Astronaut Job Description & Qualifications
Any United States citizen can apply to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to become an astronaut candidate. After training and evaluation, civilian candidates that are selected become permanent federal employees and must stay with NASA for at least five years.
Responsibilities
Astronauts are involved in all aspects of assembly and operation of the International Space Station, including extravehicular activities, robotics operations, experiment operations and on-board maintenance. Missions last from three to six months; training takes two to three years.
Minimum Qualifications
A bachelor's degree from an accredited institution is required - in engineering, biological science, physical science or mathematics. Three years of related professional experience is also necessary. An advanced degree can be substituted for experience. Teaching experience, at any level, qualifies.
Pilots
Pilot candidates must have logged at least 1,000 hours in command of jet aircraft.
Physical Requirements
Applicants must pass the NASA long-duration space-flight physical. This requires visual acuity, correctable to 20/20; blood pressure no higher than 140/90; and height, between 5 feet, 2 inches and 6 feet, 3 inches.
Selection Process
A week of interviews, orientation and a complete medical evaluation precede selection. Background investigations of successful candidates are conducted.
General Program Requirements
Selected candidates undergo training and evaluation for about two years. This includes military water-survival training and SCUBA certification.
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