2011 earned between $30,922 and $47,316, reports PayScale. Several tips can help you to succeed while in school for medical office management.

Medical Terminology

While in school for medical office management, master medical terminology. Know the anatomy and physiology of the human body, which will help you to better understand various procedures that your medical office's doctor decides to perform or recommend to patients. In addition, study pharmacology so that you understand common drugs and their uses. Learn about common illnesses and prevent various types of disease, because you will interact with patients with different medical conditions on a daily basis.

Communication Skills and Ethics

Practice speaking to others correctly. As a medical office manager, you must know communicate effectively with patients, fellow front-office employees and doctors. You also must know motivate individuals. Get a grasp of health care legalities and ethics as well, which includes keeping patients' information private under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, or HIPAA. In addition, learn human resources tasks such as hiring employees and handling employee compensation, as you might be required to perform these duties as a medical office manager. Ask questions of your instructor if you are confused about something you are covering in class, and do not hesitate to visit your instructor outside of class for further clarification or guidance. This, too, will help you to improve your personal communication skills.

Software

Spend time learning keyboarding and word processing skills, as you will regularly be using a computer when in a medical office management position. In addition, try to master your school's medical software program because more medical offices are using electronic medical patient records. Learn complete medical coding and billing procedures as well as accounting, health care reimbursement and health insurance policies and procedures. Also, practice interpreting data -- a chief component of a medical office manager's role.

Experience

Complete an internship in the medical office management field. Any real-world experience you can gain while in school is vital and actually might be considered in lieu of your level of education when you begin to look for medical office manager jobs. Most employers actually require medical office manager applicants to have two to five years of related work experience, according to Education-Portal.com. Your college should be able to connect you with a local site at which you can intern and hopefully land a job.

Tags: medical office, medical office management, medical office manager, office manager, health care, medical office

Xray Dangers

X-ray Dangers

Many people are not comfortable getting X-rays taken because of the possible adverse health effects. An increasing number of people have began to refuse X-ray scans, as a result of a report published by the National Academy of Science that outlined negative biological effects that can result after exposure to radiation. The potential dangers of X-ray radiation exposure include cancer, leukemia, and genetic mutations.

Genetic Mutation Dangers

If the gonads are exposed to excessive amounts of radiation, which are estimated to be 10 r. (roentgens), it may cause gene mutations, which can potentially result in deformities of the subject's offspring. A typical dental X-ray now exposes 5 r. directly to the jaw of a patient. The radiation does not stop at the jaw, however, it has the ability to scatter and reach the gonads. The average dental X-ray will then expose the gonads to a small amount of radiation totaling 0.001 r. in females and 0.005 r. in males. Thus, it would take a female 10,000 dental X-rays to face potential problems, and 2,000 X-rays for males.

Cancer/Leukemia Dangers

Overexposure to radiation of a specific body part can cause problems with the skin that closely resemble cancers and bad burns. When the radiation scatters throughout the body, such as in dental X-rays, it has the power to pierce marrow inside of the body that forms blood. Excessive amounts of radiation have also been found to cause leukemia in some patients.Though leukemia is a possible danger of X-rays, it is not a common occurrence. In the past 46 years, there have only been 87 documented cases of leukemia forming as a result of exposure to not only X-rays, but also radium and thorium.

Prenatal Dangers

Researchers at the Oxford University have studies that have determined that X-rays can be dangerous to the fetus during pregnancy. The studies observed that British mothers with children who have died of leukemia had twice as many X-rays of the pelvic region when compared to mothers of healthy children. The X-rays which took place potentially exposed the fetus to radiation during pregnancy, and may have resulted in the increased numbers of leukemia related deaths among them. Although the finders were non-conclusive, this has raised awareness against conducting unnecessary, potentially dangerous X-rays among pregnant women.

