The past few decades have seen a drastic rise in the number and uses for DNA testing. Scientists have known about the existence of DNA for quite some time, but testing for common purposes has become financially viable only recently. Like all new technology, DNA testing poses some danger, mostly in the form of privacy concerns.
DNA samples
History
After Gregor Mendel established the basics of genetics in 1868, it took science almost 100 years to finally prove the existence of the genetic material that defines living creatures, deoxyribonucleic acid. In 1944, Oswald Avery managed to show that bacteria could pass disease causing traits on to future generations, showing a link between nucleic acid and inherited traits. In 1953, Francis Crick and James Watkins identified DNA, finally proving the theory about its existence, according to the Nobel Prize Institute.
Home Testing
Some consumers may choose to forgo a DNA test by a licensed professional and use an at-home testing kit. While at-home DNA testing kits pose little in the way of health hazards, they can give people false hope that indirectly causes damage. DNA tests can give an analysis of genes that indicate risks for certain diseases or conditions. Because the FDA does not readily regulate DNA testing, a consumer is sometimes left to make their own assumptions about the results. A person missing a gene linked to breast cancer, for example, might ignore getting a recommended yearly mammogram.
Paternity Testing
In addition to genetic testing, people commonly use DNA tests for determining a child's biological father, reports the American Pregnancy Association. When performed by an accredited testing facility, a DNA paternity test offers a small risk of inducing a miscarriage when drawing fluid from the womb. The mother might experience cramps and bleeding from the procedure.
Privacy
The data gathered from DNA presents several privacy concerns, reports "Business Week." Employers could use DNA testing to discriminate against potential employees. A business might not want to hire a worker if they find out the employee possesses a gene linked to a costly disease such as cancer. The courts may use DNA in trials, even from people with no relation to a crime. One 2006 case in Houston saw a man convicted of rape based on genetic evidence from a twin brother, claims "Business Week."
Prevention/Solution
The American College of Medical Genetics urges consumers of at-home kits to receive counseling from a qualified genetics doctor. Congress can alleviate privacy concerns by enacting legislation preventing discrimination based on DNA testing, claims "Business Week."
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