In 2010, the U.S. had more than 46 million Medicare beneficiaries.
Medicare was signed into law in 1965, as part of the Social Security Act of 1965. At the time, Medicare was made up of only two parts, called A and B. In later years, two more parts, C and D, were added. Each part has its own benefits, but Part A is mandatory before you can sign up for any other section. Any citizen or legal immigrant can sign up for Medicare, but they have to wait until they meet certain conditions.
If You Are Age 65
All American citizens can enroll in Medicare once they reach the age of 65. Your initial enrollment period lasts from three months before your 65th birthday, until three months after. You will have to take the initiative to enroll yourself during this time by contacting the Social Security Administration. If you are already receiving benefits from Social Security when you turn 65, the SSA will enroll you in Parts A and B Medicare automatically.
If You Are Retired or Married
Any person and his or her spouse who has worked and paid Medicare taxes for at least 10 years, or 40 quarters. You do not have to be currently married to your spouse to be eligible for premium-free Part A.
If You Are Disabled
Railroad workers who have been getting disability pension benefits from the Railroad Retirement Board can begin using Medicare even before they turn 65. You can also sign up for Medicare before age 65 if you are disabled and have been receiving, or have been entitled to, Social Security disability payments for at least 24 months. Not only can you begin using Medicare, you are also eligible for premium-free Part A, although Part B still requires monthly premiums.
If You Have Other Health Conditions
If you have end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis or a transplant, or have Lou Gehrig's disease, you may also be able to sign up for Medicare before you turn 65. Individuals with these conditions qualify for the program if they are eligible for Social Security benefits as well. They also qualify for premium-free Part A.
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