Tags: amounts radiation, dental X-ray, dental X-rays, during pregnancy

Pros & Cons Of Rfa

RFA is used to treat certain types of tachycardia and arrhythmia.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a nonsurgical medical procedure in which a high-frequency alternating current is used to ablate (destroy) a portion of biological tissue. RFA is most commonly used to treat heart rhythm irregularities, cancerous tumors and certain types of chronic pain.

Pros for Uses in Cardiology

According to the American Heart Association, cardiac RFA, or catheter ablation, has a high success rate with a low risk of complications. Only mild sedation is required and patients experience little or no discomfort during the procedure. Most patients are able to return to their normal routines within a few days.

Cons for Uses in Cardiology

Complications of catheter ablation are related to the mechanics of the procedure. Physicians perform a catheter ablation by inserting a catheter (special wire) through an artery or vein in the groin. Fluoroscopy (a type of X-ray) is used to guide the catheter to the heart. Infrequently, threading a catheter through a blood vessel can create blood clots, damage the blood vessel, perforate the heart muscle or damage a valve in the heart. In addition, prolonged exposure to fluoroscopy radiation may cause a small increase in the lifetime risk of cancer.

Pros and Cons for Uses in Treating Cancer

RFA treatment for cancer is a minimally invasive procedure in which a needle is inserted into a tumor. The needle delivers energy that heats and destroys cancer cells. The area treated turns into a lesion that heals into a scar, which may be permanent. Research published by Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology indicates that the most common problem with RFA treatments is pain from the lesion. However, complications of radiofrequency ablation are very low and most problems resolve themselves over time. RFA treatments usually take less than an hour and the patient is able to return home the next day.

Pros and Cons for Treating Pain

Radiofrequency ablation is used to treat severe pain in the lower back.

Radiofrequency ablation is used to treat chronic lower back pain, neck pain and arthritis pain by heating and destroying nerves that carry pain signals to the brain. The procedure is minimally invasive and can be completed on an outpatient basis in two to three hours. Information published by University of Utah Health Care states that more than 70 percent of patients treated with RFA experience pain relief that lasts for six months to a year. Problems associated with RFA include no pain relief after treatment, an increase in pain that may last up to two weeks and a slight risk for infection or bleeding at the needle insertion site.

Tags: used treat, catheter ablation, Pros Cons, ablation used, ablation used treat, able return, blood vessel

Hearing Test Tips

Effectively demonstrate your hearing abilities.

Hearing tests are commonly administered to children and adults to determine how well individuals can hear and evaluate whether or not they need hearing assistance. While you likely want to do your best on this test, it is important to remember that it is simply intended to determine if you need hearing assistance. If you struggle with hearing, a test of this type is the first step toward getting the medical help you need.

Avoid Loud Noises

Cigna Healthcare reports that those taking hearing tests should avoid loud noises for 16 hours prior to their test time. Exposure to loud noises, such as those heard at sporting events or concerts, can temporarily stifle your hearing and lead to an inaccurate reading on your hearing screening. If you have been exposed to loud noises shortly before taking your assessment, notify the individual administering the test so that he can take this into consideration when interpreting your results.

Listen Carefully

In most hearing screenings, participants are asked to put on a set of headphones and respond when they hear tones. These tones can be quite difficult to pick up. As you take your hearing test, pay full attention to the task at hand. Some find it helpful to close their eyes while they listen. This helps to avoid distraction.

Respond When You Think You Hear a Noise

Because some noises that you hear while taking your hearing test may be faint, you may not be certain that you heard a tone at all. To ensure that you don't miss out on possible correct answers, respond any time you think you heard a noise. In all likelihood, you did hear a faint tone, so your response is warranted. If you didn't in fact hear a noise, this false response will be calculated into your assessment total.

Answer Truthfully

There is no way to trick a hearing test. If you cannot hear the tones and simply try to guess, the test administrator will be able to determine this. The person giving the test knows when tones sound, so if your response pattern does not match the tone pattern, she will be able to determine whether or not you are guessing.

Relax

There is no reason to be stressed about a hearing test. If you need hearing assistance, this test will identify your need and you will receive the assistance to hear to the best of your abilities. If you do not need assistance, your score on the test will likely reflect your hearing ability.

