Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tests rely on powerful magnetic fields to create detailed pictures of organs and tissues, which doctors examine to determine whether a patient has a disease or injury. Unlike X-rays, MRI tests do not use potentially dangerous radiation. However, some MRI tests require the use of a contrast material called gadolinium. Gadolinium is a paramagnetic metal ion that makes the MRI images more vivid. Gadolinium-based contrast agents are safe for most people, but they occasionally cause dangerous reactions.
Allergic Reactions
Gadolinium-based contrast agents cause allergic reactions less frequently than the contrast agents used in X-rays, which include iodine, according to RadiologyInfo.org. However, allergic reactions still occur. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include hives, itchy skin, itchy eyes and a skin rash. Some patients may experience facial swelling or shortness of breath, according to Schmidt & Clark.
Dangers to the Fetus
Gadolinium-based contrast agents may harm the fetus if administered to a pregnant woman, according to the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). However, gadolinium contrast agents may be used during pregnancy if essential. Nursing women can continue breastfeeding after receiving gadolinium contrast, according to UCSF, since only a trace amount of gadolinium reaches the milk.
Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
Some patients who have received gadolinium-based contrast agents have developed nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), a condition that causes skin thickening. NSF can be fatal. Patients with renal insufficiency or renal dysfunction, including renal dysfunction caused by a liver transplant, are at risk for NSF. These patients should avoid gadolinium-based contrast agents whenever possible. Signs of NSF include swelling, hardening, itching, burning or darkening skin, raised yellow spots on your eyes, joint stiffness and muscle weakness.
Tags: contrast agents, Gadolinium-based contrast, Gadolinium-based contrast agents, agents used, allergic reactions
