A pilonidal cyst is a painful abscess near the buttocks. A cyst is defined as a fluid filled sack that protrudes from the skin. In some people a pilonidal cyst is harmless and causes no problems. The cyst becomes painful and requires medical attention to alleviate symptoms when it becomes irritated and infected.
Identification
A pilonidal cyst forms as a bump in the tailbone area near the buttocks and contains fluid and pus along with hair and skin debris. The name comes from the Latin language words pilus and nidus, meaning hair and nest. This type of cyst is more common in men and is rare after the age of 40 years.
Symptoms
Some people never feel painful symptoms from a pilonidal cyst and the cyst does not become infected. Symptoms of a cyst that becomes infected are redness and warmth in the skin. A pain in the lower spine along with swelling is also common. A cyst that has broken will drain pus and blood.
Cause
A pilonidal cyst may be causes by several factors. One cause is that loose hair and skin is forced into an area that undergoes friction and pressure from rubbing skin or tight clothing. This causes the body to form a cyst as a way to fight the foreign object. A cyst may also form from a hair follicle that has stretched or grown, causing it to rupture. Once the follicle ruptures, a cyst will form in the follicle area.
Diagnosis and Treatment
A physical examination of the cyst will diagnose the type and treatment needed. There is no blood testing or imaging of the area needed. The first step in treating a pilonidal cyst or abscess is having it drained. This procedure requires only a local anesthetic. A physician cuts open the cyst and drains any fluid and pus present along with removing any hair or skin in the cyst. In cases where draining the cyst does not work, surgery is done to thoroughly clean the cyst. The cyst is packed with dressing to promote healing from the inside out. Wound care is very important following surgery to prevent infection.
Prevention
Preventing a reoccurring or new cyst involves proper hygiene of the tailbone, buttock, and groin area. Shaving or removing hair may be needed for preventing reoccurring cysts. Avoid long periods of sitting or putting pressure on the buttocks area. Weight loss in obese people may be required for prevention.
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