Tags: your hearing, hearing test, hearing assistance, loud noises, need hearing, need hearing assistance, able determine

Reinvent Your Life After 60

Life after 60 can be full of new challenges.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the average life expectancy in the United States in 2007 was 77.9 years old. As people are living longer, the years beyond 60 become even more important. Without career or family responsibilities, those beyond 60 often know what activities they find fulfilling and have the time to learn something new. Whether it's a new financial enterprise, a new home base or a new social circle those years can prove to be some of the most fruitful in which to reinvent your life.

Instructions

1. Move to a new city. If you have always wanted to live in a different area of the country, take the opportunity to do it after 60. If you want to test out a new town without committing long-term, sublet an apartment for a couple of months. Talk to friends who can recommend an individual who has space available to rent. If your children have already relocated to another city, you may discover you see them as much as you would if you stayed put. If you don't want to change cities but do want to see more of the U.S., consider using a recreational vehicle for part of the year.

2. Take classes at your local university or college. Many people devote much of their lives to raising children, building a career or both. With the time available to study, consider taking part-time classes to learn about what interests you. For example, if you have a love of art consider taking a primer on Art History. If you have creative skills, consider participating in a drawing or painting class. Learn a language for an upcoming trip or even for the sake of challenging your ability to speak a new tongue.

3. Take your hobby and turn it into a business. If you enjoy making birdhouses in your garage, start selling them at craft fairs and farmer's markets. You'll have both the benefits of doing something you enjoy and the interaction with members of the community who will buy your goods. Make your enterprise low-risk and focused on something you will be fulfilled doing, whether or not sales are strong. Reinvest into the business any funds you make or place them into a savings account for spontaneous adventures, such as a weekend trip to a place you've never been.

4. Join an athletic club. Keeping fit and active is vital to make the most of the years after 60. Play tennis with friends or join a team sports league designed for adults. The exercise will keep your energy up and the interaction with other participants will enhance your social life. If you're looking for moderate activity with the same social aspect, join a walking group or start one with your neighbors. Balance the athletic activity with intellectual socialization. Gather friends to start a book club or attend lectures put on by notable speakers.

5. Volunteer for an organization or issue that you care about. If you have a lifelong love of animals, volunteer to walk dogs, socialize cats or organize fundraising events for the local shelter. If you have in the past given money to development projects in other parts of the world, contact the organization and ask if you are able to volunteer your time as well. No matter what you do, reinventing your life after 60 should be about making your life the one you want to live.

Tags: activity with, consider taking, interaction with, into business, your life

Radiology Technician Scholarships

Radiology technicians perform X-rays, MRI scans and CT scans in health care settings. They receive formal training in anatomy, radiation safety and basic patient care at colleges, universities and technical schools. Several scholarships are available to help students pay for their radiology technology education.

Jerman-Cahoon Student Scholarship

The American Association of Radiologic Technologists Education and Research Foundation awards the $2,500 Jerman-Cahoon Student Scholarship to five students each year. Entry-level radiology technology students are eligible to apply if they attend an accredited program and have a minimum 3.0 GPA in their radiology technology classes. Applicants must be U.S. citizens, U.S. nationals or permanent residents.

American Association of Radiologic Technologists Education and Research Foundation

15000 Central Ave. SE

Albuquerque, NM 87123

800-444-2778 Extension 2541

asrt.org

Royce Osborn Minority Student Scholarship

The annual Royce Osborn Minority Student Scholarship is available to minority, entry-level students who are training for a career in radiology technology. The American Association of Radiologic Technologists Education and Research Foundation grants five of the $4,000 scholarships each year. Application requirements include a minimum 3.0 GPA in an accredited radiology technology program and status as a U.S. citizen, national or permanent resident.

