Computed radiography (CR) uses the same equipment as conventional radiography, but instead of using film, an image plate is used that is put through a CR reader to digitize the image. In this format the image can be viewed and enhanced with software, transmitted electronically and stored as electronic data.
Recent Developments in CR
Over the past 15 years, CR technology has evolved from a concept to a reality with great promise for the future. Radiographic imaging relies on the use of computers today for computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) scanners and CR readers. Developments in computed radiography provide today's digital technology with enhanced images, rapid transmission of information for remote viewing and consultation, and electronic storage systems that hold more information than ever before.
Film vs. Digital Images
Film images can be digitized, but they still require chemical processing and the use of darkrooms. Right now this adds steps to the process. The future of radiography will be a hybrid between film-based systems and computed/digital radiograpy. With the quality of digital images fast approaching that of film, digital images are now being used to electronically distribute and store these images, and will be used much more widely in the future.
CR Hardware
CR hardware depends upon one or more central processing units (CPU), main and secondary memory devices, data transfer devices and a network interface. Memory devices consist of a large number of integrated circuits that store needed information. Communication pathways for a CR digital imaging system is much like our central nervous system. Image data is sent along specific routes to various network components. A picture archiving and communication system (PACS) network stores a database of images that users can retrieve and display on medical imaging software.
CR Software
Special software is required to operate CR hardware. The CPU relies on instructions from the computer's operating system. In addition, software is required to manage specific functions such as database access, graphics and digital imaging processing. Other software programs are needed to edit data, link to the data library and translate written programs into computer code. Each of these functions requires specific software. CR imaging relies on software as much as hardware.
The Future: Smaller, Portable and More Efficient CR Systems
Over the course of its development, CR hardware, like hardware in other industries, has become much smaller. The smaller more compact systems save valuable space in the laboratory, and reduce the need for darkrooms. And CR systems are becoming more attractive because the radiation dose, which was once several times that of screen/film techniques, is now comparable.
The next phase of the CR revolution will take place through the use of handheld computers. Personal digital assistants (PDAs) have many features that make it an ideal tool for radiologists and healthcare providers. They provide a platform for real-time review of patient data. Newer PDAs now have display characteristics much like low-resolution computer monitors. PDAs use can improve work flow and efficiency for the radiologist; including improved personal information management, access to educational materials, and remote access to radiology-related information systems. There is still a lack of PDA software for radiology compared to software other medical specialties. More powerful PDAs with better displays and more radiology-specific software applications, will likely lead to wider use by radiologists in the future.
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