American Association of Radiologic Technologists Education and Research Foundation

15000 Central Ave. SE

Albuquerque, NM 87123

800-444-2778 Extension 2541

asrt.org

Elizabeth Bray Scholarship

The Illinois State Society of Radiologic Technologists provides the annual Elizabeth Bray Scholarship to a member of the organization to pursue education in radiology technology. Applicants must have been society members for at least 60 days, attend an accredited radiology technology program and have a minimum 3.0 GPA. Selection criteria include academic achievement, financial need and professional and community activities. The minimum award is $500.

Illinois State Society of Radiologic Technologists

1701 E. Empire St., Suite 360

Bloomington, IL 61704

800-947-7789

issrt.org

Tags: radiology technology, Radiologic Technologists, American Association, American Association Radiologic, Association Radiologic

What Is The Normal Protocol For A Abnormal Pap Smear

A Pap smear is a gynecological procedure to detect changes in the cervix that may become cancerous. If these changes are found, the Pap test is called abnormal and your doctor will recommend further testing.

Pap Test Results

A Pap smear tests the thin layer of tissue covering the cervix for abnormal or damaged cells. An abnormal result is indicative of early pre-cancer changes called dysplasia and is graded as mild, moderate or severe.

First Step After Abnormal Result

In most cases, the first step after receiving an abnormal Pap result is a repeat Pap test. Sometimes, cervical changes will go away on their own, and if a woman receives two normal Pap tests in a year, she can return to the routine Pap test schedule.

Further testing

If the second Pap test is abnormal, further testing is needed. First, the doctor will perform a colposcopy, a magnification of the cervix. If abnormal cells are seen during this test, a doctor may decide to do a biopsy, in which a small sample of tissue is removed from the cervix and sent to a lab to be studied.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the result of the further testing. For mild dysplasia, the patient is usually monitored with more frequent Pap tests. Several techniques are used to treat moderate and severe dysplasia, including freezing, laser treatment and cone biopsy.

Causes

The main cause of abnormal Pap results is Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted disease that has been linked to cervical cancer.

Tags: abnormal result, cervix abnormal, doctor will, further testing, moderate severe

What Types Of Math Do Nurses Use

Mathematics is used by many professions.

Every day, nurses use math to help them carry out the duties of their job. Math encompasses far more than the simple process of addition and subtraction. If you are planning to become a nurse you will find that math plays a vital role in your career. Everything from caring for your patient to following the orders of the doctor will involve some type of mathematical formula.

Measurements

As a nurse, you will be in charge of administering medication to patients, in the form of an IV medication or a simple dosage of pills. You will find that being able to measure the proper dosage is integral to caring for the patient. Giving an incorrect dosage could be very dangerous to the patient and could cost you a job.

Problem Solving

As with any job, there is a need for problem solving in nursing. Doctors maintain a very busy schedule and generally only visit the patient as needed or on an emergency basis. The main care is left to the nurse. As a nurse you must be aware of the patient's problems and determine best meet their needs. In some cases this may require contacting the physician. In other cases, you may be able to meet their needs effectively on your own using mathematical data such as vital signs and reactions to medications.

Data Analysis and Statistics

In your job as a nurse, you will need to determine how often a medication should be dispensed. You will use data such as how the medication is working and how soon it wears off to determine the appropriate dosing schedule. You will present this data to the physician in charge of ordering the medication to provide him with the information needed to make a decision.

Rations and Proportions

Ratios and proportions are used most often in the dispensing of medication. As a nurse you are given orders by the doctor about how much to dispense based on weight and time. You must then calculate exactly how much medication to dispense and how often. Using mathematical formulas you can determine this number even though the prescription and dosing measurements may vary.

Tags: nurse will, data such, find that, meet their, meet their needs, orders doctor, their needs

Middle Schools In Tacoma Washington

There are several middle schools in Tacoma, Washington.

Tacoma is a city in western Washington state. As of January 2011, it had over 200,000 residents. The Tacoma Public Schools is the entity responsible for administering the public school system in Tacoma. Approximately 28,000 children are enrolled in the Tacoma public schools in grades Kindergarten through 12. The school system includes several middle schools.

John S. Baker Middle School

Baker Middle School is situated in South Tacoma at 8320 South I Street. It serves students in grades six through eight. The school also educates students who are deaf or learning English who do not live in the Baker Middle School district. The mascot of the middle school is the Bulldog. As of January 2011, construction is underway on a new building, which the administration anticipates will be ready for move-in by December 2011.

Jason Lee Middle School

Jason Lee Middle School is the home of the Bobcats. It is located at 602 North Sprague Avenue in Tacoma and is close to the campus of the University of Puget Sound. Open for enrollment since 1924, the school emphasizes education in the arts and multimedia technology. Many community members volunteer their services both to the school and its many after-school programs.

Truman Middle School

Truman Middle School is located at 5801 North 35th Street in Tacoma. Classes begin at 8:15 a.m. and let out for the day at 2:45 p.m. The school's mascot is the Titan. There is an active parent-teacher student association at the middle school, which works to ensure communication and a quality learning environment for students.

First Creek Middle School

First Creek Middle School is in southeast Tacoma at 1801 East 56th Street. The school was established in 2009 and works to provide a hands-on learning experience for students through field trips and trips to local businesses. It also relies on the help of many community volunteers who help students through tutoring. The mascot of the middle school is the Eagle.

Angelo Giaudrone Middle School

Giuadrone Middle School is located at 4902 South Alaska Street near the Evergreen Shopping Center in east Tacoma. The home of the Huskies opened for enrollment in 2003. It focuses on educating students about technology. As of September 2010, there is a uniform policy in place at Giuadrone Middle School. The policy requires that students wear solid tops and bottoms in navy, white or black to school.

Tags: Middle School, Middle School, Baker Middle, Baker Middle School, Creek Middle

About Individual Health Insurance In New Jersey

The Individual Health Coverage Program provides guaranteed health insurance to New Jersey residents.

Individual health insurance options within the state of New Jersey provide for the insurance needs of persons deemed ineligible for health coverage. Income limitations or pre-existing medical conditions can result in an ineligibility status in the eyes of insurance companies. But plans offered through New Jersey's Individual Health Coverage Program guarantee standard coverages and have guaranteed renewal.

Identification

Within the state of New Jersey, the Individual Health Coverage (IHC) Program ensures all eligible persons have access to some form of health insurance. According to the State of New Jersey Department of Banking & Insurance, coverage is available for a family, two adults, one adult with children, and an individual person. Persons can choose from an assortment of insurance carriers with different types of plans available to choose from. The IHC program requires guaranteed coverage and renewal, which means individuals cannot be denied coverage based on pre-existing conditions or current health status.

Function

The Individual Health Coverage program provides coverage for individuals unable to obtain access to employer-sponsored or government-sponsored coverage. According to the State of New Jersey Department of Banking & Insurance, plan types come in the form of fee-for service plans, HMOs, PPOs and POSs. One other plan, called the Basic and Essential Health Plan (B&E Plan), falls under plans offered by EPOs or Exclusive Provider Organizations. Standardized plan coverages include hospital care, office visits, tests and screenings, prescription drugs, along with other necessary services.

Eligibility

According to the State of New Jersey Department of Banking & Insurance, New Jersey residents may be eligible for individual health insurance as long as they reside within the state and are ineligible for any employer, government or church group plans or Medicare coverage. In order to be considered a resident of the state, individuals must reside there at least six months out of the calendar year. Exceptions to this requirement include those defined as a federally eligible individual. Federal eligibility applies when a person has had coverage for a minimum of 18 months and shows no breaks in coverage longer than 63 days at a time.

Coverage Requirements

New Jersey’s Individual Health Insurance Program requires insurance carriers to set standard community rates or costs for coverage plans. According to the State of New Jersey Department of Banking & Insurance, standard community rates apply regardless of a person’s health status, gender, location or occupation, though rates may differ on the basis of age. Participating carriers must offer a base of different plan coverages so consumers can compare benefits and costs from different carriers. Insurance carriers must also offer a Basic and Essential Plan, which provides limited health insurance coverage.

Pre-Existing Conditions

Under New Jersey’s Individual Health Insurance Program, any illness or injury that first appears six months prior to enrollment in a health plan falls under the definition of a pre-existing condition. Individuals who’ve had no prior insurance as of 31 days prior to enrollment must undergo a waiting period of 12 months before receiving coverage for a pre-existing condition, according to the State of New Jersey Department of Banking & Insurance. During the waiting period, coverage applies only to conditions not related to the pre-existing condition. Exceptions to this rule include federally defined eligibility, where no waiting period is required for a pre-existing condition.

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Look Like You Have Big Breasts With A Bikini

You can get surgery to have larger breast but there are things you can do to make them look bigger when wearing a bikini. you can push them together and up and this will give you the appearance that they are bigger than they really are. It can be a great alternative to getting surgery.

Instructions

1. First you want to try on a bathing suit top that is one size smaller because this can help you to push your breast together. You can get bra forms that can be found at your local department store and they help to control your breast positioning. They are not very expensive about $15 or so and are easy to use.

2. Next you want to take out the pads that come with the bathing suit that you have and replace them with bra pads. They should be easy to fit into the top and they can make a dramatic difference in your appearance. It is a lot cheaper and safer then going through surgery to enhance your breast.

3. The secret is the placement of the breast pad and this is key to getting great cleavage. You want to make sure that you place them under and to the side of the breast. This will allow the breast to be positioned in the right place to make your cleavage look fantastic.

4. Finally it is important that before you do something drastic such as surgery that you try other alternatives. Using breast pads may be a great alternative in getting implants. You want to always be cautious before doing any type of surgery to your body.

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The Average Salary Of An Xray Technician In Oregon

X-ray technicians help doctors to diagnose patient concerns.

X-ray technicians also go by the name radiologic technicians, radiologic technologists or radiographers. They are responsible for the diagnostic imaging performed in a facility or lab. Many X-ray technicians also operate other similar equipment such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and mammography machinery.

Job Description

An X-ray technician's primary responsibility is to operate the X-ray machine safely and effectively. X-ray techs help prepare and position the patient for best testing results. He also explains the testing procedure and answers any of the patient's questions. X-ray technicians follow safety precautions to ensure the patient, staff and facility are not exposed to any excessive or unnecessary radiation. X-ray techs record results and present them to other health-care professionals. They also maintain the equipment, coordinating repairs and service on the equipment. The ordering of supplies and purchase of materials fall into their duties as well. X-ray technicians typically have a certification or associate's degree in their field. Some states, such as Oregon, require radiologic technologists to hold a valid license to practice.

Salary

The annual median salary for a radiologic technician in the United States was $53,240 in May 2009, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The BLS reported that radiologic technicians in Oregon at that time received a median annual salary of $60,440. The middle 50 percent of radiologic technicians in Oregon earned between $50,650 and 70,480 in median salary per year. Many X-ray techs work in hospitals, giving them access to benefits packages, including health insurance and retirement contributions, that raise their total compensation.

Hourly Wages

A large percentage of X-ray technicians work full time for a salary, but many others work part time or on an hourly-pay basis. Radiologic technicians in Oregon receive a higher pay than technicians elsewhere in the United States. The median national hourly wage for radiologic technicians was $25.59 in May 2009, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The BLS reported that radiologic technicians in Oregon at that time received a median hourly wage of $29.06. The middle 50 percent of radiologic technicians in Oregon earned between $24.35 and $33.89 in hourly wage.

Geographic Differences

Technicians in Portland and the western coast of Oregon earned the highest salaries in the sate. The median annual salary for radiologic technicians in Portland was $63,230 in May 2009, according to the BLS. Techs in nonmetropolitan coastal areas earned a median annual salary of $61,640. Radiologic technicians in the other areas of Oregon earned between $56,170 and $59,780 in median salary per year.

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